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Neolityczne i wczesnobrązowe materiały z okolic miejscowości Kuty na Ukrainie w zbiorach Państwowego Muzeum Archeologicznego w Warszawie

100%

Borkowski J.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2010

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vol. LXI

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issue 61

165-200

EN

The article focuses on a set of finds (inv. no. PMA II/3317) known to derive from 31 sites on the Kutianka stream in the region of Kuty in Ukraine, some 50 km south of Rivne (Fig. 1, 3). The State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw acquired the set from Roman Turkiewicz who offered to the museum what he considered to be the most valuable specimens from an originally much larger inventory. The set includes objects of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age date. Some of them could be attributed to specific cultures: Lublin-Volhynian (L-VC), Funnel Beaker (FBC), Globular Amphora (GAC), Corded Ware (CWC), Mierzanowice and Strzyżów Cultures. The main flint resource represented in the assemblage is Volhynian and Roztocze flint. Objects of stone and ceramic objects make up a much smaller number. The flint inventory is represented by debitage and production waste, e.g.: cores, blades and flakes as well as tools: sickle knives, bifacial leaf-points, axes, chisels, retouched blades, end-scrapers, a side-scraper, burins, hammerstones. From the site “Kuty” there are 9 cores, all without exception in Volhynian flint (Fig. 4, 5). Eight are single platform blade forms, one is a double platform form (Fig. 4a) typical for Swiderian Culture. Larger cores had been used for detaching blades of a form typical for L-VC of considerable length of even as much as several dozen centimetres (A. Zakościelna 1996, p. 90–91). Nearly a third of 23 blades are fragmented suggesting deliberate action taken to obtain selected parts of debitage for the production or remaking of tools (A. Zakościelna 1996, p. 37). Tools are represented by 7 sickle knives, in Volhynian and Rozto¬cze flint (Fig. 7, 8, 9a), apparently, of Early Bronze Age date. A specimen from the forest site “Soraszczyzna” (Fig. 6b), typologically close to specimens from the late phase of Mierzanowice Culture, is an example of borrowing within Strzyżów Culture. To this latter culture may be attributed also two bifacial leaf-points in Volhynian flint (Fig. 8b.c) produced using the technique of core reduction and two-sided surface retouch. In the group of 17 flint axes the largest set are forms attributable to CWC (Fig. 10b, 11a–c, 12a.c, 13b.d, 14b.c). Some of the lens-shaped and flat forms are likely to be from the Early Bronze Age horizon (Fig. 10a.c, 12b, 13c), others are attributable to Strzyżów Culture (Fig. 10a.c, 12b). Two specimens are axe half-products (Neolithic?), presumably damaged when the implements were being shaped (Fig. 14a, 15a). In the group of 13 retouched blades (Fig. 9a.b, 15b–g, 16) forms with two-sided retouch dominate over forms with one-sided retouch. Chisels (4) are represented by two specimens lens-shaped in section (Fig. 17a.b) and two quadrangular specimens, polished on every side (Fig. 17c.d). The chisels with a lens-shaped or oval section may be attributed – with some reservation – to FBC, the forms with a rectangular section may be ascribed to GAC (cf. W. Borkowski, W. Migal 1996, p. 160–161). Three end-scrapers (Fig. 18d–f) are characteristic for L-VC (cf. W. Borkowski, W. Migal 1996, p. 55–56). Other tool classes are represented by a side-scraper struck from Roztocze flint (Fig. 17e) and three burins (Fig. 18a–c). Eight hammerstone-rubbers (Fig. 19–21) are nearly spherical in form, with worn and slightly eroded surfaces due to use. A hammer-stone from the forest site “Pod Iserną” (Fig. 21b), on a recycled L-VC core, may be attributed to this culture. The inventory from Kuty includes three objects of stone: a hammerstone of sandstone, in two fragments (Fig. 22), and two battle axes (Fig. 23a.b) made of fine-grained rock. The axes in terms of their culture attribution fit the CWC environment, more precisely, its SE group (Z. Krzak 1980, p. 9), and have analogies in material known from CWC sites in Ukraine (I. K. Svêšnìkov 1974, fig. 4–17). Clay objects are represented by two undecorated pottery fragments (Fig. 23d.e) which may be attributed to L-VC, a spindlewhorl of FBC (Fig. 23c), and four lumps of daub. The incomplete lithic and pottery inventory from the area around Kuty is an interesting and rich source of information. The set, obtained by Roman Turkiewicz and subsequently offered to the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw, is substantially abridged version of the original inventory. Missing from it are mass small finds whereas the tools had been handpicked with focus placed on characteristic specimens valuable as collector items. Even so, this material can still furnish much valuable data. The presence of cores and core forms struck from fine Volhynian flint, obtainable by mining from deposits, suggests the occurrence in the region of Kuty of mines of this resource, associated e.g., with Lublin-Volhynian Culture.

