This article analyses political ideas of Jedrzej Giertych presented in 1929 -1939 period, when he was one of leading proponents of the ‘young’ fraction of the Polish National Party, populary known as Endecja. Giertych’s writings were shown as part of the degeneration process of endecian political thought, early endecian political realism was substituted by fantasies and conspiracy theories, taken from fringe to the core of endecian ideology. Giertych blamed democracy and liberalism as results of ‘Jewish -freemasonic conspiracy’, to which belonged also the Commmunist International. The rise of Italian Fascism, German hitlerism and Franco’s rebelion in Spain were for Giertych sources of hope as a part of the chain of ‘nationalist revolutions’ passed through Europe. Giertych promoted a nationalists revolution in Poland and also demanded total expulsion of Jews form Poland with confiscating all Jewish property. His idea of ‘national government’ was very unclear, certeinly he expected one -party endecian rule, excluding free elections. In economic policy ‘national government’ ought to prefer small bussines and actively decentralized industrial production. It is argued that generally, Giertych’s political writings pave the way to the transformation of the Endecian ideology – from political realism to antimodern utopia.
The focus of the article is a discussion of numerous press publications on the development of the situation of the Jewish population in Germany under Hitler’s administration in the second half of the 1930s. The analyzed material includes articles, reports, columns and press notes that appeared in “Prosto z mostu”, a weekly published in Warsaw until 1935 (nominally it was a literary-artistic periodical but in fact its profile was mainly political). “Prosto z mostu” was undoubtedly one of the most interesting journals released in Poland in the last interwar years. The weekly was closely connected with the milieu of the so called national youth, which in the second decade of Poland’s independence significantly increased its activity and social influence. The editor-in-chief of “Prosto z mostu” was Stanisław Piasecki and among its journalists were leading young politicians and ideologists of a broadly understood national camp, including Jan Mosdorf and Wojciech Wasiutyński, as well as representatives of a much older generation such as Aleksander Świętochowski and Adolf Nowaczyński.
The NLOW (National People's Military Organisation, NPMO) did not accept the idea of a federation (the Polish-Czechoslovak union, Jagiellonian idea, idea of Intermarium). The basis of its concept of Poland's security was the national state with strategic boundaries: in the west (the Oder – the Lusatian Neisse), north (from the Oder to Courland), east (Dmowski’s line). Neighbours adjacent to it would enter the Polish security area. Belarusian and Ukrainian minorities would be subject to gradual assimilation. Lithuania would have national and cultural autonomy within Poland. Germans and Jews would be banished from it. In order to stop the imperialism of Germany and the USSR, Poland would organize a block of Slav national states (the West Slavonic State). It would be responsible for foreign and military policy. It would also include a close alliance with Catholic national states (Latin block).
W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie działalność polityczną Romana Rybarskiego, zaliczanego do czołowych przywódców obozu narodowego. W sposób szczególny zarysowano jego wkład w rozwój polskiej myśli politycznej. Ważną datą w jego politycznej biografii był rok 1919, kiedy to Rybarski został powołany w charakterze eksperta polskiej delegacji na konferencję pokojową w Paryżu. Po powrocie uaktywnił się politycznie, wiążąc się z kolejnymi organizacjami obozu narodowego. Formułując nie tylko program gospodarczy, ale także poglądy na naród i społeczeństwo, stawał się ich ważnym ideologiem. W latach 1928– 1935 zasiadał w Sejmie II i III kadencji, gdzie pełnił funkcję prezesa Klubu Narodowego. W artykule poruszono również kwestie dotyczące współpracy Rybarskiego z Romanem Dmowskim, jak i okoliczności narastających między nimi rozbieżności politycznych.
EN
In this paper an analysis of Roman Rybarski’s political activity has been done, who was one of the most prominent leader of national camp. In a special way his contribution in polish political thought is outlined. In his political biography an important date was 1919, when R. Rybarski was appointed as an expert of polish delegation to Paris peace conference. After his return, he activated himself politically, linking with numerous national camp organizations. Formulating not only economic program but also his views on nation and society, thus he became an important ideologist of national camp. In period 1928–1935 he sat as a deputy in second and third term Sejm, where he performed the function of National Club chairman. In this paper are also other issues raised, such as R. Rybarski collaboration with Roman Dmowski, as well as tensions and political discrepancies between them.
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