Search results

1

Pojęcie i źródła prawa międzynarodowego.

100%

Chmielowiec A.

Roczniki Administracji i Prawa

|

2013

|

vol. 13

89-101

PL

Przez stulecia kwestia wzajemnych relacji między prawem międzynarodowym a prawem krajowym nie wzbudzała większego zainteresowania; fakt ten był ściśle skorelowany z tym, że działały one na różnych płaszczyznach. Prawo krajowe regulowało stosunki wewnętrzne w państwie, zaś międzynarodowe było głównie prawem wojny. Dziś w zasadzie nie ma już dziedziny, której prawo międzynarodowe nie obejmowałoby swoimi regulacjami, dlatego też zagadnienie miejsca i roli norm prawnomiędzynarodowych w wewnętrznym porządku prawnym ma dziś coraz większe znaczenie praktyczne. Dotyczy to sfery gospodarki, relacji dyplomatycznych i konsularnych, norm związanych z przestrzenią kosmiczną, prawa konfliktów zbrojnych, a w szczególnym stopniu ochrony praw człowieka. Właśnie ze względu na tak szerokie spectrum regulacji prawa międzynarodowego już na etapie formułowania definicji napotykamy na szereg problematycznych kwestii. Współczesne prawo międzynarodowe nie może już dłużej być charakteryzowane jedynie jako normy regulujące wzajemne relacje międzypaństwowe, nawet jeśli opis ten połączony jest z zastrzeżeniami czy wyjątkami. Prawo rządzące stosunkami między państwami jest bowiem jedną z wielu, lecz nie jedyną, większą jego kategorią. Prawo międzynarodowe to specyficzny porządek prawny zorganizowanej społeczności globalnej ustanowionej na bazie państwowej, dzięki czemu normy te spełniają wielorakie funkcje poprzez szereg międzynarodowych regulacji czy też instytucji o charakterze powszechnym, regionalnym i wielostronnym. Dlatego właśnie obecnie przyjmuje się, że prawo międzynarodowe to zbiór norm prawnych regulujących stosunki wzajemne pomiędzy państwami, państwami a innymi podmiotami, a także między innymi podmiotami prawa międzynarodowego.

EN

For hundreds of years mutual relationships between the international and the national law had not aroused much interest, which was closely connected with the fact that they existed at different levels. The national law regulated internal relationships within the state whereas the international law was predominantly the law of war. Currently, there is no area that is not covered by regulations of the international law. Therefore, the issue of place and role of legal international standards in the internal law is currently is gaining practical significance in the areas like economy, diplomatic and consular relationships, standards for the cosmic space, the law of military conflicts, and protection of human rights in particular. Due to such a wide range of areas covered by the international law, numerous problems arise at the stage of formulating a definition. Current international law can no longer be regarded as only regulatory standards of mutual international relationships, even if the description includes reservations or exceptions. The law regulating relationships between states constitutes one of its many significant parts, but not the only one. The international law is a specific legal system of organised global society established on the state basis, due to which these standards fulfil various roles through a number of international regulations or institutions acting at common, regional and multi-lateral level. Therefore, it iscurrently assumed that the international law is a set of legal standards regulating mutual relationships between states, states and other entities as well as other entities under the international law.

2

Partnerstwo innowacyjne – pomoc w rozwoju innowacyjnej gospodarki?

100%

Panasiuk A.

Kontrola Państwowa

|

2015

|

vol. 60

|

issue 1 (360)

155-165

EN

In the light of the provisions of the set of new directives of 2014 that regulate public procurement issues, public procurement is bound to boost the innovativeness of the Union’s economy. Among the legal instruments set forth in directive No 2014/24, there is innovative partnership, which is a special procedure that allows contracting parties to establish a long term cooperation with contractors, based on partnership, and aimed at developing and purchasing a new innovative product, service or construction work. In his article, the author analyses legal solutions provided for innovative partnership, comprised in the said directive. Simultaneously, he discusses potential dangers and interpretation doubts that may influence the understanding of this solution. And – which is clear – national legislation in this area is defined by the European regulations that, when changed, make it necessary to transpose new legal solutions to the national law, and therefore can affect the proper implementation of innovative partnership to the national law.

