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Efekt przetrwania i premia za przetrwanie na przykładzie stóp zwrotu polskich funduszy inwestycyjnych otwartych

100%
Trzebiński A. A.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
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2016
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vol. 78
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issue 3
169-187
EN
Survivorship bias is the difference in returns between a portfolio composed of surviving funds and a portfolio of all funds of the period. In the literature, survivorship bias is indicated as one of the methodological errors that may affect the results and conclusions of research on the performance of investment funds. The purpose of the study conducted was to determine survivorship bias for Polish open-end investment funds in the period 2005-2015. The analysis was made on an annual basis by adopting two different approaches to active funds (operating throughout and at the end of sub-periods of research). It highlighted the factors that may affect the size of the effect of survivorship bias. The bias appeared to be very small, but this does not mean that it should be completely ignored in research. The key factors influencing its size included the change in the management of investment strategies and mergers with other funds.
PL
Istotą efektu przetrwania jest różnica między stopami zwrotu portfela złożonego z funduszy aktywnych i portfela obejmującego wszystkie fundusze z danego okresu. W literaturze efekt przetrwania wskazywany jest jako jeden z błędów metodologicznych, który może wpływać na wyniki i wnioski z badań nad dochodowością i efektywnością funduszy inwestycyjnych. W artykule przeprowadzono badanie, którego celem było określenie wysokości efektu przetrwania dla polskich funduszy inwestycyjnych otwartych w latach 2005-2015. Analizę przeprowadzono w okresach rocznych, przyjmując dwa różne podejścia do funduszy aktywnych (działające przez całe podokresy badadawcze i na ich koniec) oraz zwrócono uwagę na czynniki, które mogą wpływać na wysokość efektu przetrwania. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że efekt przetrwania powinien być uwzględniany głównie w badaniach obejmujących fundusze akcyjne. Natomiast kluczowym czynnikiem wpływającym na wysokość efektu przetrwania nie okazało się likwidowanie funduszy, ale zmienianie przez zarządzających strategii inwestycyjnych i łączenie z innymi funduszami.
2
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Z prawnej problematyki stabilizacji dochodów w rolnictwie

94%
Lipińska I.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2015
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vol. 13
229-256
EN
The article contains an analysis of bill on The Mutual Fund Support of Agricultural Income Stabilization, recognized by EU’s legislator as one of the risk management tools. The aim of the author’s deliberations is to determined the scope of the regulation and its evaluation. The legislator of the bill does not define all necessary requirements that should be conducted in obtaining the support by the farmer. Even it allows farmer to some abuse. As the result of this bill, the new kind of levy will be imposed on him. At this stage, without the legal norms on performing even the mutual fund, it will not be possible to set up the tool.
3
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Investors’ perception on mutual funds with reference to Chidambaram town

94%
Geetha N., Ramesh M.
Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business
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2011
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vol. 9
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issue 3
30-37
EN
Mutual funds in India play a vital role in mobilizing funds for capital and financial markets. The role of mutual funds in India felt significant as it generates funds from small investors at large across the country. The main objective of the study is to elucidate the perceptions and behaviors of the small investors located in the town of Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, South India towards the mutual funds and also suggest some measures to increase the quantum of investors and investments as well.
4

Measurement of the Efficiency of Mutual Funds Operating on the Pan-European Market

94%
Witkowska D.
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
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2012
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vol. 12
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issue 2
126-146
EN
In the paper the performance of 18 selected European mutual funds is evaluated. Analysis is conducted for 6 samples distinguished from the period 15.09.2006-20.01.2012. Ranking of funds is provided applying the aggregated measures that base on well known Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen ratios and four different markets indexes e.g. Euro STOXX 50, DAX, CAC 40 and FTSE 100. In the composite indicators construction we use 60 classifications of the mutual funds.
5
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Investing in Sustainable Development as a Form of Alternative Investments in Financial Markets - Analysis of the Volatility of Rates of Return of Open-End SRI Funds in Poland

