The Greek phytonym τηλέφιλον (literally ‘far-love, love-in-absence’) is attested in the Ancient and Medieval Greek literature (Theocritus, Id. 3.28–30; Agathias, AP V 296) and lexicography (Hesychius, HAL τ-24), as well as in the Cretan river name Τηλεφίλας (IC 174. 26). This appellative (of Doric origin) refers to a mysterious plant, used by the Greek lovers to charm whether their love is mutual or not. The same plant is called τηλέφιον in the ancient and medieval sources (Pedanios Dioscorides, Ps.-Dioscorides; cod. Parisinus Gr. 2419), as it is confirmed by the Greek synonym ἀείζῳον ἄγριον, attested in ancient lexicographic works. Irregular change τηλέφιλον > τηλέφιον appears to be caused by the progressive dissimilation (λ–λ > λ–ø). Ancient sources demonstrate clearly that the Greek phytonym τηλέφι(λ)ον means a plant similar to ‘common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L.’, probably ‘Andrachne telephioïdes L.’. Other possible alternatives refer to two Mediterranean plants: ‘white stonecrop, Sedum album L.’ or ‘starry stonecrop, Sedum stellatum L.’.
PL
Fitonim grecki τηλέφιλον (dosłownie ‘miłość z daleka’) pojawia się w antycznej i bizantyńskiej literaturze (Teokryt, Id. 3.28-30; Agatiasz, AP V 296) i leksykografii (Hesychios, HAL τ-24), a także w kreteńskiej nazwie wodnej Τηλεφίλας (IC 174.26). Oznacza on jakąś roślinę, za pomocą której greccy kochankowie próbowali wywróżyć sobie, czy ich miłość będzie odwzajemniona. W źródłach antycznych i bizantyńskich (Pedanios Dioskurides, Ps.-Dioskurides; cod. Parisinus gr. 2419) owa tajemnicza roślina nosi wariantową nazwę τηλέφιον, jak tego dowodzi grecki synonim ἀείζῳον ἄγριον, poświadczony w pracach leksykograficznych. Nieregularna zmiana τηλέφιλον > τηλέφιον pojawiła się na skutek dysymilacji progresywnej (typu λ–λ > λ–ø). Źródła antyczne dowodzą, że grecki fitonim τηλέφι(λ)ον oznaczał jakąś roślinę podobną do portulaki pospolitej (Portulaca oleracea L.), przypuszczalnie ‘Andrachne telephioïdes L.’. Jako alternatywę można brać rozchodnik biały (Sedum album L.) albo rozchodnik gwiazdowy (Sedum stellatum L.).
The purpose of this article is to present and discuss several dialect plant names from the „plant word” thematic field in the speech of the Poles of Lviv region. These are lexical units having no equivalents in other regions of the country or having them in an incomplete range of meaning. The lexis of the dialect in the studied Polish language is also subjected to various foreign influeces, which also must be taken into account when reconstructing the processes that shape the given form in Polish dialects. The generational breakdown shows that dialect plant names in their local meaning will cause significant difficulties for dialect users over time.
In the paper is discussed as many as 468 Cretan river names, which may derive from the Modern Greek appellatives denoting plants. Floristic names represent 10% of all the modern hydronyms of the island (4666 names). As to the structure of the analyzed floristic names we can distinguish 294 simple names (62,9%), 160 composed names (34,1%) and 14 elliptical names (3%). It is worth emphasizing that 25 floristic river names appeared as early as in the Venetian times (1204–1669). Finally, an exhaustive list of the Modern Greek plant names, which became a basis of deriving numerous Cretan hydronyms, is presented.
The article offers an insight into the plant names connected with surnames. There are four general groups of such plant names: 1) Latin scientific names with abbreviations of botanists’ surnames, 2) L L atin scientific names containing references to surnames, 3) names of plants containing surnames, 4) plant names derived from surnames. The last group is particularly interesting because it is the most variegated. What is more, these names do not “betray” the surnames at first glance. The plant names and their analysis show that scientific botanical names are often motivated by surnames. Such names become a peculiar monument to certain individuals, in the great majority of botanists who are well-deserved in research on particular species of plants. The names of people outside of the sphere of botanic research are quite rarely the motivation of plant names. It can also be stated that the plant names connected with surnames usually refer to genera and species that are relatively late-discovered and described (often also newly-grown ornamental plants), so they are usually exotic, and native to sparsely populated areas.
Artykuł traktuje o pochodzeniu dwóch powszechnie używanych we współczesnej polszczyźnie nazw psianki podłużnej (Solanum melongena): „bakłażan” i „oberżyna”. Szczegółowe zbadanie historii obydwu określeń w szeroko zarysowanym kontekście innych języków europejskich pozwala wyjaśnić, dlaczego są one synonimiczne.
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The article deals with the origin of two names of the eggplant (Solanum melongena), commonly used in contemporary Polish: "bakłażan" and "oberżyna". A detailed study of the history of both terms in the wider context of other European languages allows for the explanation as to why they are synonymous.
