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EN
Changes in the legislation related to museum curators and museology, introduced with small steps in harmony with the Overton Window concept, are discussed; they are leading away from the letter and spirit of the Act on Museums of 21 Nov 1996 and the traditions of Polish museology based on creating collections of museum objects and working on them in various manners. Regulations and legal opinions on the museum curator profession are presented, pointing to the fact that the initially cohesive definitions and provisions are becoming blurred, to the extent of losing their initial sense, and threatening the identity of this professional group, as well as the identity of museums as heritage-preserving organizations. Furthermore, attempts to extend the concept of museum curator to encompass also the institution’s executives or the entire museum staff undertaken in order to depreciate this professional group and deprive it of the impact on the institution’s management have been signalled. A tendency has been observed to deprive the employees fulfilling the museum’s basic activity, museum curators included, of the influence on shaping state policies with respect to museology, this clearly illustrated by the composition of the Council for Museums and National Memorial Sites. Provisions of the labour legislation as regards professions of public trust museum curators aspire to join have been quoted. Mention has also been made of certain activities they have undertaken to prevent the process of de-professionalising the profession of a museum curator in the museum-related legislation, and to subsequently reverse it. The 2016 Bill on Museum Collections and on Museums prepared by the National Section for Museums and Institutions for the Preservation of Historical Monuments of the Solidarity Trade Union has been presented. The main demands of the Bill have been pointed to: the consolidation of the status of museum collections as the main purpose of the museum’s raison d’être, the status of a museum curator as a profession of public trust, and the shift in museum management from technocratic (New Public Management) to modern, aiming to serve the national heritage and people in harmony with the principles of the New Public Service.
EN
The article documents all the actions which have already been undertaken to compile a Polish Dictionary of Museum Curators. The co-operation of the National Institute for Museums and Public Collections, the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and the National Museum in Poznań, and the Association of Polish Museum Professionals, Wielkopolska branch, and the project’s public partner and initiator, which has contributed to two symposiums and a discussion panel. The opportunity to implement a long-term and nationwide project which serves to contribute to knowledge about the development of museology in Poland, consolidate the professional environment, and improve the ethos of a profession which is similar to a public service, will be the substantive result of the events.
PL
Artykuł dokumentuje dotychczasowe działania mające na celu stworzenie Polskiego Słownika Muzealników. Współpraca instytucji: Narodowego Instytutu Muzealnictwa i Ochrony Zbiorów, Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu i Muzeum Narodowego w Poznaniu z partnerem społecznym i inicjatorem projektu – Oddziałem Wielkopolskim Stowarzyszenia Muzealników Polskich doprowadziła do realizacji 2 sympozjów oraz panelu dyskusyjnego. Efekty merytoryczne tych wydarzeń stanowią trwałą bazę umożliwiającą realizację wieloletniego projektu o charakterze ogólnopolskim, służącego powstaniu zarówno podstaw wiedzy o osobach związanych z rozwojem muzealnictwa w Polsce, jak i konsolidacji środowiska oraz wzmocnieniu etosu zawodu o cechach służby publicznej.
PL
Hanna Benesz była absolwentką Instytutów: Historii Sztuki oraz Lingwistyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Całe swoje życie zawodowe od 1975 r. związała z Muzeum Narodowym w Warszawie, w którym pracowała w Galerii Sztuki Europejskiej opiekując się kolekcją sztuki flamandzkiej i holenderskiej. Przeszła wszystkie szczeble kariery od asystenta do kustosza. Uważała, że podstawą działań muzealnika jest doskonała znajomość kolekcji. Dzięki badaniom prowadzonym nad obrazami zgromadzonymi w magazynach MNW w przypadku dużej liczby dzieł ustaliła ich atrybucję i proweniencję. Badała ikonografię stosując metody badawcze wypracowane przez ikonologię. Zwracała uwagę na stan techniczny obrazów, dzięki czemu dochodziło do tak spektakularnych „przywróceń”, jak odkrycie – w obrazie zapomnianym i uważanym za kopię – autentycznego dzieła Opłakiwanie Chrystusa Abrahama Janssensa (ok. 1575–1632). Była autorką i współautorką wielu wystaw. Współpracowała z muzealnikami z całego świata. Z wystawą o sztuce baroku dotarła nawet do Japonii. Obrazy z kolekcji MNW starała się prezentować nie tylko poprzez kontakt widzów z dziełami sztuki, ale także przez publikacje, i to głównie anglojęzyczne, oraz internet. Od momentu gdy została kustoszem, rozpoczęła wraz z Marią Kluk opracowywanie katalogu rozumowanego Early Netherlandish, Dutch, Flemish and Belgian Paintings 1494–1983 in the Collections of the National Museum in Warsaw and the Palace at Nieborów. Complete Illustrated Summary Catalogue, który ukazał się w 2016 roku. Rok później został uhonorowany główną nagrodą w konkursie „Sybilli” w dziedzinie „Publikacje”, a król Niderlandów przyznał Hannie Benesz rycerski order Oranje- -Nassau V klasy. Dekoracji nim dokonał ambasador Królestwa Niderlandów podczas 20. kongresu CODART w pałacu łazienkowskim w Warszawie. Hanna Benesz była nie tylko wspaniałym muzealnikiem i naukowcem, ale też wypróbowanym przyjacielem i człowiekiem niezwykle ciepłym, wrażliwym na krzywdy bliźnich.
EN
Hanna Benesz graduated from the Institutes: of Art History and of Applied Linguistics at the University of Warsaw. Her whole career launched in 1975 remained inseparably connected with the National Museum in Warsaw, where she worked at the Gallery of European Art curating the Flemish and Dutch collections. She followed all the promotion steps: from assistant to curator. Benesz strongly believed that museum curator’s job was grounded in a perfect knowledge of the collection. Thanks to her research conducted into the paintings amassed in National Museum’s storerooms, she successfully attributed a substantial number of works and identified provenance of many. She studied iconography applying research methods worked out by iconology. Moreover, she focused on the paintings’ technical condition, this occasionally leading to spectacular ‘restorations’, e.g. the identification of a genuine work by Abraham Janssens (ca 1575–1632) the Lamentation of Christ in a forgotten work, previously considered to be a copy. Author and co-author of many exhibitions, she cooperated with museum curators around the world. Her exhibition on Baroque art reached as far as Japan. Benesz’s intention was not only to present the paintings from the National Museum’s collections through a direct contact of visitors with the works, but also in publications, mainly in English and online. As soon as she became curator, together with Maria Kluk she focused on working out the reasoned catalogue Early Netherlandish, Dutch, Flemish and Belgian Paintings 1494–1983 in the Collections of the National Museum in Warsaw and the Palace at Nieborów. Complete Illustrated Summary Catalogue, published in 2016. A year later, the Catalogue was honoured with the main prize in the Sybilla Competition in the category for publications, while the King of the Netherlands awarded Hanna Benesz with the chivalric Order of Orange-Nassau (Oranje-Nassau) of the 5th grade; she was decorated with it by the Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands during the 20th CODART Congress held at the Warsaw Łazienki Palace. Not only was Hanna Benesz an outstanding museum curator and scholar, but also a trusted friend and a warm empathetic person, sensitive to other people’s misfortunes.
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