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Ceramiczne materiały neolityczne ze stanowiska IA w Strzyżowie, pow. hrubieszowski

86%

Kulesza A.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2008

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vol. LX

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issue 60

197-224

EN

The settlement at Strzyżów site IA, distr. Hrubieszów (eastern Poland) lies on the middle terrace of the Bug R. in the zone of low hills of Grzęda Horodelska (Fig. 1). The area was excavated in 1935–1937 and 1939 by Zofia Podkowińska of the Warsaw University. Archaeological material recovered from 151 assorted features recorded in an area of ca 3145 m2 (Fig. 2) is now in the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw (PMA II/7685). Owing to the character of the analysed set (ca 70% sherds less than 5 cm in size), loss of the site documentation (partly reconstructed after WWII by Zofia Podkowińska) and the mixing of the finds during numerous relocations in storage, analysis was limited to determining the culture attribution and technology. The examined assemblage includes Neolithic ceramics of Linear Band Pottery Culture, Malice Culture, Lublin-Volhynian Culture, Funnel Beaker Culture, Globular Amphorae Culture and Tripolye Culture. Nine technological groups were distinguished (cf S. Kadrow 1991, table 6). Linear Band Pottery Culture: 17 sherds (Fig. 3); ceramic paste – type C1 and G1. The most frequent decorative element is the engraved line, in various arrangements. Chronological attribution: the ‘musical note’ phase of Linear Band Pottery Culture. Malice Culture: 22 sherds (Fig. 4); mostly ceramic paste type C1. Reassembled forms include ia, a biconical beaker (Fig. 4a.k), bowl (Fig. 4c) and a necked beaker of broad proportions with a row of oval pits on the body (Fig. 4b). Typical ornaments include pricking, notching of the lip and bosses. Chronological attribution: phase Ia and phase IIa of S. Kadrow (1996). Lublin-Volhynian Culture: 1354 sherds; mostly ceramic paste type C1 and B1. Dominant forms: ‘semi-barrel’ pots, S-profiled pots, bowls, cups and amphorae, more rarely, hollow-footed vessels, tulip-shaped, miniature vessels (Fig. 5–8). The prevailing decorative motif are small bosses, handles (Fig. 7b.c), ‘waved’ (Fig. 7j.l.m), and notched lip (Fig. 7g, 8a.c), very infrequently, applied cordons (Fig. 8e), and in one specimen, white painting (Fig. 8k). Chronological attribution: early (Fig. 8k) and late (Fig. 7g, 8a.c) phases of Lublin-Volhynian Culture. Funnel Beaker Culture: 86 sherds (Fig. 10, 11); mostly ceramic paste type C1 and B1. Forms include assorted beakers. The most frequent decorative elements include impressed, engrave linear designs and cordons; other techniques are more rare (eg, cord marking, incisions, stamping, comb impressions). Chronological atrribution: phase BR I–II 3770/3710–3340/3180 BC cal. (cf J. Kruk, S. Milisauskas 1983, p. 310). Associated with this phase are elbow handles, corded ornament (Fig. 11n), stamp impressions under the lip (Fig. 10b.h, 11c.e.f.h.j), well defined neck-body transition, cordons (Fig. 10g, 11k.o), ‘furrow stitch’ (Fig. 11m). Globular Amphorae Culture: 130 sherds (Fig. 12, 13); mostly ceramic paste type D1 and E1. Vessel forms include the amphora (Fig. 13a) and presumably, the beaker (Fig. 13b). The most common form of ornament is various cord impressed designs and stamp impressions. Chronological attribution: corresponds to phase IIa–IIIa in Kujawy (M. Szmyt 1996, p. 238). Tripolye Culture: 2 sherds (Fig. 14). The analysed assemblage also included a clay object which most probably should be linked with the Lengyel-Polgar Cycle (Fig. 15a). The multi-culture site IA should be linked chiefly with Lublin-Volhynian Culture (over 83% of the analysed pottery assemblage). In comparison to the nearby site of the same culture (Strzyżów, site ID) differences were noted in the frequency of vessel types (Table 8) and ceramic paste used in their making (Table 9).

