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The authors present the concept of Homi K. Bhabha, literature expert and representative of postcolonialism, and its contribution into the theory of collective identity. In fact, Bhabhabelieves that each nation is exposed to dissemination. Nowadays, national identity is only possible as a result of negotiations taking place in the third space between old national elites and new minorities. Thus, one may claim that Bhabhatakes a constructivist standpoint which became consolidated in the 1980s in the research into social sciences, which means that the nation is essentially treated not as the essence but as a product of construction. Yet, Bhabhadoes not follow that standpoint uncritically, because in his opinion, it treats the construction of a nation in an excessively unilateral manner. He compares the process involving creation of national identity to development of individual identity as defined in psychoanalysis. Indeed, Bhabha’s psychoanalytical assumptions emphasise what is strange, what is remarkable, what is not integrated in the prevailing opinion, but what is continuously threading its way towards national narration, yet its appearance is not controllable. Not only is the future ahead of us, but so is the past, as claims Bhabhafrom the psychoanalytical perspective, because new articulation and the shift of meaning on the margins of national community forcecontinuous re-establishment of traditions.
EN
The article aims at presenting Stanisław Kowalczyk’s most important – according to the author – academic achievement, that is the personalistic conception of society. Presentation of this conception starts with defining the peculiarity of Kowalczyk’s personalism against the background of other approaches, and with a brief justification of giving the approach the name of the personalistic-nationalist one. This is connected with a special significance that is given in this conception to analyses concerning the issues of society, culture and politics. Next, the most important questions connected with the understanding of the human person and his attributes are discussed. This has allowed passing to the question of the origin and nature of human society, especially in its natural form of the family and of the family of families, that is to the nation. The analysis further developed towards presenting the most important principles and values of social life. The last of the tackled subjects are politicalsystemic issues. The present argument is focused on the questions that are most important for the conception of society in Kowalczyk’s approach, so that its coherence, synthetic character and homogeneity, despite tackling many aspects of social life, can be shown.
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