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EN
Japan 311 earthquake/tsunami and the following nuclear disaster in Fukushima create a strong anti-nuclear public opinion in Taiwan. Thus, the government was forced to seal Taiwan's fourth nuclear power plant at Dragon Gate, wavering its final decision. Nonetheless, the immediate damage caused by the nuclear disaster is far less than earthquake/tsunami. Why should people be scared by the nuclear disaster rather than the huge destructiveness of earthquake/tsunami? Indeed, the real danger after a nuclear disaster is the long-term health risks caused by radiation, but the health risks of unhealthy diet and lifestyle are actually far greater than those from radiation. Since people can accept unhealthy diet and lifestyle, why can't they accept nuclear power plant? Moreover, the climax of anti-nuclear public opinion in Taiwan was not reached at the immediate aftermath of 2011 3/11 earthquake/tsunami but three years later in 2014. Why was it? This article addresses all these puzzles and argues that, anti-nuclear public opinion in Taiwan is the product of lack of knowledge and political manipulation. With more information and without political ideology, the anti-nuclear public opinion in Taiwan will be changed. This argument is later confirmed by the internet questionnaire survey of article.
EN
Security is a very important human need, which is addressed at all levels of local governance both by the central and local government bodies. As regards local government, the scope of tasks involving the provision of security on the local and regional levels has been adjusted to the capabilities (including financial) of individual local government units. Basic tasks are carried out at the municipal district level, supra-municipal tasks — at the county level, and regional tasks — at the provincial level, except that in the province there is a dualism of administration, meaning that administrative authority is shared between a central government-appointed governor, called the provincial governor, and an elected assembly called the regional council. In the case of the county, security-related tasks, as well as the competences relevant to this area, must be clearly defined in the act. At this level of public administration there is no presumption of competence for the benefit of the county authority. The county council performs the public tasks of a supra-municipal character set out by statute rather than the tasks not reserved for other entities. In order to ensure public order and safety of citizens, as well as fire and flood protection, the legislator authorises the county council to use technical means to record what is happening (CCTV cameras) in the area of public space, with the consent of the area manager or an entity holding a legal title to this area, or on the property and in civil structures constituting the property of the county or organisational units of the county, as well as in the area around such premises and structures, if it is necessary to ensure public order and the safety of citizens or provide fire and flood protection.
EN
The article concerns the natural disaster relief occurring in the construction of the agricultural tax. The author analysed the legitimacy of the above relief in the context of a specific character of the agricultural tax. This allowed for an assessment to be made of both the current legal provisions regulating the relief and those in force in the former state of law. On this basis, de lege ferenda conclusions were drawn.
EN
The possibility of dialogue between human beings and nature has been a subject of controversy with fundamental interpretations and reinterpretations among philosophers. Some have argued that the idea of human–nature dialogue is ill-informed, absurd and misleading because humans and non-humans lack the capacity for mutual linguistic understanding and reciprocity. This paper argues otherwise, by appropriating Marie Pauline Eboh’s concept of “Ecogynism as Unspoken Dialogue” to analytically show the dialogical possibility between human beings and nature. Ecogynism is considered as an approach and method towards the consideration of a new form of dialogue with a view to achieving friendly and harmonious synthesis of existence, and proffering solutions to natural disasters and issues relating to environmental sustainability. However, the form of dialogue accentuated in this article is not akin to conversation or discussion that requires an exchange of views, but an unspoken dialogue that is based on meta-epistemic and existential modes of communication, sensibility, and interaction, to reveal the natural interrelatedness and mutuality of all existents and supplant the dominance of androcentrism.
EN
Societies for centuries have been encountering various crisis situations. Human existence is full of constant changes being a result of critical events. Among them, there are crises related to natural disasters or industrial. The characteristic for natural disasters is their high degree of unpredictability. The best example are floods. When it comes to the industrial failures, these are the result of human error and can cause a lot of damage to the environment. It is crucial to pay attention to the fact that it is not possible to forecast with any degree of certainty nor to control potential risks, however, you can try to minimize their effects. All types of catastrophes or crisis situations are characterized by violence and unpredictability. Therefore, a quick commitment of adequate forces and resources is needed, depending on the circumstances. Therefore, the participation of Polish Armed Forces in particular phases of crisis management can have not only supporting role, but also a key one.