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Neolityczna antropomorficzna figurka kamienna z miejscowości Tupadły, stan. 1, pow. inowrocławski

86%

Pelisiak A., Wójcik A.

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2015

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vol. LXVI

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issue 66

313-317

EN

The anthropomorphic stone figurine was discovered at Tupadły 1 in Kujawy (Fig. 1, 2), during a rescue excavation made in w 2014, directed by Andrzej Wójcik. The material of the figurine is an amphibolite pebble, presumably from a postglacial deposit. The local origin of its lithic resource suggests tha t the figurine was manufactured in the region. The figurine was discovered outside an archaeological feature, within the subsoil stratum. This prevents a closer determination of its chronology and culture attribution. Basing on indirect evidence, its similarity to figurines recorded elsewhere in Europe and their dating, and the broader context of the early Neolithic settlement in the region of present day Inowrocław, the figurine’s chronology may be assigned generally to the 5th millennium BC and attributed to the settlement of late Banded Pottery culture groups. If this proposal is accepted, this would be the first anthropomorphic stone statuette from Poland dating to the early Neolithic. Similar images are observed in the art dating to the 5th millennium recorded across much of Europe to the south and the south-east of the Carpathians. It is in this region, and in different cultural environments, that we need to seek the source of inspiration of the maker of the artefact from Tupadły. The exact location or even the region of origin cannot be specified. In any case, the figurine from Tupadły must be taken into account when studying the network of contacts and the information flow covering much of Europe in the 5th millennium BC.

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Analiza pozostałości organicznych w ceramice kultury rzucewskiej z Rzucewa

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Cramp L. J. E., Król D., Rutter M., Heyd V., Pospieszny Ł.

Pomorania Antiqua

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2019

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vol. Tom XXVIII

s. 245-259

EN

During the lifetime of an unglazed pot, biomolecules from the vessel contents accumulate into pores in the vessel wall. Lipids, especially, survive over millennia and when extracted from archaeological pottery therefore yield diagnostic information regarding its original contents. Here we report the analysis of preserved lipids extracted from 15 Rzucewo culture pottery sherds, including bowls, vases and storage vessels, from Rzucewo, Puck Bay, Poland. This was undertaken in order to gain further insights into the subsistence economy and use of material culture by this Late Neolithic culture, who are thought to practice a mixed economy that incorporated domesticates into a subsistence base focused primarily upon seal-hunting. Lipids recovered from 13 of 15 sherds analysed could be characterised as of predominantly aquatic origin, with more limited evidence for some likely plant waxes from two vessels. The range of stable carbon isotope signatures of the fatty acids reflect a marine through to freshwater origin, which may have derived from animals fished or hunted from brackish waters, as well perhaps as the sea and inland rivers. There was no evidence for processing dairy products, in contrast with the published Rzucewo pottery from Nida, Lithuania (Heron et al. 2015), which may arise from the lack of beakers included in this vessel assemblage. These findings may also be contrasted with previously published studies from related Corded Ware and Globular Amphorae cultures (Cramp et al. 2014a; Heron et al. 2015; Roffet-Salque et al. 2017a; Robson et al. 2019) which reflect greater processing of terrestrial products, particularly ruminants, and including a strong dairying component (Cramp et al. 2014a; Roffet-Salque et al. 2017b). This preliminary study indicates the potential and necessity to investigate greater numbers of Rzucewo culture pottery from different vessel forms and a greater number of sites to gain more nuanced insights into the cultural and economic practices taking place.