94%
Krawczyńska D.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2023
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vol. 57
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issue 2
51-65
EN
Theoretical background: Socially responsible investing (SRI) is a specific type of investment, combining both financial objectives and investor preferences regarding the environment, society, or corporate governance. Since the period following the 2007 global financial crisis, a significant increase in interest in assets that meet SRI policies has been observed, which translated into a shift in the mutual fund products offered. SRI investment funds play a significant role in the SRI market due to the size of assets under management. They also have an indirect impact on the interest of individual investors in the theory of responsible investment by adjusting their offerings adequately. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study is to determine to what extent the performance of open-ended socially responsible investment funds reflects changes in asset prices on the capital market in Poland. Research methods: The analysis was carried out for the period from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2022. Daily quotes for SRI funds were used, while only funds that operated continuously during the set period were selected. The WIG and WIGESG indexes were used as stock market benchmarks. Due to the fact that mutual funds are quoted once a day, a simple daily rate of return was used in the study. Using the linear correlation coefficient, a correlation matrix was constructed between the daily returns of the funds and the adopted benchmarks. The study was conducted with the use of the linear regression method to verify the impact of capital market price changes on the returns achieved by SRI mutual funds. Then, using the method of least squares, the model parameters were estimated for SRI funds. Main findings: The results confirmed the influence of market benchmarks on the development of SRI fund returns in Poland. In addition, the results confirmed that the conventional benchmark (WIG) has a greater impact on fund returns than the ESG benchmark (WIGESG).
6
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Liquidity Risk Measurement for Mutual Funds Investing in Less-Liquid Assets

94%
Van Horne R. H.
Nauki o Finansach
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2016
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issue 2(27)
65-79
EN
I apply two models from the existing academic literature to assess liquidity risk in groups of mutual funds as well as in individual high yield mutual funds. These models are a serial correlation model with an AR(1) process and a lagged effects model. These models were most recently applied in the field of hedge fund research to measure liquidity risk and to evaluate the performance of aggregated groups of hedge funds, organized by investment strategy. I apply these models in the recently developing area of liquid alternative mutual funds and at the level of the individual mutual fund. A perceived benefit to investors in the liquid alternative funds is the structural, daily-redemption liquidity of the fund shares. Yet, the liquidity of the underlying securities portfolios held by these funds is not apparent to the investors and may expose the investor to heightened liquidity risk. The models perform well and will be applied to identify liquidity risk in a further ongoing study of the performance and liquidity of individual mutual funds. Liquidity risk assessment should play a vital role in performance evaluation and fund selection
7
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Complexity of innovative financial products: The case of synthetic exchange traded funds in Europe

94%
Marszk A.
Nauki o Finansach
|
2016
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issue 2(27)
49-64
EN
The aim of the text is the presentation of the most important categories of exchange traded funds (ETFs) – physical and synthetic ones. A theoretical part of the text includes an overview of the main features of ETFs, the presentation of the differences between physical and synthetic funds and the main risks posed by both types to their users and the whole financial systems. An empirical part focuses on the European market. The time span of the analysis covers the years 2001-2015 (or shorter periods in cases of lack of sufficient data). Using key statistics regarding the European ETFs market, its size, structure (both historically and currently) as well as predictions of the main future changes are discussed. The main results of the research indicate that the size of the European ETFs market, both in terms of the assets under management and number of listed funds, has been growing in recent years, yet at a rate lower than before the global financial crisis. An important observed change on the European ETFs market is the declining share of synthetic ETFs after their peak popularity in 2010. The most recent data from the first months of 2015 confirm this trend. Considering the data on cash flows into these two categories, physical ETFs will most probably continue to increase their market share compared to synthetic ones
8
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The impact of the banking sector crisis upon the Ukrainian investment fund market

