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EN
The aim of this article is to present the problem of capital letters from the perspective of Spanish-Polish legal translations. The focus of the article lies on the titles of legal acts because it allows to show the mutual relations between linguistic, legal and translatory norms. At the beginning the problem of capitalization is presented from a general point of view. This is followed by a contrastive analysis of orthographic rules in Spanish and Polish, which demonstrates visible differences between those two languages. Furthermore, the influence of the extralinguistic factors and the usage created by the community of practice (Wegner 1998) on the translation of specialized texts is explained.
PL
The article presents a comparative analysis of food names included in Ukrainian and Polish idioms. Some of them are common to both languages, while some are characteristic of just one nation. Furthermore, the meanings of various idioms are shared which can be explained by a common history and culture. Differences show the national character of idioms.
EN
Contemporary theorists of family and kinship emphasize its fluidness. Processes of mating and becoming parents do not have clear rules and people must explicitly define their partner commitments and family arrangements. I explore the ways surnames are employed in the negotiation of kinship and making it obvious. Focusing on women’s perspective, I analyzed data downloaded from internet chats where (mostly female) participants discussed family-related topics. Findings confirm the the negotiated nature of family relationships and illustrate how social norms are being reinterpreted and accomodated to particular situations. As a result of a number of repartnered families, biological kinship loses its importance in defining close kin relationships, and instead their social and emotional basis is emphasized. The norm of nuclear family sharing a surname is challened and alternatives are prefered by some women, despite being restricted by less flexible codified norms.
EN
Towards standards in transliteration of Belarusian names and surnames in PolandThe article presents many transliteration variants of Belarusian names and surnames in Poland. It discusses the most common variants of the Belarusian alphabet transliteration, both international and Belarusian, as well as Polish transcription. The multiplicity of variants raises technical problems in the documents (passports, residence permits, acts of birth etc.). The article is a voice in the discussion on the development of a unified system of transliteration of Belarusian alphabet for the needs of the documents recognized in Poland. O potrzebie ujednolicenia sposobów transliteracji imion i nazwisk białoruskich w PolsceArtykuł prezentuje wielość wariantów transliteracji imion i nazwisk białoruskich w Polsce. Przedstawiono najpopularniejsze warianty transliteracji alfabetu białoruskiego – zarówno międzynarodowe, jak i białoruskie – oraz transkrypcję polską. Wielość wariantów rodzi problemy natury technicznej w dokumentach (paszporty, karty pobytu, akty urodzin itd.). Artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji na temat opracowania ujednoliconego systemu transliteracji alfabetu białoruskiego na potrzeby dokumentów uznawanych w Polsce.
EN
The article presents the procedure of altering Polish last names as it is pictured in examples of anthroponyms taken from the historical novel The Knights of the Cross written by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Characteristics of onomastics, as the one of many fields of the linguistic studies and the literary onomastics, which is a part of it, preludes the analysis performed in this paper. The emphasis has been put on one of the areas of this study – anthroponymy. According to this discipline, it was possible to investigate Polish surnames and depict the history of their advancement and modifications throughout centuries, basing on the mentioned novel. Author used the literary realism in the historical novel – genre recognizable for positivism and genuinely showed the process of transformations and modifications in Polish names, which was held within social groups like nobility, the middle class, peasantry and clergy. This thesis shows how did the author assort each personal name and directs to sources, that could have inspired him to create his characters and name them accordingly to the proper period and particular social group.
EN
The subject of the article is a discussion of the grammatical role of Proto-Slavic suffix *-itjь in the Old-Slavic mythological names in: *Svarožitjь and *P’orěnitjь. There is a two interpretations of that suffix: patronymic and hypocoristic. According to L. Moszyński, the its only function at the period of Proto-Slavic language was hypocoristic. Role of that suffix in Proto-Slavic is discused in the paper. The results of analysis clearly show that function of suffix *-itjь was both patronymic and hypocoristic. Conclusion is that these Slavic theonyms may have been patronymic epithets of gods *Dazhbog and *Jarilo.