3

Legal and political aspects of space mining

100%

Polkowska M.

Polish Journal of Political Science

|

2020

|

vol. 6

|

issue 4

61-83

EN

In recent years, there has been a great interest of states and international corporations in the problem of obtaining raw materials from celestial bodies. Space mining is a future branch of industry that does not exist yet, related to the extraction of natural resources from celestial bodies. Although we currently bring from space at most samples of material for research, serious companies have been established that deal with the development of technologies related to the extraction of raw materials. Today, space mining is treated as an inevitable and important element of the future world economy. Moreover, it is already a source of conflicts. Space mining is of interest mainly to those countries which have not been endowed by nature with deposits of rare raw materials sufficient to meet the needs and ambitions, and private entities encouraged by the scale of potential profits. The flagship example of the first type is the United States, for which the ultimate goal of the space programme is the expansion of humanity throughout the solar system; it also counts on quick and big profits. For years, the Americans have been concerned about maintaining freedom of action, e.g. by remaining outside the regime of the Moon Treaty; they even introduced in their domestic legislation preliminary regulations regarding extraterrestrial extraction and ownership of raw materials.

4

The Normative Points of Fighting Against Terrorism Based on National and International Solutions

88%

Latos K.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

|

2019

|

vol. XVI

197-214

EN

The subject of this article are issues connected with normative points of fighting against terrorism based on example of national and interna-tional solutions. The main point of this researchis the analysis of the le-gal systems, which are core elements in the process to fighting against terrorism. The author analysed the most important parts of the counter-terrorism legal and instutional system of the Third Republic in Poland and also few international organisations. The author also represents how important the legal and instutional system is in the process of detecting, countering and fighting against terrosim in today's world.

5

O istocie instytucji prawnej obywatelstwa

88%

Pudzianowska D.

Studia BAS

|

2015

|

issue 4(44)

9-37

EN

The article focuses on the essence of the institution of citizenship by describing its elements which are of constitutive character. It first reviews multiplicity of meanings and applications of this institution and its legal definitions. The author claims that from the legal point of view the relation created by the institution of citizenship is twofold: intrastate, but also legal and international. Therefore, the characteristics of citizenship have to take into consideration this dual character. In the final section she discusses which rights and responsibilities are vital element of institution of citizenship.

6

Multilingual Legislation in the European Union. EU and National Legislative-Language Styles and Terminology

88%

Robertson C.

|

2011

|

vol. 9

|

issue 1

51-67

EN

EU law is multilingual and multi-cultural. It is initially drafted in one language, now frequently English, often by non-native speakers and then translated into the other EU languages. Amendments may be proposed that are drafted in a different language. The result is a single multilingual text created in 23 language versions that are authentic within the context of the EU legal order. These circumstances have led EU legal language to develop its own terminology and legislative style as a separate genre. One question is to identify different national cultural drafting styles and traditions that lie behind the creation of EU legislative texts and terminology. The Member State traditions vary, yet they merge in the EU legislative texts. In order to assist in the understanding of EU legislative texts, it is useful to reflect on how they are constructed and the features and requirements lying behind their creation, interpretation and transposition. One approach is to consider a specific piece of EU text in a range of languages and consider how the text is reproduced in each language in terms of structure and terminology. Since the original draft is frequently made by non-native speakers and then translated into the other EU languages, which are bound by the structure of the base version, we obtain little information from it about divergent national linguistic and legislative methods. However, if the EU text is a directive which is transposed into national law, we should be able also to look at the national implementing legislation intended to implement the directive. The implementing texts are produced within the national legal context and, one assumes, aim at similar results, as laid down by the directive. Thus it could be expected that they should provide vehicles for study between the national systems and between each national system and the EU legal order. The paper explores these ideas to see where they lead.