94%
Trzebiński A. A.
Nauki o Finansach
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2017
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issue 2(31)
92-101
EN
This study is an attempt at evaluating the impact of the banking sector crisis of 2014-2016 upon the Ukrainian market of investment funds. The analyses cover a period between 2004 and the 2nd quarter of 2016, to illustrate the trend of changes observed on the market under study. The main focus of research was placed on platforms shared between the banking sector and the investment fund sector, such as the investment of free fund assets in bonds and shares issued by banking institutions or the use of financial instruments targeted to specific investor groups). Based on the findings, it may be concluded that the force of the systemic crisis’ impact upon the market of investment funds was related to the type of investment funds under examination. The effects of the sector’s decline were clearly reflected in the operation of open-end funds and interval funds, as evidenced by sizeable reductions of both their net assets and rates of return. For other types of investment funds, the researchers found no evidence of any impact in this respect
9

SKOK na rynku kapitałowym. Emisja obligacji przez Kasy

83%
Matusiak R.
Pieniądze i Więź
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2011
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vol. 14
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issue 4(53)
108-111
EN
The Author presents the possibilities and consequences of any bonds issued by the Credit Unions.
10

Mutual Fund Performance in Slovenia: An Analysis of Mutual Funds with Investment Policies in Europe and the Energy Sector

83%
Hribernik T., Vek U.
South East European Journal of Economics and Business
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2011
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vol. 6
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issue 1
61-69
EN
This paper examines the risk and return performance of mutual funds in Slovenia from 2005 until August 2009. The research is limited to the regional investment policies in Europe and the energy sector. Using monthly returns, we analyzed different risk-adjusted measures such as: the Treynor ratio, the Sortino ratio and the Information ratio. We also studied selections and timing ability using the Treynor-Mazuy model. The risk and return performance of mutual funds in the Slovenian market does not deviate from those in developed markets. We also found out that the selection ability of fund managers is better than market timing and that the findings of this paper are in accordance with other international studies.
11
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Wskaźnik kosztów uczestnictwa jako efekt oddziaływania atrybutów funduszy inwestycyjnych

83%
Filip D., Karaś D.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2018
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vol. 52
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issue 4
EN
The aim of this paper is to examine if fund attributes such as size, age and family size influence the expense ratio. The study employs multiple regression analysis for cross-section data with the use of three methods of estimation (OLS, Fama–MacBeth and IRLS). The analysis is conducted using data from four segments of Polish mutual funds. The results confirm the existence of small economies of scale in the case of the expenses incurred in connection with the increasing assets under management.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ustalenie wpływu atrybutów funduszy inwestycyjnych, takich jak wiek, wielkość funduszu oraz wielkość towarzystwa, do jakiego należy dany fundusz, na wysokość opłat pobieranych przez omawianych pośredników. W tym celu wykorzystano analizę regresji wielorakiej dla danych przekrojowych z wykorzystaniem trzech metod estymacji paramentów (OLS, Fama–MacBetha oraz IRLS). Analizę zależności wskaźników kosztów uczestnictwa od cech organizacyjnych oparto o dane dotyczące czterech segmentów polskich funduszy inwestycyjnych. Otrzymane wyniki potwierdzają istnienie niewielkich korzyści skali w opłatach pobieranych przez fundusze w związku ze zwiększaniem się wartości posiadanych aktywów.
12
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The relation between management fees and the mutual funds` performance in Poland in 2015