EN
While the subject of Yoruba names has been significantly explored by previous studies, this paper discusses extensively the nature of such names from an ethnopragmatic framework, with the aim of explicating how Yoruba names are formed, their various cultural contexts as well as the significant functions they play in the Yoruba ethnolinguistic ecology. It identifies and categorizes personal names based on contexts such as family situation, circumstantces of birth, religious orientation, death situation and profession. This paper reinforces that names are not just arbitrary labels, but most notably, linguistic categories – lexical, phrasal or sentential – that have indexical relationship to sociocultural meanings and functions, places, time, people, and events.
EN
The article focuses on the effectiveness of the name-based method (Odimienna Metoda Nauki Czytania) developed by Irena Majchrzak in foreign language teaching to young pupils. Children’s names prove a good starting point for learning to read in a foreign language. As a valuable educational material of emotional charge, the name constitutes an integral part of the learner and thus can be used as a personalised primer containing a basic text to be the first read by children. Originally used to teach reading in Polish kindergartens, the name-based method may inspire teachers in teaching a foreign language to young learners as an ingenious pedagogical innovation. My professional experience indicates that the reading skills in a foreign language in the first stage of education are underestimated. My data come from a six-month experiment in a primary bilingual school where I introduced the name-based method. As a result, the children’s own names in their foreign language versions provided an excellent educational basis. The conclusions reveal that this method helps in expanding vocabulary, developing linguistic sensitivity, stimulating communication skills, and positively affecting language fluency.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics
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2011
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vol. 7
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issue 1
101-133
EN
Singapore Chinese is part of the Chinese Diaspora. This research shows how Singapore Chinese names reflect the Chinese naming tradition of surnames and generation names, as well as Straits Chinese influence. The names also reflect the beliefs and religion of Singapore Chinese. More significantly, a change of identity and representation is reflected in the names of earlier settlers and Singapore Chinese today. This paper aims to show the general naming traditions of Chinese in Singapore as well as a change in ideology and trends due to globalization.
EN
This article is part of the study of Polish religious names. The purpose is to analyse the reception of religious names by Internet users (the subject of the description was made by their comments on various Internet forums). The analysis of the methods of describing and evaluating religious names, unusual for baptismal nomenclature and names marked as ordinary Internet users, was carried out. The article uses both onomastic (especially religious onomastics) and sociolinguistic works.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł wpisuje się w nurt badań nad polskim imiennictwem zakonnym. Celem analiz uczyniono recepcję imion zakonnych przez środowisko internautów (przedmiotem opisu były wypowiedzi internautów umieszczone na różnych forach internetowych). Dokonano analizy sposobów opisu i wartościowania imion zakonnych, nietypowych dla nazewnictwa chrzestnego oraz imion zwanych przez internautów zwykłymi. W artykule wykorzystano zarówno prace onomastyczne (zwłaszcza z onomastyki religijnej), jak i socjolingwistyczne.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy polskich imion osobowych i ich różnych nieoficjalnych wersji oraz – marginalnie – nazw zwierząt w języku familijnym polskiego ziemiaństwa. Na podstawie pamiętników przedstawicieli rodzin ziemiańskich, dotyczących drugiej połowy XIX wieku i pierwszej połowy XX wieku, autorka szczegółowo przedstawia i interpretuje używane w tych rodzinach nieoficjalne formy imion oraz przezwiska. Ukazuje główne typy strukturalne wariantów słowotwórczych imion męskich i żeńskich, omawia ich funkcje prag matyczne i typowe konteksty użycia. Wyłania formy imion charakterystyczne dla ziemiaństwa. Ukazuje ziemiańskie imiennictwo jako istotny składnik języka familijnego tej warstwy społecznej.
EN
The article concerns Polish personal names and their various unofficial versions and names of animals in the family language of Polish gentry families. Based on the diaries of representatives of landed gentry families concerning the second half of the 19 th century and the first half of the 20 th century, the author presents and interprets the unofficial forms of names and nicknames used in these families. She shows the main struc tural types of word-formation variants of male and female names, discusses their pragmatic functions and typical contexts of use. She reveals the forms of names characteristic of the gentry. The author shows the landowner’s name as an essential component of the family language of this social class.