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Archeologiczne odkrycia na trasie autostrady A4 w zachodniej Małopolsce

72%

Naglik R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

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2009

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issue 2(13) t. 3

97-106

PL

Poczynając od 1996 r., Krakowski Zespół do Badań Autostrad Sp. jawna - tworzona przez trzy największe krakowskie instytucje zajmujące się badaniami archeologicznymi: Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie i Uniwersytet Jagielloński - prowadzi archeologiczne wykopaliska ratownicze na trasie budowanej autostrady A4 w zachodniej Małopolsce. Przebadano dotąd ponad 150 ha terenu z kilkuset osadami i cmentarzyskami. Szczególne znaczenie ma odkrycie rozległych zgrupowań wczesnoneolitycznych osad powstających od połowy VI tysiąclecia p.n.e. Istotnych materiałów dostarczyły także groby i osady celtyckie z III-I w. p.n.e. Wyniki prowadzonych prac pozwalają na daleko idącą weryfikację dotychczasowych sądów co do chronologii i zasięgu występowania osadnictwa szeregu kultur archeologicznych w Małopolsce.

EN

Starting from 1996, the Krakowski Zaspół do Badań Autostrad Sp. jawna (The Krakow Team of Motorways Research general partnership) - established by three biggest Krakow institutions, which deal with archaeological research: Archaeological and Ethnological Institute PAN (Polish Academy of Science), Museum of Archaeology in Krakow and The Jagiellonian University - has been carrying out rescue archaeological excavations along the route of the A4 motorway being under construction in the west part of Małopolska region. 150 ha have been researched so far together with hundreds of settlements and burial mounds. The discovery of vast concentration of early-Neolithic settlements, established before the first half of VI millennium BC is of particular importance. Also, the Celtic tombs and settlements of III-I century BC have supplied essential materials. The research results of excavation works being carried out allow for far-reaching verification of former opinions, which refer to a chronology and localization of settlements of a wide range of archaeological cultur

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Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions for the Neolithic pile-dwelling Serteya II site case study, Western Russia

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Mazurkevich A., Dolbunova E., Kazakov E., Mroczkowska A., Pavlovskaia E., Piech W., Płóciennik M., Sikora J., Teltevskaya Y., Wieckowska-Lüth M., Kittel P.

Acta Geographica Lodziensia

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2018

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vol. 107

191-213

EN

The article presents the results of recent archaeological and geomorphological research conducted on Middle to Late Neolithic site Serteya II in the Serteysky microregion of the Dnepr-Dvina region (NW Russia). The interaction of archaeological and multidisciplinary palaeoenvironmental research allowed for the reconstruction of the natural environment transformations and the natural conditions of the activity of the ancient communities in the lower Serteyka River valley, the left-bank tributary of the Western Dvina River. The terrain relief of the area was formed after the recession of the Weichselian (Valdai) Ice Sheet. The present day Serteyka River valley occupies a subglacial channel that was earlier occupied by a few lake basins of almost two generations. The water basins of the first generation existed within glacial crevasses and between blocks of dead ice, and second generation lakes developed after the melting of dead ice in the Late Valdai. Throughout the entire Holocene, the Serteyka River drained several lake basins as a result of headward river erosion. The Neolithic Serteya II site occupied the surface of a kame terrace and biogenic plain within the palaeolake basin. The pile-dwelling settlement functioned there in a period when palaeolakes existed and were affected by transgression and regression of the water table. The main phase of pile-dwelling development is dated to ca. 4200–3800 cal BP and existed for almost 140 years. It was part of a wider settlement structure in the period of domination of a hunter–gatherer economy and the beginning of agriculture.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki ostatnich badań archeologicznych i geomorfologicznych środkowo- i późnoneolitycznego stanowisku Serteya II, zlokalizowanego w międzyrzeczu Dniepru i Dźwiny, w obrębie mikroregionu Sertejskiego (NW Rosja). Połączenie wyników badań archeologicznych i multidyscyplinarnych analiz paleośrodowiskowych pozwoliło na odtworzenie środowiska naturalnego i warunków przyrodniczych działalności dawnych społeczności w dolinie dolnej Sertejki, lewego dopływu Dźwiny. Rzeźba terenu została uformowana po ustąpieniu zlodowacenia wisły (wałdajskiego). Współczesna dolina wykorzystuje rynnę subglacjalną, w której wcześniej funkcjonowało kilka basenów jeziornych dwóch generacji. Zbiorniki pierwszej generacji rozwinęły się w szczelinach lodowych i w obniżeniach pomiędzy martwymi bryłami lądolodu. Jeziora drugiej generacji powstały po wytopieniu brył martwego lodu w późnym vistulianie. W trakcie holocenu rzeka Sertejka, w wyniku erozji wstecznej, zdrenowała kolejne jeziora. Osada neolityczna Serteya II zajmowała powierzchnię terasy kemowej oraz wkraczała na równinę biogeniczną w obrębie basenu jeziornego. Osadnictwo palafitowe funkcjonowało podczas okresów transgresji i regresji paleojezior. Główny okres jej rozwoju przypadał na 4200–3800 cal BP i trwał ponad 140 lat. Osada stanowiła część większej struktury osadniczej rozwijającej się w okresie przechodzenia lokalnych społeczności od gospodarki łowiecko-zbierackiej do prymitywnego rolnictwa.