83%
Fraś A.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 2
245-259
EN
Research background: The investor`s expectation of better performance in the case of more expensive mutual funds seems natural and fully justified. However, the rise of passive funds and their surprisingly good results, especially when taking into account their low fees, triggered the discussion. Recent years have brought more and more studies, conducted mostly for the American market, discrediting high-charging, aggressive funds. First analyses in Poland also indicate that the level of fees is not always linked with the fund's performance. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relation between the fees imposed by the mutual funds and the funds` performance. The idea is to verify, whether higher management fees are associated with top performance and whether it is rational to pay more for capital management. Methods: In the first step of the study, linearity and direction of the dependency was explored, using scatterplots and correlation analysis. In the second part, the linear regression was created to verify the strength of the relation. One-factor models have been built with the rate of return and standard deviation as independent variables for 1-, 3- and 5-year time horizons. Moreover, two-factor models, including both rate of return and risk has been created, to compare the significance of return and risk factor. Findings & Value added: The results indicated that more expensive Polish mutual funds in 2015 tended to perform worse in all tested time horizons - both in terms of lower rates of return and higher risk. Especially unexpected are the results of rates of return regression analysis - it turns out that within a sample 1% higher fee implied over 0.6% lower rate of return before fees (in yearly period). Nonetheless, the risk turned out to be more important, explaining the charges variability much better than the rate of return. Another interesting finding of the study is that merely two simple factors (return and risk) explain even as much as 60% of the management fee variability.
13
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FINANCIAL MARKETS DIFFUSION PATTERNS. THE CASE OF MEXICAN INVESTMENT FUNDS

83%
Marszk A., Lechman E., Kaur H.
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2017
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vol. 12
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issue 1
83-100
EN
Research background: Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are one of the most influential financial innovations, reshaping the investment funds market in many countries, including Mexico. Due to their similar investment objectives, ETFs are considered substitutes for mutual funds. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to provide an indepth insight into the issues associated with the development of financial markets in Mexico over the period 2002-2012, putting special emphasis on the development patterns of ETFs. Methods: First we use descriptive statistics to unveil basic changes and trends in the Mexican investment funds (ETFs and mutual funds). Then we use a category of the innovation diffusion models, i.e. logistic growth models, in order to explore the key development patterns. Data sources and methodological framework are presented in the second section of the article, with a detailed description of the innovation diffusion models applied in the research (based on 3-parametric logistic curve). The sum of assets under management of ETFs and mutual funds is considered as the size of the total investment funds market. Findings & Value added: Empirical findings indicate a significant development of the ETF market, both in terms of assets under management and market share. According to the presented estimations, Mexican ETF market development can be described with the logistic growth models, and three characteristic phases of the logistic curve were clearly observable. The predicted ETF market development patterns point towards a further increase of the market share of ETFs over the next 3-5 years, yet the probability of exceeding the level of ca. 20-30% seems low.
14
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Społecznie odpowiedzialne inwestowanie w Polsce na tle sytuacji w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej

83%
Adamska A., Dąbrowski T. J., Grygiel-Tomaszewska A.
Nauki o Finansach
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2015
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issue 2(23)
73-95
EN
The purpose of the paper was to analyze the phenomenon of ethical investing and to evaluate the level of development of the market for this type of investments in selected member countries of the European Union. The study covered 10 countries with different degrees of development of the SRI market. The research was focused on two main areas: first – asset management approach in the context of ethical investments and second – the availability of this type of investment for a wide range of individual investors, dependent on the level of development of open-end ethical investment funds segment. Studies have shown that despite similarities among countries in some areas, there is no universal standard that would determine the shape of the SRI market. This fact indicates the importance of local institutional conditions. Compared to other countries, the market in Poland stood out a low value of assets under management of ethical investment, but also the highest growth rates of these assets. In addition, the segment of open ethical investment funds was underdeveloped, with moderate degree of heterogeneity in conjunction with the small size of the average fund. In Poland, as in most other countries, equity funds dominated in terms of numbers, and fixed income funds – in terms of assets under management. The low level of development of the domestic market of ethical investments is largely due to the existing system of institutional factors, which in contrast to the solutions found in countries with mature SRI market, does not create incentives for this type of investment.
15
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Three-factor market-timing models with Fama and French’s spread variables

83%
OLBRYŚ J.
Operations Research and Decisions
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 2
91-106
EN
The traditional performance measurement literature has attempted to distinguish security selection, or stock-picking ability, from market-timing, or the ability to predict overall market returns. However, the literature finds that it is not easy to separate ability into such dichotomous categories. Some researchers have developed models that allow the decomposition of manager performance into market-timing and selectivity skills. The main goal of this paper is to present modified versions of classic market-timing models with Fama and French’s spread variables SMB and HML, in the case of Polish equity mutual funds.
16
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Rynek funduszy inwestycyjnych w Polsce w latach 2004-2015