IT
Le considerazioni svolte si concentrano sull’analisi della regolazione contenuta nel Programma di Sviluppo Rurale 2014-2020 in merito agli strumenti di sostegno a investimenti per la prevenzione e il ripristino del potenziale produttivo agricolo. L’obiettivo è di rispondere alla domanda se e in che misura i tipi di sostegno evocati tutelino il produttore agricolo e riescano a preservare l’impresa agraria. Nella parte conclusiva, l’Autore afferma, tra l’altro, che due di essi, ovvero “Investimenti effettuati al fine di proteggere le acque dall’inquinamento provocato da nitrati provenienti da fonti agricole” e “Sostegno agli investimenti in azioni di prevenzione volte a ridurre le conseguenze di probabili calamità naturali, avversità climatiche ed eventi catastrofici”, grazie ai finanziamenti a condizioni favorevoli e alle regolazioni giuridiche chiare, contribuiscono a far crescere l’interesse degli agricoltori ad adottare determinati atteggiamenti di fronte al problema di gestione attiva del rischio nell’attività agricola, aumentando così la loro resistenza alle situazioni di crisi. Nel caso di “Ripristino del potenziale produttivo agricolo danneggiato da calamità naturali”, lo strumento non incide in modo significativo sulla tutela dell’impresa agraria dei produttori agricoli e richiede modifiche legislative.
EN
The deliberations focus on the analysis of regulations included in the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 concerning the instruments of support for investments that prevent destruction and restore the potential of agricultural production. They aim at answering the question whether and to what extent these forms of support protect the agricultural producer and ensure the durability of his workplace. The author argues, among other things, that two of them: “Investments aimed at protecting waters against nitrate pollution from agricultural sources” and “Support for investments in preventive measures aimed at reducing the effects of probable natural disasters, adverse climatic events and catastrophes,” owing to favourable financing conditions and clear legal regulations introduced, contribute to an increased protection of farmers’ interest by adopting specific attitudes towards active risk management in agricultural activity, and thus increase their resilience to emerging crisis situations. In the case of “Restoring the potential of agricultural production damaged by natural disasters” however, this tool does not significantly affect the protection of the agricultural producers’ workplaces and requires legislative changes.
PL
Rozważania koncentrują się na analizie regulacji zawartych w Programie Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 2014-2020 dotyczących instrumentów wsparcia inwestycji zapobiegających zniszczeniu oraz przywracających potencjał produkcji rolnej. Ich celem jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy i w jakim stopniu te formy wsparcia chronią producenta rolnego i zapewniają trwałość jego warsztatu pracy. W konkluzji autor stwierdza, że dwie z nich, czyli „Inwestycje mające na celu ochronę wód przed zanieczyszczeniem azotanami pochodzącymi ze źródeł rolniczych” oraz „Wsparcie inwestycji w środki zapobiegawcze, których celem jest ograniczenie skutków prawdopodobnych klęsk żywiołowych, niekorzystnych zjawisk klimatycznych i katastrof” ze względu na korzystne możliwości finansowe oraz jasne regulacje prawne przyczyniają się do przyjmowania przez rolników postawy aktywnego zarządzania ryzykiem działalności rolniczej, a tym samym do zwiększenia ich odporności na pojawiające się sytuacje kryzysowe. W przypadku „Przywracania potencjału produkcji rolnej zniszczonego w wyniku wystąpienia klęsk żywiołowych” narzędzie to nie wpływa istotnie na ochronę warsztatu producentów rolnych i wymaga zmian legislacyjnych.
EN
A contemporary system of national security shall be constructed in a way to guarantee a proper functioning of the democratic state of law, not only during the lack of threats but also in a crisis or at war. Legal provisions in this aspect shall be clear and precise. To ensure the proper state functioning, the tasks of the respective organs evolved in the realization of adequate jobs shall be designed without any doubt concerning a scope of characteristics of each of them in case of emergency. The tasks shall be defined in a concrete way without duplicates or leaving gaps. Extraordinary states, i.e. martial law, state of emergency and a natural disaster, are introduced under urgent conditions and serious outer as well as inner dangers for the state functioning. They are declared to counteract the arisen threats and preserve common well-being.
EN
Background: The aim of the considerations is to present the concept of the ecological footprint of logistic support for a rescue operation on the example of a natural disaster. Increasing pressure of environmental requirements placed on all logistic activities, including logistic support, justifies the attention drawn to the subject. Methods: Selecting a natural disaster – as a reference for the concept of the ecological footprint – constitutes an attempt to draw attention to the fact that logistic support for a rescue operation in the case of a natural disaster – apart from an unquestionably positive role – also negatively affects the environment, which should be exposed, and this will be manifested by creation of measuring and analysing instruments necessary within undertaken activities aimed at minimalization of the negative impact of logistic support on the environment. The ecological footprint can be considered to be such an instrument. Results: Based on the general formula of the ecological footprint and its methodology presented in “Working Guidebook to the National Footprint Accounts 2014”, a formula of the ecological footprint of logistic support for a rescue operation on the example of a natural disaster was created. Conclusions: The assumptions of the concept of the ecological footprint of logistic support for a rescue operation on the example of a natural disaster were based on the assumptions of logistic support for a rescue operation and on the assumptions of the resource concept and external costs of logistic support for a rescue operation on the example of a natural disaster.
