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„Ostarbeiterinvasion“ und „phantastische Mortalität.“ Die Tötung kranker ausländischer Zwangsarbeiter in der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Pfafferode 1944–1945

100%
Bremberger B.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica
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2020
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issue 37
87-106
EN
What to do with incapacitated forced laborers in Nazi Germany? The solutions ranged from care by factory, camp or resident doctors, through hospitals, and special foreign hospitals to deportation “to their home country,” although it was uncertain whether they would ever get home. The methods of dealing with them deteriorated throughout the course of the war. By 1944 at the latest, “mentally ill Eastern workers and Poles” were to be admitted to sanatoriums and nursing homes, where their future fate was to be decided. This was partly used as license for murdering tuberculous-infected foreigners. The Pfafferode asylum in today's Thuringia was from September 1944 a “collection point” for the states of Thuringia and the provinces of Saxony and Anhalt. This example shows how Eastern European forced laborers were also victims of murder. Detailed statements by the staff attest to the handling of patients on wards 17 and 18, personally supervised by Director Theodor Steinmeyer, where a striking number of patients died.
DE
Was tun mit arbeitsunfähigen Zwangsarbeitern? Die Lösungen, die dafür gefunden wurden, reichten von der Betreuung durch Werks-, Lager- oder niedergelassene Ärzte über Krankenstuben, spezielle Ausländerkrankenhäuser bis hin zur Abschiebung „in ihre Heimat“, wobei ungewiss war, ob sie jemals zu Hause ankamen. Im Verlauf des Krieges radikalisierte sich der Umgang mit ihnen. Spätestens 1944 sollten „geisteskranke Ostarbeiter und Polen“ in Heil- und Pflegeanstalten eingeliefert werden, wo über ihr weiteres Schicksal entschieden werden sollte. Dies wurde teilweise als Freibrief für Morde auch an tuberkulösen Ausländern genutzt. Die Anstalt Pfafferode im heutigen Thüringen war ab September 1944 „Sammelstelle“ für die Länder Thüringen-Land und Provinz Sachsen, Anhalt. An ihrem Beispiel wird dargestellt, wie auch osteuropäische Zwangsarbeiter Opfer der dortigen Krankenmorde wurden. Detaillierte Aussagen des Personals belegen den Umgang mit Patienten auf den von Direktor Theodor Steinmeyer persönlich betreuten Stationen 17 und 18, auf denen auffallend viele Patienten ums Leben kamen.
2
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Bydgoscy maturzyści polskich szkoł z czasów II Rzeczpospolitej i ich losy podczas II Wojny Światowej

89%
Jastrzębski W.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki, seria Edukacja - Rodzina - Społeczeństwo
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2021
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issue 5
211-223
EN
The article presents the profiles of young men, high school graduates from Bydgoszcz, who showed strength and courage in their actions during World War II. They carried out their education during the Second Polish Republic in schools such as: the State Classical Gymnasium in Bydgoszcz, the E. Rydz-Śmigły in Bydgoszcz, the Municipal Mathematics and Natural Sciences Gymnasium for them. M. Kopernika in Bydgoszcz, as well as the Bydgoszcz Male Teachers’ Seminar. Their heroism deserves special recognition and distinction.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia sylwetki młodych mężczyzn, bydgoskich maturzystów, którzy wykazali się siłą i odwagą w prowadzonych przez siebie działaniach podczas II wojny światowej. Realizowali oni swoją edukację za czasów II Rzeczypospolitej w szkołach takich jak: Państwowe Gimnazjum Klasyczne w Bydgoszczy, Państwowe Gimnazjum Humanistyczne im. E. Rydza-Śmigłego w Bydgoszczy, Miejskie Gimnazjum Matematyczno-Przyrodnicze im. M. Kopernika w Bydgoszczy, a także bydgoskie Seminarium Nauczycielskie Męskie. Ich bohaterskość zasługuje na szczególne uznanie i wyróżnienie.
3
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Determinanty morderstw w USA

89%
Pieniążek P.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. LXXXIX (89)
285-295
EN
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different factors on crime by estimating structural parameters of a simple model of the supply function of the murder rate in American states in 2009. Results suggest that demographic variables play an important role in explaining this phenomenon, as well as the probability of execution given murder and inequality with its nonmonotonic influence. In the first section research is embedded in a proper context. Second section gives a descreption of the research framework. Third section presents the results of the estimation. Fourth section presents the discussion of the estimates and the final fifth section closes the article with concluding remarks.
4
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Zło i grzech w nauczaniu Sulpicjusza Sewera

62%
Pochwat J.
Vox Patrum
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2014
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vol. 62
443-456
EN
Sulpicius Severus (c. 360-420) was aware of the enormity of evil that people commit. He kept reminding, that the source of this situation is the sin of the first couple, Adam and Eve. A human being took side of Satan rather than God, and consequently developed all kinds of sins of disorder in a delicate field of human sexuality, various vices, murders and wars. Everyone commits sins, no matter who he is and what he does in life. Sulpicius Severus emphasized the truth that sin means disaster, loss of the most important values of freedom and happiness in God. An important feature in the teaching of Sulpicius Severus is his approach to the pagans and heretics. Both of them are treated by him as those who are under the influence of Satan; pagans – because by worshiping idols they venerate de­mons, and heretics – because by preaching false doctrines they submit to the spirit of lies, that is the spirit of Satan.
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