This paper discusses the names of the plants in three-word compounds. The research material was taken from Pflanzennamen und botanischeFachwörter. BotanischesLexikon by Rudolf Schubert and Günther Wagner. The names of the plants were evaluated according to the criterion of the two-word structure of each compound. In this way, the analyzed names were divided into two groups with the following structures: 1. Basic word + compound 2. Compound + basic word The groups were then analyzed in terms of form and semantics. As far as form is concerned, it has been found that in the majority of cases the compounds are composed of nouns and rarely of other speech elements. Concerning semantics, it is interesting that in the second group, i.e. compound + basic word, both components of the compound belong almost exclusively to the same thematic groups.
The aim of the article is to investigate the origin of the Polish dialectal name odolan, which refers to valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.). On the basis of historical‑comparative analysis of the Slavic language material, it can be concluded that the name odolan is probably a late borrowing from Ukrainian dialects. It is related to the Proto‑Slavic form *odolěn, which is a derivative of the verb *odolěti ‘to defeat, to win’, derived from the Proto‑Slavic *dolja ‘success or failure, good or bad fate, destiny’. The Proto‑Slavic form *odolěn is motivated by the widely known healing and magical properties of valerian, but it is not a calque of Med. Lat. valeriana, because this Latin name is unlikely to be related to the verb valēre ‘to be strong, powerful; have an advantage, dominate’, and is most likely an adjectival derivative from the name of the Roman province of Valeria.
The primary aim of the prospective etymological dictionary of Polish dialectal plant names is to trace the origin of selected Polish dialectal wild plant names in the context of other Slavic and European languages. What is more, the dictionary will present the history of Polish dialectal plant names, their chronology, semantic motivation as well as their semantic evolution. The beginnings of entries will consist of two elements: the Latin scientific plant names and the Polish scientific plant names, which are necessary for the identification of the species. Each entry will comprise all dialectal names for a given species, which will be grouped (together with metaphorical names) according to their semantic motivation. The publication will encompass various registers of plant names (Latin scientific names, Polish scientific names, Polish dialectal names, Slavic names, European names).
Basing on the texts by Zofia Radwańska-Paryska, the author reconstructs the ways of describing plants growing in the Tatra Mountains. The method of looking at the plant includes four different author’s points of view, mixed with each other, and the genre of the text does not determine the language used in it. The article reproduces four examples of linguistic images of plants.
Przedmiotem analizy w artykule jest fragment zagadnienia związanego z zasobem i funkcjami nazw roślin stosowanych w pięciu powieściach historycznych (Rzepicha, matka królów… F. S. Jezierskiego, Stara baśń J. I. Kraszewskiego, Lelum-Polelum W. Przyborowskiego, Ojciec i syn K. Bunscha oraz Puszcza A. Gołubiewa), których akcja rozgrywa się w Polsce od czasów przedhistorycznych po początek XI wieku. W opisie funkcji nazw roślin tekst ten nawiązuje do koncepcji A. Stoffa, który wyodrębnił sześć funkcji, jakie motywy roślinne mogą pełnić w dziełach literackich. Jedną z nich jest funkcja symboliczna. Użyte w pięciu analizowanych powieściach w tej funkcji motywy botaniczne odgrywają ważną rolę w kreowaniu obrazu wierzeń religijnych. W powieściach o wczesnym średniowieczu obraz wierzeń pogańskich został zdominowany przez stereotyp świętych dębów, w Rzepisze przejęty z kultury antycznej, w czterech pozostałych powieściach – rodzimy, dość podobny, ale nie całkiem jednakowy. Uzupełniają go użycia innych nazw roślin (np. nazw zbóż, ziół), ale, po pierwsze, nie mają one takiej wagi i wyrazistości, po drugie – ich zestaw jest dla każdego z opisywanych utworów odmienny.
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This paper discusses the range and functions of the plant names used in five historical novels (“Rzepicha, matka królów…” by F.S. Jezierski, “Stara baśń” by J.I. Kraszewski, “Lelum-Polelum” by W. Przyborowski, “Ojciec i syn” by K. Bunsch and “Puszcza” by A. Gołubiew), the action of which is set in Poland from pre-historical times until the beginning of the eleventh century. In the description of the plant names the paper refers to A. Stoff’s conception, who distinguished six functions of plant motifs in the literary works. Among them there is a symbolic function. Botanic motifs used in the five analyzed novels have the symbolic function and play an import role in creating the picture of religious beliefs. In the novels on the early Middle Ages the picture of pagan beliefs is dominated by a stereotype of holy oaks. In the “Rzepicha” this picture is drawn from the ancient culture, whereas in the other four novels it is based on native beliefs, although it differs to some extent in each of them. This picture of beliefs is supplemented by other plant names (e.g. of cereals or herbs). However, these names have neither an equivalent importance and clarity, nor they occur in the same combination in each novel.
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