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Wyraz "gildia" w dawnej i współczesnej polszczyźnie

100%
Młynarczyk E.
Język Polski
|
2020
|
vol. 100
|
issue 3
113-120
PL
W artykule bliższemu oglądowi poddano rozwój znaczeniowy leksemu gildia. Wzięto pod uwagę dane etymologiczne, leksykograficzne (ze słowników ogólnych historycznych i współczesnych) oraz tekstowe (z korpusu oraz z Internetu). W świetle danych etymologicznych leksem gildia wywodzi się z tego samego źródła, co giełda, ale wyrazy te uległy rozpodobnieniu i funkcjonowały jako odrębne jednostki. Dane leksykograficzne wskazują, że wyraz giełda funkcjonuje w polszczyźnie ogólnej w kilku znaczeniach, natomiast wyraz gildia w znaczeniach ‘stowarzyszenie kupieckie’ i ‘klasa kupiecka’ uznaje się współcześnie za historyzm, jest on jednak obecny w nowych kontekstach interpretacyjnych. Występuje jako komponent nazw własnych z zakresu chrematonimii społecznościowej (w nazwach stowarzyszeń) i marketingowej (w nazwach firm). Ponadto leksem gildia zyskuje nowe, dodatkowe znaczenie w słownictwie specjalistycznym graczy komputerowych. Rozwój omawianego wyrazu jest przykładem szerszych tendencji występujących w leksyce najnowszej polszczyzny.
EN
The paper is dedicated to a close analysis of the semantic development of the lexeme "gildia". The author considered etymological data, lexicographic information (from historical and contemporary general dictionaries), as well as textual data (from the corpus and the Internet). From the etymological perspective, the lexeme "gildia" is derived from the same source as "giełda", but the words were dissimilated and functioned as separate units. Lexicographic data indicate that the word "giełda" is used in general Polish in a few meanings, while the word "gildia" – as ‘merchants’ association’ and ‘merchants’ class’ and is contemporarily regarded as a historicism, however, it is still present in new contexts. It is used as a component of proper names from the field of social chrematonymy (in names of associations) and marketing chrematonymy (in names of companies). Moreover, the lexeme "gildia" acquires a new additional meaning in specialist vocabulary of computer players. The development of the word discussed is an example of broader trends which are visible in the lexis of contemporary Polish.
2
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Komponenty eksponujące cechę żeńskości w nazwach stowarzyszeń II Rzeczpospolitej

100%
Karamańska M., Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
|
2019
|
issue 14
67-78
XX
The material basis of the paper are the names of Polish female associations from the 30s of the 20th century. The analysis involves components used to expose feminine qualities – general names (kobieta, pani, niewiasta – ‘woman, lady’), as well as detailed ones, which were categorised according to the information they contain. These are the elements of the world, which in addition to gender, constitute a basis for communality of the members: social and professional status, educational background, participation in military activities, social activity sphere, or common interests. The material presented in the paper shows that in the Second Polish Republic the need for exposing femininity and emphasising communality was very strong in the names of associations.
3
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Językowy obraz troski o II Rzeczpospolitą utrwalony w nazwach stowarzyszeń

100%
Karamańska M., Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
|
2018
|
issue 13
13-24
EN
The article discusses names of associations, hitherto unresearched, from the interwar period in Poland in terms of the linguistic worldview they are a testimony to. Analysing lexical components of the names reflects great care taken of restored statehood in several domains: the Republic’s integration and firm establishment of Polishness throughout, economic and cultural development, civic education and strengthening the state’s defence.
4
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Trends Related to Creating Names in Social Chrematonymy of the Second Polish Republic (Based on the Names of Associations)

80%
Młynarczyk E.
Onomastica
|
2019
|
vol. 63
209-226
EN
Trends Related to Creating Names in Social Chrematonymy of the Second Polish Republic (Based on the Names of Associations) The paper is dedicated to the names of associations from the period of the Second Polish Republic, taken from a publication which is a guide to the rich and differentiated world of the social organizations of the 1930s. The introduction is devoted to the state of Polish linguistic research into the names of organizations. The description of the collected material is based on the concept of social chrematonymy by Artur Gałkowski. Next, the names are investigated from both a structural and a semantic perspective. The following elements are regarded as distinct qualities of the naming structures: descriptive character, multicomponent structure, development of right-sided attributives, insignificant share of names with a separate distinctive element, including some other types of proper names as components (toponyms, anthroponyms, names of historical events). Also, lexemes in the function of the main component of the analysed structures - nouns having the semantic value of ‘formalized group of people’ – have been presented. When analysing the semantic aspect of names of organizations more closely, the author indicates the most frequently exposed bases of community feeling of members. Those could be: common experience, social and professional status, the purpose of activity, gender, generation, religious identity, nationality, ideology, place of activity or founding an organization. In the majority of names, various elements of community feeling are combined. Finally, attention is paid to the tremendous informative value present in the names of associations, connected with their descriptive quality. The close link between socioideonyms and the reality they are connected with means that they are bearers of various historical-cultural contents. Therefore, the names of associations, especially historical ones, might be an interesting object of culture-oriented linguistic studies.
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