7

Multilingual Legislation in the European Union. EU and National Legislative-Language Styles and Terminology

88%

Robertson C.

|

2011

|

vol. 9

|

issue 1

51-67

EN

EU law is multilingual and multi-cultural. It is initially drafted in one language, now frequently English, often by non-native speakers and then translated into the other EU languages. Amendments may be proposed that are drafted in a different language. The result is a single multilingual text created in 23 language versions that are authentic within the context of the EU legal order. These circumstances have led EU legal language to develop its own terminology and legislative style as a separate genre.One question is to identify different national cultural drafting styles and traditions that lie behind the creation of EU legislative texts and terminology. The Member State traditions vary, yet they merge in the EU legislative texts. In order to assist in the understanding of EU legislative texts, it is useful to reflect on how they are constructed and the features and requirements lying behind their creation, interpretation and transposition.One approach is to consider a specific piece of EU text in a range of languages and consider how the text is reproduced in each language in terms of structure and terminology. Since the original draft is frequently made by non-native speakers and then translated into the other EU languages, which are bound by the structure of the base version, we obtain little information from it about divergent national linguistic and legislative methods. However, if the EU text is a directive which is transposed into national law, we should be able also to look at the national implementing legislation intended to implement the directive. The implementing texts are produced within the national legal context and, one assumes, aim at similar results, as laid down by the directive. Thus it could be expected that they should provide vehicles for study between the national systems and between each national system and the EU legal order. The paper explores these ideas to see where they lead.

8

Kara śmierci a prawa człowieka

75%

Migdał M.

Studia Prawnicze KUL

|

2019

|

issue 2

277-297

EN

This study has attempted to present an axiological perspective of death penalty based on international standards, including the human rights, life protection and the prohibition of torture and inhuman, cruel or degrading treatment or punishment, by presenting protection systems for such world organisations as the United Nations, the European Union and the domestic ones concluded primarily in the Constitution of Poland

PL

W artykule starano się przedstawić perspektywę aksjologiczną kary śmierci, opierając się o standardy międzynarodowe, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ochrony praw człowieka, ochrony życia i zakazu tortur, oraz nieludzkiego, okrutnego lub poniżającego traktowania lub karania, poprzez przedstawienie systemów ochrony takich organizacji światowych jak: ONZ, Rada Europy, Unia Europejska oraz wewnątrzkrajowych zawartych przede wszystkim w Konstytucji RP.

9

Miejsce umów międzynarodowych w porządku prawnym Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

63%

Borski M.

Roczniki Administracji i Prawa

|

2014

|

vol. 14/2

17-32

PL

Otwarcie Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na prawo międzynarodowe i procesy integracyjne wyraża się przede wszystkim w regulacjach rozdziału I zatytułowanego „Rzeczpospolita”, zawierającego normy dotyczące ustroju i podstawowych instytucji społeczeństwa i państwa. Oczywiście ważne zasady ustrojowe znajdują się również w innych rozdziałach Konstytucji, a także wynikają z interpretacji zawartych w niej przepisów. Właśnie Konstytucja z 1997 r. – po raz pierwszy w historii polskiego konstytucjonalizmu – szerzej podjęła tę problematykę, a w szczególności kwestię obecności prawa międzynarodowego w polskim porządku prawnym. Jest to – jak podkreśla m.in. L. Garlicki – problem o znacznym stopniu sporności na skalę światową. W rozdziale I polskiej Konstytucji, w art. 9, zapisano jedną z zasad o niewątpliwie fundamentalnym znaczeniu ustrojowym w państwie: „Rzeczpospolita Polska przestrzega wiążącego ją prawa międzynarodowego”. Spośród przepisów Konstytucji odnoszących się do prawa międzynarodowego, ten ma najbardziej ogólny charakter. Podkreślono w nim wobec społeczności międzynarodowej, że Polska jest państwem prawa także w stosunkach zewnętrznych. Zastosowano przy tym formułę szerszą niż zasada pacta sunt servanda z Konwencji wiedeńskiej o prawie traktatów z roku 1969, gdyż mowa jest o całym prawie międzynarodowym, obejmującym także powszechnie uznane zasady prawa międzynarodowego oraz prawo zwyczajowe