71%
Kulpaka P.
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
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2017
|
vol. 1(25)
231-244
PL
Dynamicznie zachodzące zmiany na rynkach finansowych skutkują wzrostem roli i znaczenia pośredników finansowych zajmujących się szeroko rozumianym zarządzaniem aktywami (asset management), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem funduszy inwestycyjnych, które są częścią tej większej branży. Celem artykułu jest analiza rozwoju i ewolucji rynku funduszy inwestycyjnych w Polsce w latach 2004 – 2015. W opracowaniu zanalizowano powstanie i miejsce funduszy inwestycyjnych na rynkach finansowych, a następnie przebadano ilościowy i wartościowy rozwój oraz najważniejsze zmiany na rynku funduszy inwestycyjnych w Polsce po wejściu do Unii Europejskiej.
EN
The paper examines the development of the mutual fund market in Poland in the years 2004 – 2015. The number of investment fund companies increased from 20 to 60, and the sum of registered mutual funds rose from 144 to 814. The net asset value in the management increased from 37 billion PLN to 262 billion PLN and the relation between the net assets and gross domestic product rose from about 4% to over 14,5%. Consequently in the research period the significance of mutual fund industry in Poland rose substantially, both on the domestic financial market and in the whole economy.
17
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Principles and Models of Forecasting of the Essential Indicators of Stock Mutual Funds

71%
Zvirblis A.
Issues of Business and Law
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2011
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vol. 3
62-72
EN
The article presents the principles and basic methods of evaluation of essential indicators of mutual funds, primarily stock mutual funds, and forecasting of the impact of the surrounding factors influencing them as well as the future prospects of the funds. The existing research and methodological potential has been analysed, this analysis serving as a basis for determining the directions of subsequent improvement of evaluation methods. In the case of complex evaluation of stock mutual funds, beside calculation of the Sharpe ratio and forecasting of stock prices within the portfolio, it is proposed to include evaluation of significant socio-economic factors using quantitative evaluation methods. Moreover, it is appropriate to forecast controlled capital amount and mutual fund's unit value trends on the basis of partial utility functions or multiple regression. The performed study and evaluation have allowed for establishing dependence of the controlled capital amount on correlating macroeconomic indicators of the balanced fund of the bank stock funds. The results of the study can be applied when laying a complex basis for decisions to invest in mutual funds.
18

Makroekonomiczne uwarunkowania budowy portfela funduszu polskich spółek proeksportowych.

60%
Łon E.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2013
|
vol. 16
|
issue 3(60)
86-97
PL
W artykule zaproponowano utworzenie w Polsce funduszu inwestycyjnego lokującego środki w akcje polskich spółek proeksportowych. Zdefiniowano także pojęcie polskiej spółki proeksportowej. Ponadto przedstawiono wpływ głównych czynników makroekonomicznych na notowania kursów akcji portfela polskich spółek proeksportowych. Z badań wynika, iż w warunkach makroekonomicznych sprzyjających branży eksportowej stopy zwrotu z akcji polskich spółek proeksportowych są kilkakrotnie wyższe od stóp zwrotu z głównych indeksów GPW w Warszawie takich jak: WIG20, mWIG40 oraz sWIG80. W opracowaniu przedstawiono zasady polityki inwestycyjnej funduszy polskich spółek proeksportowych. Zaprezentowano także doświadczenia innych krajów w promocji sektora proeksportowego.
EN
The article proposes the creation of a Polish mutual fund investing assets in equity of Polish export-oriented companies. It defines the concept of Polish export-oriented company and also shows the influence of macroeconomic factors on stock returns of Polish export-oriented companies. The study showed that in the macroeconomic conditions favorable for the export industry, stock returns of the Polish export-oriented companies are higher than the returns of the main WSE indices such as WIG20, mWIG40 and sWIG80. The paper presents also the principles of investment policies of the Polish export-oriented companies’ mutual funds. The Author presents also experiences of other countries in the promotion of export-oriented sector.
19
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Zmiany trendów rynkowych a efektywność akcyjnych funduszy inwestycyjnych w Polsce w latach 2005–2014