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EN
Personal names usually contain some information which falls within the broad content of culture. They are often imbued with information on history, religion, social organization, mentality, values, preferences or symbols. Chinese naming practices do not restrict the inventory of possible given names, and as based upon characteristics of the Chinese culture, Chinese language and Chinese writing system, they grant a great deal more opportunity for creativity in naming than is the case in Western cultures. The paper deals with the specific tradition and practice of Chinese generational naming, i.e. it presents various types and categories of Chinese generation given names, indicating the order of birth of children within a family or within generations of a clan. Generation names appear to be unique to China. The tradition and practice of generation naming were formed to ensure the unity of the great Chinese family and to maintain its continuity and prosperity. According to the research material, there are two main types of generation names, i.e. (I) names denoting the order of birth in a family by using special seniority terms or numerals, and (II) names indicating the order of birth within generations of a family or a clan, or the seniority in a family, created by using some special generational methods of forming Chinese names, based mainly upon the characteristics of the Chinese language and its writing system.
EN
The name of God is the most sacred name. By the grace of the Lord, who wanted to reveal himself to Moses, the relationship of the Israelites with God has reached a unique character. The name is something special. Thanks to his acquaintance, someone previously unknown becomes closer to us and thus we enter a completely different level of knowledge. The Old Testament messages provide information about God's name, which did not always sound the same, and was not even identified with one and the same person. Many exegeses, both in Poland and abroad, have taken up the subject of the variety of God's names in the Old Testament. Among them, J. Day, M.S. Smith, M. Uglorz, W.F. Albright, whose monographs have been a valuable help in the development of this article, deserve special attention. Thanks to the findings of Ugarit, the name of God began to be looked at from another, previously unknown site. The mythologies of the countries neighbouring Canaan have had a considerable impact on the beliefs of the protoplasts of the Israeli nation, leaving behind traces that cannot be omitted during a thorough analysis of the original text. The aim of the article is to analyze the names of the God of Israel. In the beginning, there is a brief information about the discoveries in Ugarit, which seemed to be necessary in the undertaken topic. Next, an etymological analysis of the names of God was carried out, comparing them to the text of Targumu Neofiti 1 and LXX, and the development of worship of individual names of God in Biblical Israel was presented.
PL
Imię Boga to imię najświętsze. Dzięki łasce Pana, który zechciał się objawić Mojżeszowi, relacja Izraelitów z Bogiem osiągnęła wyjątkowy charakter. Imię jest czymś szczególnym. Dzięki jego znajomości, ktoś dotychczas nieznany staje się nam bliższy a co za tym idzie wchodzimy na zupełnie inny poziom znajomości. Starotestamentowe przekazy dostarczają informacji o Bożym imieniu, które nie zawsze brzmiało tak samo, a nawet nie było utożsamiane z jedną i tą samą osobą. Wielu egzegetów, zarówno na gruncie polskim jak i światowym podejmowało temat różnorodności imion Boga w Starym Testamencie. Wśród nich na szczególną uwagę zasługują J. Day, M.S. Smith, M. Uglorz, W.F. Albright, których monografie stały się cenną pomocą przy powstawaniu tego artykułu. Dzięki znaleziskom z Ugarit na imię boże zaczęto patrzeć z innej, nieznanej dotąd strony. Mitologie krajów sąsiadujących z Kanaanem wywarły niemały wpływ na wierzenia protoplastów narodu izraelskiego pozostawiając po sobie ślady, które przy wnikliwej analizie tekstu oryginalnego nie sposób pominąć. Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy imion Boga Izraela. Na wstępie przedstawiono krótką informację na temat odkryć w Ugarit, co wydawało się niezbędne w podjętym temacie. Następnie przeprowadzono analizę etymologiczną imion Boga dokonując porównania z tekstem Targumu Neofiti 1 i LXX oraz przedstawiono rozwój kultu poszczególnych imion Boga na terenie biblijnego Izraela.  