EN

Openness of Polish Republic Constitution for international law and integration processes is expressed mainly in regulations of the Ist chapter entitled ”the Republic”, including norms concerning the system and basic institutions of society and country. Obviously, important system principles can be found also in other chapters of the Constitution. They also result from interpretations of regulations included in it. The Constitution from 1997, for the first time in Polish constitutionalism, deals with those problematic aspects, and in particular with the issue of international law presence in the Polish legal order. As L. Garlicki emphasizes it is a problem of a considerable debatability on a world scale. In the first chapter of the the Polish Constitution in art. 9 we can find one of the rules that is of fundamental constitutional meaning in the state: “The Republic of Poland shall respect international law binding upon it”. It has the most general character among other rules referring to international law. It has been emphasized in it towards international society that Poland is a legal state also in respect of foreign relations. A clause that is wider in its sense than the principle pacta sunt servanda from Vienna Convention on Treaties Law from 1969, was applied because it covers the whole international law, including also commonly known principles of international law and common law.

10

Security and Public Order in Polish Public Law

63%

Brakoniecki D.

Internal Security

|

2017

|

vol. 9(1)

109-122

EN

In this paper the author discusses the position and role of security and public order in the Polish public law system. The division into public law and private law included is not the first. It is derived from the work of Ulpian, and was later included in the Digest of Justinian. Its further development, depending on the region, accepted political ideology and the philosophy of law, took on a different shape, determining the way of perceiving the law. It should be assumed that the concept of separation between public law and private law is the domain of substantive law, and its application is primarily found in scientific digressions. The considerations are of theoretical nature, pointing to the scope of application of the concept of security, which is wrongly equated with the concept of public order, in various legal acts ranging from acts in law and international law, through executive acts, to local law and internal ordinance regulations. These have recently shown a dramatic increase in the role of security and public order in the decision-makers and legislators conceptions. Despite the importance and demand for the good of public security and public order, which is at the same time one of the basic functions of public administration, the legislator has only presented this issue in a fragmented way, referring only to particular areas of law which, despite use by numerous judicators, still raise some doubts in respect of interpretation. In the area of the issue discussed, the author also points to the tendency of blurring the boundary between the sphere of public law and the sphere of private law, in particular by dislocating public service provision in the field of public security and order, to paid for services provided by private parties in this area. The result of this synthesis is a partial indication of the dangers resulting from differences in the constitutional guarantees of private and public law.

11

Pierwszeństwo prawa Unii Europejskiej przed prawem krajowym w świetle zmiany przepisów Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na podstawie wyroku w sprawie europejskiego nakazu aresztowania

63%

Jacolik M.

Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM

|

2018

|

issue 8

43-56

PL

Polska jest członkiem Unii Europejskiej od 1 maja 2004 roku. Od tego momentu jest zobowiązana do przestrzegania prawa unijnego (kiedyś wspólnotowego). Prawo Unii Europejskiej tworzy nowy porządek prawny. Zasada pierwszeństwa prawa Unii przed prawem krajowym jest kluczową zasadą unijnego porządku prawnego. Szczególną uwagę, budzi jednak kwestia zmiany postanowień Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w przypadku kolizji tych dwóch porządków prawnych. Sytuacja taka, miała miejsce na podstawie orzeczenia w sprawie europejskiego nakazu aresztowania, który w niniejszym artykule poddany został analizie. Artykuł przedstawią także charakterystykę tytułowej zasady oraz zwraca uwagę na autonomię prawa Unii Europejskiej względem prawa krajowego.

