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PL
Celem artykułu jest teoretyczna identyfikacja i praktyczna weryfikacja społecznej wartości dodanej realizowanej przez towarzystwa ubezpieczeń wzajemnych (TUW) w Polsce. W artykule postawiono tezę, że strategiczne pole percepcji na osi <> w przypadku TUW jest bardziej zbliżone do pola zajmowanego przez sektor biznesowy o wysokim stopniu socjalizacji (np. realizujący model społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu), niż przez podmioty ekonomii społecznej. W konsekwencji zakres działalności społecznej TUW na tle innych podmiotow ekonomii społecznej jest niewielki. Weryfikacja tej tezy nastąpiła w efekcie zaprezentowania specyfiki TUW jako podmiotow ekonomii społecznej, na podstawie konstrukcji miernika społecznej wartości dodanej oraz badań empirycznych związanych z kreowaniem społecznej wartości dodanej w TUW (w świetle analizy ich statutow oraz obszarow aktywności społecznej).
EN
This article aims at theoretical identification and practical verification of the social added value produced by mutual insurance companies (TUW) in Poland. The thesis that in case of mutuals the strategic field of perception on the axes: “economization-socialization” is more akin to a field occupied by the business sector with a higher degree of socialization (e.g. implementing CSR model) than the social economy. As a result, the range of social activities of the mutuals is small in relation to other social economy entities. The thesis has been verified by exploring the specificity of mutuals as the social economy entities, basic structure of social value-added measure and empirical research related to creating social value in the light of mutuals statutory documents analysis and research on the areas of the mutuals social activity.
EN
This article aims to answer the question of whether there is a relationship between the scope of insurance business declared by a mutual insurance company (MIC) – based on supervisory approval – and the effectiveness of that MIC, as measured by standard financial indicators. As a result of posing the thesis in these terms, the MICs studied were arbitrarily split into those with a small range of activity (up to 9 classes), and those with a large range of activities (more than 9 classes). The effectiveness of the two groups was then analysed. The statistical study covers the years 1996–2010. The first section outlines the general position and efficiency of MICs on the Polish insurance market in the years 2000–2010, as measured by value of gross premiums written and net income. The second part presents the results of an empirical study on the relationships between a range of activities of MICs acting in Section II and their effectiveness as measured by the following indicators: the value of gross premiums written, the value of premiums, acquisition costs, administration costs, net results, and the profitability of sales (ROS). The paper ends with conclusions.
EN
Over the last years, the interest for the potential of social economy organisations to support and produce economic and social development has increased substantially. Against the background of this increased interest in the area, the interest for the research of this economic sector having specific characteristics and grouping various organisations under the same identity has also increased. Starting from recent research, the main purpose of this article is to describe the landscape of social economy actors and the key elements in the evolution of the social enterprises in Romania. In the first part, we present structured information about the status quo of social economy entities such as they appear by analyzing the data collected at national level by the National Institute of Statistics and by analyzing the juridical and institutional framework of each type of organization. The analysis mainly focuses on three types of organisations – cooperatives, NGOs with an economic activity and mutual organisations. In the second part, the authors identify and analyze several key policy fields enabling the development of social economy actors. The last part of the review is dedicated to a discussion concerning the development of a specific policy framework to support the social enterprises in Romania.
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