60%
Kozak S., Ochnio E.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2016
|
vol. 50
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issue 3
EN
After a sharp decline in the value of mutual funds’ assets in 2008 in subsequent years, their situation has improved. In 2014 it resulted in tripling their assets comparing to 2005. Using monthly data on 18 equity funds operating continuously in Poland in 2005–2014, the profitability, level of risk and efficiency of funds were examined. The results indicate that profitability and efficiency of funds are significantly correlated with the trends in prices on the WSE. Taking higher investment risk brings additional positive results especially during periods of upward trends in share prices. In periods of crisis, smaller losses are suffered by funds with less aggressive investment policy. In the long term, better efficiency is obtained by funds reaching relatively stable rates of return throughout the entire period and better adapting current investment policy to the current stage of economy.
PL
Po gwałtownym spadku wartości akcyjnych funduszy inwestycyjnych w 2008 r., w kolejnych latach ich sytuacja uległa poprawie. W 2014 r. doprowadziło to do potrojenia akcji w stosunku do 2005 r. Na podstawie danych miesięcznych dotyczących 18 funduszy akcyjnych, działających nieprzerwanie w Polsce w latach 2005–2014, zbadano rentowność, poziom ryzyka i efektywności funduszy. Wyniki wskazują, że rentowność i efektywność funduszy są skorelowane z trendami cen na GPW. Podejmowanie wyższego ryzyka inwestycyjnego przynosi dodatkowe pozytywne rezultaty, zwłaszcza w okresach tendencji wzrostowych cen akcji. W okresach kryzysu mniejsze straty ponoszą fundusze mniej agresywnej polityki inwestycyjnej. W dłuższej perspektywie lepsze wyniki uzyskują fundusze przez cały czas osiągające relatywnie stabilne stopy zwrotu i lepiej dostosowane do polityki inwestycyjnej na obecnym etapie gospodarki.
20
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KOSZTY OBSŁUGI A WYNIKI FUNDUSZY INWESTYCYJNYCH W POLSCE – RELACJA DŁUGOTERMINOWA

60%
Filip D., Karaś D.
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
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2018
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vol. 19
|
issue 2
128-139
PL
Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, czy między wskaźnikiem kosztów uczestnictwa a wynikami funduszy inwestycyjnych zachodzi długoterminowa relacja. W tym celu wykorzystano klasyczne narzędzia analizy szeregów czasowych, tj. test stacjonarności KPSS oraz analizę kointegracji procedurą Engle’a-Grangera i test Johansena. Badanie prowadzone było na podstawie relatywnie dużej próby badawczej dotyczącej czterech głównych segmentów funduszy działających w Polsce w okresie 2002-2015. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy kointegracji, pokazano jedynie częściowe występowanie długoterminowej relacji między wskaźnikiem kosztów uczestnictwa, będącym odzwierciedleniem pobieranych przez fundusz opłat, a osiąganymi wynikami inwestycyjnymi w wybranych grupach funduszy.
EN
This paper aims to find a possible long-term correlation between mutual funds’ performance and expenses. The examination was conducted by means of classical approaches of the time series analysis, such as the KPSS test for stationarity, the Engle-Granger approach to cointegration and the Johansen test. The study was conducted on the basis of a relatively large study sample concerning four segments of funds operated in Poland in the 2002-2015 period. The obtained results of cointegration tests provide partial evidence that a long-term relation between the expense ratio, which reflects the fees charged by funds, and the achieved mutual fund performance exists in some groups of funds only.
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