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Teksty narracyjne – analiza strukturalno-funkcjonalna

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Garbula J. M.

Prima Educatione

2020

vol. 4

There is a relationship between language, thought and reality. Language is the principal factor influencing the shape of our insight, judgements, knowledge and customs, while narrative enables people to tell others about the essence of the reality they are creating. Both the content and construction are important in a narrative, but it is construction that forms the basis for the considerations presented in this article. The study opens with definitions of such terms as the narrative text, narrative, narratology, specific nature of a narrative structure, as understood from the viewpoint of different sciences, and with the presentation of the foundations concerning the structural and functional analysis of narrative texts in the light of the theories coined by de Saussure, Rosner, Barthes and Todorov. Emphasis is laid on the analysis of narrative structures proposed by Propp, the author of general patterns for constructing stories. It is useful in studies on different systems of culture, including mass culture. Moreover, it often forms a basis for analyzing narratives in films, as well as other types of oral or written narratives. Propp’s morphology has also been applied to analyze some narratives used in school education.

Istnieje związek między językiem, myślą a rzeczywistością. Język jest głównym czynnikiem wpływającym na kształt naszych spostrzeżeń, sądów, wiedzy i zwyczajów, a narracja umożliwia ludziom opowiedzenie o sensie konstruowanej przez siebie rzeczywistości. W narracji liczy się nie tylko treść, ale i konstrukcja, która stała się podstawą rozważań w niniejszym artykule. Artykuł rozpoczyna się od ustaleń terminologicznych (tekst narracyjny, narracja, narratologia, swoistość narracyjnej struktury), rozpatrywanych z punktu widzenia różnych nauk, a także od przedstawienia założeń dotyczących analizy strukturalno-funkcjonalnej tekstów narracyjnych w świetle teorii de Saussure’a, Rosner, Barthes’a i Todorova. W opracowaniu położono nacisk na analizę struktur narracyjnych zaproponowaną przez Proppa, twórcę ogólnych wzorców budowania opowieści. Jest ona przydatna do badań nad różnymi systemami kultury, w tym kultury masowej. Ponadto stanowi podstawę do analiz narracji filmowych czy też różnego typu narracji ustnych i pisanych. Morfologię Proppa wykorzystano również w badaniach wybranych tekstów narracyjnych w szkole.

Approcci interdisciplinari: letteratura e cartografia. Tra immagini e parole

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Di Pasquale F.

e-Scripta Romanica

2017

vol. 4

43-53

For twenty years, a large number of works have been devoted to studying the inclusion of literature in space and the representation of places in literary texts. This interest in space issues seems to fit in both the evolution of literary genres, characterized by an increasing spatialization of narrative forms, and the development of artistic practices related to the creation of literary maps. After what has been termed the spatial turn in literary and cultural studies, critics have focused their attention on the relationships among space, place and mapping in literature. This aspect is one of the most interesting themes in the field of Geocriticism. This paper aims to study this “convergence” between literature and cartography, examining the textuality of literary maps and, in particular, their rhetorical dimension. Literary maps can represent the story setting, allowing the author to build a fictional world that readers explore with the characters.

Nell’ultimo ventennio, un numero importante di lavori sono stati consacrati allo studio della rappresentazione dello spazio nei testi letterari. Tale interesse sembra inscriversi sia nell’evoluzione dei generi, caratterizzati da una spazializzazione crescente delle forme narrative, sia nello sviluppo di pratiche artistiche legate alla creazione di carte letterarie. In seguito all’affermarsi dello spatial turn negli studi letterari e culturali, parte della critica ha focalizzato la sua attenzione sulla relazione che intercorre tra spazio immaginario, spazio referenziale e pratica cartografica. Quest’ultimo aspetto costituisce uno dei temi più interessanti della metodologia geocritica. Il presente articolo mira a studiare questa “convergenza” tra la letteratura e la cartografia, con l’intento di esaminare la testualità delle carte letterarie e, in particolare, la loro dimensione retorica. Le carte letterarie sono in grado di rappresentare i luoghi in cui si svolge l’azione di un romanzo, o di più romanzi, permettendo allo scrittore di costruire un mondo immaginario che i lettori esplorano assieme ai personaggi.

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Teksty narracyjne – analiza strukturalno-funkcjonalna

Approcci interdisciplinari: letteratura e cartografia. Tra immagini e parole