PL
Wstęp: Celem rozważań jest przedstawienie koncepcji śladu ekologicznego wsparcia logistycznego akcji ratunkowej na przykładzie katastrofy naturalnej. Coraz większa presja wymogów środowiskowych wywierana na wszelką działalność logistyczną, w tym również tą, w formie wsparcia logistycznego, uzasadnienia atencję dla podjętej problematyki. Metody: Wybór katastrofy naturalnej - jako płaszczyzny odniesienia koncepcji śladu ekologicznego - jest z kolei próbą zwrócenia uwagi, że wsparcie logistyczne akcji ratunkowej w sytuacji katastrofy naturalnej, oprócz bezsprzecznie pozytywnej roli, również oddziałuje negatywnie na środowisko, które należy eksponować, czego przejawem będzie tworzenie instrumentów pomiaru i analizy, niezbędnych przy podejmowaniu działań, mających na celu minimalizację negatywnego oddziaływania wsparcia logistycznego na środowisko. Ślad ekologiczny można uznać za taki instrument. Wyniki: W oparciu o ogólną formułę śladu ekologicznego oraz jej metodykę przedstawioną w „Working Guidebook to the National Footprint Accounts 2014”, utworzono formułę śladu ekologicznego wsparcia logistycznego akcji ratunkowej na przykładzie katastrofy naturalnej. Wnioski: Założenia koncepcji śladu ekologicznego wsparcia logistycznego akcji ratunkowej na przykładzie katastrofy naturalnej oparto na założeniach wsparcia logistycznego akcji ratunkowej oraz na założeniach koncepcji zasobowej i kosztów zewnętrznych wsparcia logistycznego akcji ratunkowej na przykładzie katastrofy naturalnej.
EN
The existing space distribution of hotel and service facilities in different places in the world is mainly the result of natural organic growth. Such facilities were built in areas of actual and/or potential demand, provided adequate financial resources and land were available. Additionally, an important factor was also the availability of technical infrastructure, including, in particular, transport. Sometimes those facilities were built without any detailed spatial analysis of their locations. It can be concluded that planning of hotel and service facilities lacked clear and accurate methods as well as analytic tools. The main reason was the lack of relevant databases. Along the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), information tools started to be used in nearly every area. It should be noted that the development of the hotel and service base can be significantly promoted while using modern ICT solutions. In their article, the authors, among others, propose to use trip planning tools backed by Big Data. A trip planner can be used to collect data that help to determine the location of hotel and service facilities (e.g. hotels, guest houses, motels, leisure, recreation and restaurant facilities). The article presents the case study from the Upper Silesia conurbation, Poland. The use of Big Data allows to select locations of investment corresponding to actual tourist travel needs, especially that every year tourism becomes an increasingly important sector of the national economy in many countries.
EN
Ecological security, which refers to the preservation of an adequate ecosystem and a biological balance in a close area, was a term which oscillated around the daily sense of security of the inhabitants of a region. Natural hazards was a counterpart aimed at the dangers lurking, for example, in areas of natural value and strict protection, which was very often financed and controlled by EU bodies. The aim of the research paper was to confirm the impact of natural hazards on the state of ecological safety in the district of Gryfino. The research methodology was based mainly on institutional and legal sources. It was initial to analyse existing documents. A key aspect became the use of one of the research techniques which is an interview with a retired Border Guard officer. Gryfino County is a region of local self-government and thus of second-level administrative division in Poland. Its great advantage was not only its geographical location in the midst of the so-called Polish Amazonia, i.e. areas of a network of canals and old riverbeds connected to each other, but also its proximity to the Federal Republic of Germany. Cross-border cooperation has been developing promisingly since the period of political transformation at the security level. The public security services, through mutual assistance and common exchange of information, have been able to implement projects and programmes to improve the environment of the territories. In conclusion, it could be said that the inhabitants of both the eastern and cross-border parts of the county were exposed to natural disasters. However, it is worth noting that due to the presence of water areas they were more diverse and unpredictable in nature. Environmental awareness among the inhabitants was extremely important, but at the same time it had to be supported by the creation of a civil society in the capital’s charming areas. Appropriate coordination of public safety services, innovative local government policies and the involvement of residents were able to counteract the form and strength of natural hazards and their direct impact on ecological safety in the Griffin district.