EN

Poland has been a member of the European Union since May 1st, 2004. From that moment she has been obliged to comply with the EU law (once community law). The law of the European Union creates a new legal order. The principle of the primacy of the EU law against national law is a key principle of the EU legal order. Particular attention, however, is raised by the issue of amending the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland in the event of a conflict between these two legal orders. Such a situation took place on the basis of a ruling regarding the european arrest warrant which was analyzed in this article. The paper also presents the characteristics of the principle in question and draws attention to the autonomy of the European Union law towards the national law.

12

Rola polskiego parlamentu w systemie organów wdrażających wyroki Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka

63%

Grzelak-Bach K., Karski K.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2020

|

issue 5(160)

9-34

EN

The study presents selected issues related to the role of the national parliament in the implementation and execution of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). It presents the specificity of the national law-making process as a system of ad hoc legislation, which to a small extent is a response to international obligations in the field of human rights. The study also attempts to examine the impact of the case law of the ECHR on the national legal system by analyzing the subsequent stages of the legislative process. It emphasizes the role of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, whose task is to ensure that states do not overlook — by their actions or omissions — the effects of judgments. The study attempts to assess the degree of sensitisation and the increase of awareness regarding the significance of the standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Convention) in the national institutions and executive and legislative authorities that actively cooperate with each other. The implementation of the guidelines of correct legislation in the context of human rights is an activity of entities involved in the law-making process which, taking into account the standards of national and international law, shape in a specific manner the situation of individuals as well as of all entities. Parliaments can hold the executive authorities accountable for the execution of obligations by means of various instruments, and thus many legal issues that were the subject of the judgments of the ECHR had significant impact on the legislative process and the undertaking of respective legislative actions towards bringing Polish legislation closer to the standards of the Convention. The Sejm (the Polish Lower House) and the Senate bear enormous responsibility for the quality of the adopted law; at the parliamentary stage the role of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland becomes less leading, but not excluded. This is what determines the unique role of the dialogue between the executive and legislative authorities, which should finalize the vision of the legal regulations closer to human rights in a constructive manner.

13

Restrukturyzacja i uporządkowana likwidacja zakładów ubezpieczeń w prawie krajowym Państw Członkowskich UE – analiza porównawcza

63%

Dobrzańska A.

Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów

|

2023

|

issue 189

147-163

EN

One of the key lessons learnt from the global financial crisis is the necessity to introduce resolution regulations for financial institutions, including insurance undertakings. Even though it has been a decade since the publication of international recommendations on resolution, only three Member States in the European Union have implemented comprehensive resolution frameworks for insurers. The aim of this article is to analyze and compare national legal resolution frameworks adopted in Romania, France and the Netherlands, taking into account the recommendations of the Financial Stability Board. The analysis covers key building blocks of the resolution regulations, i.e. institutional arrangements, planning, objectives and conditions for resolution, resolution tools and financing. The conducted research shows that in many aspects the analyzed national regulations are similar. Nevertheless, the greatest divergencies have been observed in relation to resolution tools and resolution funding, which suggests the need for a Union harmonized approach towards resolution of insurers.

PL

Jednym z kluczowych wniosków wyciągniętych z globalnego kryzysu finansowego jest potrzeba wdrożenia regulacji w zakresie restrukturyzacji i uporządkowanej likwidacji instytucji finansowych, w tym także zakładów ubezpieczeń. Mimo że od publikacji międzynarodowych rekomendacji w tym zakresie minęła już dekada, tylko trzy kraje w Unii Europejskiej wdrożyły kompleksowe regulacje dotyczące resolution zakładów ubezpieczeń. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza i porównanie krajowych rozwiązań w tym zakresie przyjętych w Rumunii, Francji oraz Holandii, z uwzględnieniem wytycznych Rady Stabilności Finansowej. Analiza obejmuje kluczowe elementy składające się na ramy regulacyjne resolution, tj. kwestie instytucjonalne, planowanie, cele i warunki wszczęcia resolution, zestaw narzędzi resolution i finansowanie. Przeprowadzone badanie wskazuje, że w wielu aspektach analizowane regulacje krajowe są podobne. Niemniej jednak największe rozbieżności zaobserwowano w odniesieniu do narzędzi i finansowania resolution, co sugeruje potrzebę wypracowania zharmonizowanego unijnego podejścia do resolution ubezpieczycieli.