PL
Artykuł ukazuje Zamość i Zamojszczyznę w kontekście dialektalnej mapy kresów południowowschodnich z charakterystycznymi interferencjami ukraińskimi, które stanowią odbicie historycznych dziejów politycznych i osadniczo-etnicznych tych terenów, sięgających czasów plemiennych. Mapę tę wyznaczają cechy tekstów gwarowych i środowiskowych (dawne i współczesne) oraz różnorakie onimy (nazwy miejscowe, nazwy osobowe, wyznania kościołów i cerkwi oraz inne). Poza regionalnym językiem Zamojszczyzna manifestuje odrębność poprzez swoją literaturę, folklor, życie kulturalne i naukowe (z historyczną Akademię Zamojską), rangę swoich zabytków (z Zamościem jako miastem wpisanym na listę światowego dziedzictwa kulturowego) oraz walory krajobrazowo-turystyczne (z Roztoczańskim Parkiem Narodowym, kilkoma parkami krajobrazowymi i rezerwatami).
EN
This paper is a brief presentation of the town of Zamość and the Zamość Region in the context of the map of dialects spoken in the historical territories of South-Eastern Borderlands. The dialect spoken there contains a lot of Ukrainian linguistic interferences, which mirror the political, ethnic and civilization history of this land, reaching back to the tribal roots. The map is delineated by the particular features of the dialectal and sub-dialectal texts (old and modern) as well as a variety of names (place names, personal names, names of churches, etc.). Apart from its regional language variety, the region of Zamość is distinctive for its literature, folklore, cultural and academic life (historic Zamość Academia), a whole range of the highest class architectural sights (Zamość as a town is placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List), spectacular geographical and tourist surroundings (including the Roztocze National Natural Park, some landscape parks and nature reserves).
EN
The aim of the present paper is to describe the different variants of transliteration and transcrip­tion of Belarusian words, especially names and place names. In the article the most common inter­national, Belarusian and Polish variants of the Belarusian alphabet transliteration and transcription were presented. There is need to work out one international names and place names transliteration standard.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnych wariantów transliteracji i transkrypcji wyrazów białoruskich, zwłaszcza nazwisk i nazw geograficznych. W tekście zaprezentowano najpopularniej­sze międzynarodowe, białoruskie i polskie systemy transliteracji i transkrypcji alfabetu białoru­skiego oraz podkreślono ogromną potrzebę wypracowania jednego międzynarodowego standardu transliteracji, odnoszącego się zarówno do nazwisk, jak i nazw geograficznych.
EN
Creativity and Originality in the Naming of Culinary Products on the Example of Ham Names in Polish The article presents and analyzes ham names in the Polish language. In Polish (possibly Slavic) onomastics, the names of products are the subject of chrematonomastic research and are called chrematonyms. These are names that on the one hand identify the product and on the other hand are often of advertising character, and their aim is to arouse the interest of the potential buyer. The article focuses on naming process of product names. At first glance, it can be seen that producers exhibit enormous creativity in this area to evoke specific associations in consumers. We also try to answer the question of how much the name of the product underlines its value. In this perspective, the names of goods become part of the marketing strategy of producers.
DE
Im Beitrag werden polnische Schinkennamen präsentiert und analysiert. In der polnischen (bzw. slawischen) Onomastik gehören Warennamen zum Forschungsfeld der Chrematonomastik und werden Chrematonyme genannt. Es handelt sich um Warennamen, die das Produkt einerseits identifizieren sollen, andererseits aber oft einen werbenden Charakter besitzen, was bedeutet, dass sie Interesse am Kauf und Aufmerksamkeit potentieller Käufer wecken sollen. Es wird auch auf ihre Bildungsweise eingegangen. Besonders im Falle von polnischen Namen fällt ins Auge, dass die Produzenten mit großer Kreativität die Warennamen bilden, um bei den Konsumenten gewisse Assoziationen anzusprechen oder gar hervorzurufen. Wir versuchen auch auf die Frage einzugehen, in wieweit die Namen den Wert der von ihnen bezeichneten Produkte hervorheben bzw. „nobilitieren“. Aus dieser Perspektive scheinen die Warennamen ein Teil der Marketingstrategie der Firmen zu sein.
