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1

Frombork - mury obronne wzgórza katedralnego

100%

Ochrona Zabytków

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1963

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issue 2

71

2

KONSERWACJA ZAMKU W MALBORKU JAKO PRZYKŁAD KSZTAŁTOWANIA SIĘ DOKTRYNY KONSERWATORSKEJ

51%

Bukal G.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2008

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issue 3

91-102

EN

The Malbork Castle is an example of the subjugation of a historical monument and its conservation to ideological goals. After the first partition of Poland in 1772 Malbork found itself within the borders of the Prussian monarchy. The castle, up to then never intentionally destroyed, was pulled down and re-designed. The devastation was halted in 1803 thanks to the propaganda campaign launched by young German Romantics. Since 1817 the tide of patriotic upheaval favoured the castle's restoration, transforming Malbork into a national sanctuary of Prussia. Supervision over the work was entrusted to Karl Friedrich Schinkel. The architecture of the first stage in the restoration of Malbork was typical for Romantic historicism and linked Classical composition schemes with a neo-Gothic appearance. In the wake of the unification of Germany in 1871 the castle was to symbolise the German military 'Drang nach Osten' trend and comprise one of the monuments of the revived empire. From 1855 the castle was fortified, thus restoring its status of a fortress within the defensive system of Eastern Prussia. The second stage of the work (1882-1922) was steered by Conrad Emmanuel Steinbrecht, who adhered to the purist spirit represented by Viollet-le-Duc. The intention was to change the castle into an idealized symbolic seat of the Teutonic Knights. Only traces remain of Steinbrecht's work, destroyed in 1945, but we owe the present-day shape of Malbork to his vision. Taking into consideration the historical context of the existence and annihilation of the castle, the decisions of the Polish authorities concerning its reconstruction reflect an astoundingly pragmatic approach and far-sightedness. They became part of the Polonisation and re-Polonisation of monuments of value from the propaganda viewpoint and obtained due to the altered shape of the territory of the Polish state in 1945. In this respect, contemporary Malbork remains an ideological monument fulfilling political functions. From the technical and conservation viewpoint the remnants of mediaeval and nineteenth-century architecture have been reintegrated and restored. Today, these salvaged remnants contain the value and authenticity of Malbork as a monument of European culture. All other components are contemporary supplements, which, however, are already assuming the status of monuments. They carry a clear-cut message and deserve to be protected against the pseudo-conservation and architectural neo-historicism, inspired by political and economic conditions, which results in the devastation of monuments or their reduction to the level of tawdry and media-oriented attractions.

3

Zamek Żupny w Wieliczce Centrum administracji przedsiębiorstwa solnego od XIII wieku

51%

Ochniak-Dudek K.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2010

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issue 1-4

27-44

EN

The Wieliczka Saltworks Castle had been developing since 13th century in direct vicinity of a shaft excavated in search for salt. It is an example of medieval defensive architecture directly connected with the history of the state mining enterprise constituted by Cracow Saltworks in pre-partition Poland. Salt mines, with the salt works and mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia under one management, were the biggest Polish enterprise and one of the biggest in Europe. The Castle remained the office of the management until 1945, when its central part was destroyed by bombs. After renovation, the Castle houses the Cracow Saltworks Museum Wieliczka, which conducts studies on salt heritage on the basis of historical book collection, salt works archives, and a valuable salt works cartographic resource. The castle complex comprises three main buildings: the central one, the so-called House Among Salt Mine (13th-17th, 20th century), housing a magnificent Gothic room with reconstructed vault leaned on the middle pillar; north one, Salt Mine House (erected in 14th-15th century, using the rampart from the end of 13th century, rebuilt in 16th-20th century), and south one (1834-36, 20th century). The layout includes also a reserve of mining shaft from the mid-13th century, secured ruins of salt mine kitchen, fragments of ramparts with a tower. Remained facilities of the Saltworks Castle constitute a unique unit, whose historical values are important as global heritage, since they are an interesting example of medieval architecture, changed in the Renaissance, baroque, and more recent times. Atypical character of the castle whose functions were mainly economic and administrative, and also representative, and to a lesser extent residential, makes it an extraordinary piece of architecture. There are no such layouts in Poland, and the long, a few-hundred-year period of direct relationship with an industrial enterprise distinguishes the Wieliczka facility also when compared to the parse, similar and remained European centres. The article conducts a comparative analysis of in particular buildings in Slovakia, Austria, and France.

4

KRONIKA. Woj. krakowskie

32%

Ochrona Zabytków

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1951

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issue 3-4

199-205

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Frombork - mury obronne wzgórza katedralnego

KONSERWACJA ZAMKU W MALBORKU JAKO PRZYKŁAD KSZTAŁTOWANIA SIĘ DOKTRYNY KONSERWATORSKEJ

Zamek Żupny w Wieliczce Centrum administracji przedsiębiorstwa solnego od XIII wieku

KRONIKA. Woj. krakowskie