PL
Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne będące wyznacznikiem zachowania odpowiedniego ekosystemu i równowagi biologicznej w ścisłym obszarze to termin, który oscylował w tematyce poczucia codziennego bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców danego regionu. Zagrożenia naturalne były odpowiednikiem ukierunkowanym na niebezpieczeństwa czyhające, choćby na terenach cennych pod kątem przyrodniczym i objętych ścisłą ochroną, która była bardzo często finansowana i kontrolowana przez unijne organa. Celem artykułu naukowego jest potwierdzenie wpływu oddziaływania zagrożeń naturalnych na stan bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego w powiecie gryfińskim. Metodologia badań naukowych oparta była głównie na źródłach instytucjonalno-prawnych. Inicjalne było przeanalizowanie dokument w zastałych. Aspektem kluczowym stało się użycie jednej z technik badawczych jaką jest wywiad z emerytowanym funkcjonariuszem Straży Granicznej.Powiat gryfiński to rejon samorządu terytorialnego i tym samym podziału administracyjnego II stopnia w Polsce. Jego ogromnym atutem było nie tylko jego położenie geograficzne zlokalizowane pośród tzw. polskiej Amazonii, czyli obszar w sieci kanał w, starorzeczy połączonych ze sobą, ale także bliskość Republiki Federalnej Niemiec. Wsp łpraca transgraniczna rozwijała się w sposób obiecujący od okresu transformacji ustrojowej na płaszczyźnie bezpieczeństwa. Służby bezpieczeństwa publicznego przez wzajemną pomoc oraz wspólną wymianę informacji były w stanie realizować przedsięwzięcia oraz programy działające na rzecz poprawy stanu środowiska gremialnych terenów. We wnioskach można stwierdzić, że mieszkańcy teren w zarówno po części wschodniej powiatu, jak i części transgranicznej byli narażeni na występowanie klęsk żywiołowych. Jednakże, warto zauważyć, iż ze względu na obecność obszar w wodnych miały one bardziej zróżnicowany i nieprzewidywalny charakter. Niezwykle istotna była świadomość ekologiczna wśród mieszkańców, jednocześnie musiała ona zostać wsparta utworzeniem społeczeństwa obywatelskiego na kapitalnie urokliwych terenach. Odpowiednia koordynacja służb bezpieczeństwa publicznego, innowacyjna polityka samorządowa, a także zaangażowanie mieszkańców było w stanie zniwelować formę i siłę zagrożeń naturalnych oraz ich bezpośredni wpływ na bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne w powiecie gryfińskim.
EN
The subject of the article is the problem of public burdens in the form of personal and in-kind contributions in the event of a state of natural disaster. The state of natural disaster justifies the need for the legislator to refer to the idea of a special sacrifice for the public interest, which is expressed in the activation of the mechanism of constitutional public contributions, both personal and in-kind contributions.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest problematyka ciężarów publicznych w postaci świadczeń osobistych i rzeczowych w razie wystąpienia stanu klęski żywiołowej. Stan klęski żywiołowej uzasadnia potrzebę odwołania się ustawodawcy do idei szczególnej ofiary na rzecz interesu publicznego, czego wyrazem staje się uruchomienie mechanizmu konstytucyjnych świadczeń publicznych o charakterze osobistym, jak i rzeczowym.
EN
The recent fires in Australia are included among the largest ecological and natural disasters in the present-day world, causing significant damage to ecosystem and killing animals and people. The study presented here sought to analyse the role of online media, particularly social networks, in the dissemination of information during the disaster that struck Australia between December 2019 and January 2020. The primary aim was to analyse patterns of interpersonal communication in social media. What is the role of social media in such situations? Are they sources of information about disasters? How important for this communication are factors such as online impact, online mentions using keywords and hashtags, sentiments, influencers and geographical variables? Descriptive and quantitative methodology was employed along with Mediatoolkit, a tool for online media monitoring and analytics, to track online media coverage for selected hashtags for 32 days during the fires in Australia. The analysis revealed a public interest in the Australia fires and climate change across social networks, with the particular role of Twitter as the main channel of communication among people during the disaster.