EN
A perplexity about singular existence statements (for example, ‘Socrates exists’) is that for their negations to be true their subject terms do not name anything. For example, in ‘Pegasus does not exist’ ‘does not exist’ is not said in respect to the referent of ‘Pegasus’ since there is none. But, then, in respect to what is that said? The paper answers the question by proposing a metalinguistic interpretation of singular existence statements, according to which singular existence statements are about names. It is argued that this interpretation fits in well with Frege’s views on existence, presupposition, and his idea that names have senses.
EN
Encrypted in Derrida’s contribution to the Capri Seminar on Religion in 1994 are three retrievals: of his discussions of speech and of systems of inscription; of a concealment of splittings in the supposed continuities of traditions; and of a complicity between the operations of religion and those of a dissipation of the unities of science, Enlightenment, and knowledge, into proliferating autotelic tele-technologies. These retrievals take place between the lines of this discussion of faith, knowledge and religion, which arrives in two halves, each in twenty-six sections. The first half arrives in italics, as spoken on the day, and ends by invoking Voltaire on toleration and a contrast between Christianity as Institution and Christianity as the legacy of Jesus and the Apostles. The second half, appended as a written supplement, with footnotes, is signed and dated April 26, 1995. Husserl’s epoche arrives as recurrent performance, challenging the unity of Heidegger’s Ereignis; contrasting modes for the arrival of futurity are invoked in a juxtaposition of the names: Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, and Bergson, thus providing more than two sources for Derrida’s meditations on religion.
PL
Artykuł jest częścią cyklu publikacji eksplorujących dziedzictwo Karola Wojtyły – papieża Jana Pawła II. Tym razem autor podejmuje próbę językowej i kulturologicznej rekonstrukcji międzywojennych Wadowic zwerbalizowanych w opracowaniu historyka sztuki Michała Rożka i fotografa Adama Bujaka. Dawne nazwy miejscowości, postacie i różne obiekty architektoniczne służą odtworzeniu atmosfery miasta, w którym dorastał kolejny następca św. Pawła.
EN
The article is a part of cycle of publications exploring the heritage of Karol Wojtyła – pope John Paul II. This time the author attempts at a linguistic and culturological reconstruction of the interwar Wadowice verbalized in the study of art historian Michał Rożek and photographer Adam Bujak. Old names of places, characters and various architectonic objects premitted to recreate the atmosphere of the town in which the next successor of Saint Paul was growing up.
20
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Fregowska kategoria Bedeutung

63%
EN
The paper concerns Frege’s notion of Bedeutung. My main thesis is that Frege notion of meaning should be understand as a truth-value potential of an expression rather than reference/denotation. This interpretation allow us to treat homogenously Bedeutung of names, sentences and predicates. It should be obvious in the case of predicates, because Bedeutung of predicates aren’t some objects, but some functions (something ‘unsaturated’). Therefore, the name-relation (relation name-referent) cannot be implied in the very meaning of the word ‘Bedeutung’.
PL
W artykule omawiam Fregowską kategorię Bedeutung. Główną tezą artykułu jest to, że za Fregowskie znaczenie (Bedeutung) należy uznać potencjał wartości logicznej wyrażenia, a nie referencję czy też denotację. Za pomocą tej interpretacji możemy w sposób jednorodny ująć znaczenie nazw, zdań oraz predykatów. Powinna być ona oczywista w przypadku predykatów, ponieważ znaczeniem (Bedeutung) predykatów nie jest żaden przedmiot, lecz funkcja (coś ‘nienasyconego’). Z tego względu, relacja nazwowa (relacja nazwa-nośnik) nie powinna być wpisana w samo znaczenie słowa ‘Bedeutung’.
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