14

Prawne i ekonomiczne determinanty konkurencyjności w handlu międzynarodowym – wybrane aspekty z perspektywy konkurencyjności strukturalno-czynnikowej w handlu Polski z krajami Unii Europejskiej

38%

Pluciński E. M., Gryglik D., Stosur A.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

|

2016

|

issue 3

79-104

PL

Niniejsze opracowanie jest próbą identyﬁkacji i określenia współdziałania prawnych i ekonomicznych determinant innowacyjności polskiej gospodarki, a zatem konkurencyjności polskiego handlu na wspólnym rynku Unii Europejskiej, a szerzej rzecz ujmując – w zglobalizowanej gospodarce światowej. Na bazie dogłębnej analizy dynamiki zmian w poziomie konkurencyjności strukturalno-czynnikowej polskiego handlu na rynku UE (wskaźniki RCA oraz IIT w latach 2002–2012) autorzy systematyzują wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne determinanty innowacyjności na poziomie mikro- i makroekonomicznym oraz wskazują na istotę, znaczenie i obszary wyzwań stojących przed polską gospodarką w tym względzie. Obok aspektów polityczno-ekonomicznych (polityka ekonomiczna państwa w krótkim i długim okresie), opracowanie zawiera również wskazania co do uwarunkowań i pożądanych zmian w zakresie prawa krajowego, unijnego i międzynarodowego.

EN

This study is an attempt to identify and deﬁne the cooperation of legal and economic determinants of innovativeness of the Polish economy, and thus the competitiveness of Polish trade in the single market, the European Union and, more broadly speaking – in a globalized world economy. On the basis of thorough analysis of the dynamics of changes in the level of structural competitiveness of Polish trade on the EU market (RCA and IIT indicators in the period of 2002–2012), the authors systematize internal and external determinants of innovation at macro- and microeconomics level and point out the essence, signiﬁ cance and areas of challenges facing the Polish economy in this regard. In addition to political and economic aspects (economic policy in the short and long term), the study also includes indications as to the conditions and desired changes in national, EU and international law.

Refine search results

Pojęcie i źródła prawa międzynarodowego.

Partnerstwo innowacyjne – pomoc w rozwoju innowacyjnej gospodarki?

Legal and political aspects of space mining

The Normative Points of Fighting Against Terrorism Based on National and International Solutions

O istocie instytucji prawnej obywatelstwa

Multilingual Legislation in the European Union. EU and National Legislative-Language Styles and Terminology

Multilingual Legislation in the European Union. EU and National Legislative-Language Styles and Terminology

Kara śmierci a prawa człowieka

Miejsce umów międzynarodowych w porządku prawnym Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

Security and Public Order in Polish Public Law

Pierwszeństwo prawa Unii Europejskiej przed prawem krajowym w świetle zmiany przepisów Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na podstawie wyroku w sprawie europejskiego nakazu aresztowania

Rola polskiego parlamentu w systemie organów wdrażających wyroki Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka

Restrukturyzacja i uporządkowana likwidacja zakładów ubezpieczeń w prawie krajowym Państw Członkowskich UE – analiza porównawcza

Prawne i ekonomiczne determinanty konkurencyjności w handlu międzynarodowym – wybrane aspekty z perspektywy konkurencyjności strukturalno-czynnikowej w handlu Polski z krajami Unii Europejskiej