LogForum
|
2017
|
vol. 13
|
issue 2
171-182
EN
Background: The complexity of natural disasters is a fundamental aspect for coordination and integration activities from the public sectors’ perspective. Tasks that are formally independent demonstrate a convergent and integrated character. Therefore, there is a justified need to synergic cooperation of public and private sector, NGOs, UN agencies, IFRC agencies, military and societies actions in the affected region. The main goal of the study was to identify similarities and differences in Japanese and American approaches to humanitarian logistics in the public sectors’ perspective. Moreover, the second goal was to prepare an extended humanitarian logistics convergence procedure for national authorities. Methods: Critical analysis has been carried out in two highly developed countries of the global economy. Author indicates determinants which are conditioned by three different types of humanitarian logistics convergence. Results: The article describes the processes of concurrence at Japanese and American level in relation to humanitarian logistics. The characteristic of convergence factors has been followed by theoretical considerations concerning analyzed problem. Author indicates determinants with highest level of convergence as well as with the biggest differentiation. As a result, an extended procedure for national authorities that covers both outstanding approaches has been presented. Conclusions: Neutralizing, minimizing and eliminating of natural disasters’ negative effects are not an easy task. The article highlights the importance of public sectors’ activities which are fundamental aspects of humanitarian logistics actions. Their coordination and integration play a key role in efficiency. Hence, all authorities interested in the analyzed concept may follow the presented procedure. Nevertheless, there is a necessity to conduct an indicator analysis associated with natural disasters occurrence, economic growth, logistics ratios, risk indexes as well as other determinants that cover convergence.
PL
Wstęp: Złożoność i problematyka występujących katastrof naturalnych stanowi istotny problem koordynacji i integracji działań z poziomu sektora publicznego. Zadania, które formalnie realizowane są w sposób niezależny, wykazują charakter zbieżny i zintegrowany. W związku z powyższym, istnieje uzasadniona potrzeba synergicznej współpracy sektora publicznego, prywatnego, NGO, agend ONZ, agend ruchu IFRC oraz oddolnych działań podejmowanych przez mieszkańców na terenach dotkniętych katastrofą. Celem badania było zidentyfikowanie podobieństw oraz różnic występujących w podejściu do logistyki humanitarnej z perspektywy sektora publicznego w Japonii oraz USA. Ponadto, drugim celem było opracowanie uniwersalnej procedury konwergencji logistyki humanitarnej dla sektora publicznego. Metody: Analizę krytyczną przeprowadzono w dwóch wysokorozwiniętych państwach go-spodarki światowej. Wskazano determinanty powstawania zbieżności, które są określane przez trzy odrębne rodzaje konwergencji logistyki humanitarnej. Wyniki: W artykule opisano procesy powstawania zbieżności na płaszczyźnie japońskiej oraz amerykańskiej w odniesieniu do logistyki humanitarnej. Charakterystyka czynników konwergencji została poprzedzona krótkimi teoretycznymi rozważaniami dotyczącymi analizowanego problemu. Wskazano determinanty cechujące się największym poziomem zbieżności, a także świadczące o znaczącym zróżnicowaniu. W konsekwencji, zaprezentowano uniwersalną procedurę dla zainteresowanych państw łączącą oba wyróżniające się podejścia. Wnioski: Przeciwdziałanie, minimalizowanie i eliminowanie negatywnych skutków katastrof naturalnych nie jest zadaniem prostym. W niniejszym artykule podkreślono istotność funkcjonowania sektora publicznego, który stanowi fundament projektowanych działań z zakresu logistyki humanitarnej. Koordynacja i integracja działań jest kluczowym aspektem warunkującym jej skuteczność. Stąd też, wszystkie jednostki administracji publicznej zainteresowane analizowaną koncepcją mogą wdrożyć zaprezentowaną procedurę. Niemniej jednak, autor artykułu wskazuje na konieczność przeprowadzenia analizy wskaźnikowej dotyczącej występowalności katastrof, wzrostu gospodarczego, mierników logistycznych, czynników ryzyka oraz innych wskaźników, które łącznie świadczą o postępującej konwergencji.
EN
This article offers an overview of studies conducted in the United States, Japan and Taiwan regarding the impact of natural disasters on the dynamics of suicides. It additionally includes Polish studies on the impact of the 1997 flood on suicide rates. Consequently, the text discusses extremely diverse societies that have evolved following different cultural patterns. The results of the studies are not conclusive. Some statistical analyses reveal an increase in suicide rates after natural disasters, while others show their numbers to fall among men and/or women. Therefore, the cultural context that shapes the dynamics of suicides in populations struck by a natural disaster seems to be of particular significance. Natural cataclysms cause multiple social and economic problems, which in turn might result in suicides. The issue addressed in the article becomes particularly important in the context of climate change. The proposed measures that are to reduce suicidal behaviours among people in the wake of natural disasters should be carefully considered and developed accordingly, bearing the specific cultural context in mind.
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