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Kryzys strefy euro – perspektywa multi-teoretyczna

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EN
The aim of the article is to explain the crisis of the Eurozone from the perspective of three theories in European studies: neo-functionalism, liberal intergovernmentalism and constructivism. The author makes an attempt to develop a multi-theoretical methodological approach in political science, particularly in European studies. The basic problem of European studies is that scholars usually try to describe the Eurozone crisis from the perspective of one theoretical conception, which does not explain fully the crisis phenomena. That is why the article states the hypothesis that in order to explain the crisis in its entirety it is necessary to refer to several theories at the same time. To achieve the goals of the article the author used adequate research methods: critical analysis of the sources and selected literature on the subject.
EN
The aim of this article is an attempt to verify selected theoretical concepts of the European integration based on the results of the eleven years (1999-2010) of the common monetary system that has been in operation in the European Union. The following theories are examined: neo-functionalism, institutionalism, constructivism, realism and intergovernmental liberalism. The aim of this paper is also to find hierarchy of the discussed theories, which are at least partly applicable to the common currency system in Europe. At the end of the article some predictions of future developments of the system are presented
EN
What it meant by European Integration? We mean the historical process whereby European nation-states have been willing to transfer, or more usually pool, their sovereign powers in a collective enterprise. The European Union, which today contains twenty-eight member states, which has a complex institutional structure that includes a supranational central administration (the European Commission), an elected Parliament, a Court of Justice and a Central Bank, is the outcome of this processes. Many American and European scientists of the European Union have chided “intergovemmentalist” accounts for emphasizing the duration of member state authority over the process of European integration. This article attempts to prove these criticisms in a “historical institutionalist” account that mentions the importance of research on European integration as a political process which spreads over time. Such an aspect distinguishes the limitations of member-state control over permanent institutional improvements, due to a fixation with short-term interests, the existence of unexpected consequences, and actions that “lock in” past decisions and make affirmation of member-state control difficult. Short exploration of the development of social policy in the EC advocates the limitations of conducting the EC as an international regime promoting collective activity among sovereign states. It is important to view integration as a “path-dependent” process that has composed a dispersed, but still obvious “multitiered” European polity.
Human Affairs
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2013
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vol. 23
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issue 3
429-442
EN
The economic and debt crisis threaten many eurozone countries and the very existence of the common currency, the euro. The crisis has meant that some special mechanisms have had to be created (EFSF, ESM) and the introduction of special procedures in heavily indebted countries. The deepening of the crisis and the economic recession in the euro area have resulted in the growth of nationalism and anti-European sentiments in EU member states. Resolving the crisis, however, requires further convergence of the eurozone countries, the formation of a fiscal union and a banking union. At the same time, the crisis has shown that the grand theories of European integration, neo-functionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, have failed to provide answers to the questions raised by the crisis, and this has led to the growing importance of social constructivism.
EN
The paper scrutinises the notion of normativisation as a concept met with only relatively rarely in the sphere of the sociology of science. The normativisation concept is here embodied in the neo-functional perspective, with a view to its relationship with the sociology of science being elaborated more deeply, and new analytical paths provided, in this case in regard to the understanding of science. The work underpinning this paper has sought to help make good the lack of relevant studies in the field of the sociology of science. The material presented comes from literature-based research, while the main axis is put on the highlighting of theoretical relationships between types of normativisation and sociological neo-functional theory in order for the inputs of Gunther Teubner in particular to be better grasped. As is signaled at the end, this paper is ultimately targeted at science governance, though this is in itself a notion requiring additional studies if it is to be viewed in particular contexts.
PL
Autorka analizuje pojęcie normatywności, które relatywnie rzadko pojawia się w literaturze z zakresu socjologii nauki. Koncepcję normatywności przedstawia w perspektywie neofunkcjonalnej, by głębiej wniknąć w powiązania omawianego zagadnienia z socjologią nauki i poddać nowe ścieżki analizy – w tym przypadku – w obrębie problemu rozumienia nauki. Naświetla relacje między typami normatywizacji a neofunkcjonalną teorią w socjologii, zwłaszcza dorobkiem Gunthera Teubnera. W ostatniej części artykułu autorka zwraca się w stronę zarządzania nauką, tematu wymagającego jednak dodatkowych studiów z uwzględnieniem szczegółowych kontekstów.
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