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Osada kultury późnej ceramiki wstęgowej ze stanowiska 22 w Rakowcu, gm. Kwidzyn, woj. pomorskie

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Kurzyk K., Kwapiński A., Ruta A.

Pomorania Antiqua

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2019

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vol. Tom XXVIII

s. 183-195

EN

Site 22 in Rakowiec has been discovered in 2003 during rescue excavation on the route of the gas pipeline from Kwidzyn to Gardeja. The site is located on a small hill at moraine upland on clay soils with small stoniness (fig. 1). During the research 2 basinshaped features (features 3 and 5 – fig. 3; 5), 224 fragments of pottery, 1 fragment of stone saddle quern and 3 handstones related to Late Band Pottery culture (post-LBK) have been found. Potsherds recovered from the site are most probably homogeneous and come from single phase. The analysis of pottery ornamentation and technological features has shown that we can synchronize site witch the Brześć-Kujawski group (phases II b-III of post-LBK by Czerniak 1994), most likely with the late phase. Artefacts from the feature 5 as well as shape and dimensions of the pit are analogues to cellars from post-LBK long houses usually discovered inside or near the houses (Czerniak 2005; Grygiel 2009). No traces of post-LBK long houses have been found at the site. It may be a result of significant site destruction and the absence of preserved foundation ditches as well as insufficient area of excavation (width up to approx. 7 m). On the other hand the discovered features can be associated with a small settlement, with a different type of buildings without the classic post-LBK “long houses”. To answer this question we need some more field research on a wider area.

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Materiały kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej ze stanowiska Zakrzów 8, gm. Niepołomice

72%

Doros U., Fraś J. M., Markiewicz J., Nowak M.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

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2019

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vol. 33

112-165

EN

This article is a continuation of the published results of Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka (Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka – MŻKW)’s excavations at the multicultural archaeological site no. 8 in Zakrzów, Niepołomice municipality (AZP 103-58/24). Traces of Neolithic settlement representing the Linear Band Pottery culture (LBK) were analysed. Sparse cultural objects relating to this settlement phase, registered during the excavations, are most probably the remains of burrows serving an unspecified economic function, situated at a certain distance from a settlement not yet recognized at this site. Preserved fragments of vessel pottery permitted the linking of these structures with the socalled Zofipole style, known among others from the nearby ‘motorway’ sites situated on the north fringe of Wieliczka Foothills. These discoveries make an important contribution to our knowledge of the LBK’s early development stages in the upper Vistula estuary. The site’s location in an area replete with salty waters, as well as identified traces of younger settlement connected with saltworks, also prompt reflection on the use of salty waters already at the onset of the Neolithic age.

PL

Artykuł stanowi dalszą część opracowania wyników badań wykopaliskowych prowadzonych przez Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka w Wieliczce (MŻKW) na wielokulturowym stanowisku archeologicznym nr 8 w Zakrzowie, gm. Niepołomice (AZP 103-58/24). Analizie poddano ślady osadnictwa neolitycznego reprezentującego kulturę ceramiki wstęgowej rytej (KCWR). Nieliczne obiekty kulturowe związane z tą fazą zasiedlenia, zarejestrowane podczas wykopalisk, są najprawdopodobniej pozostałościami jam o bliżej nieokreślonej funkcji gospodarczej, ulokowanych w pewnym oddaleniu od nierozpoznanej jeszcze w tym miejscu osady. Zachowane fragmenty ceramiki naczyniowej pozwoliły na powiązanie tych struktur z tzw. stylem zofipolskim, znanym m.in. z pobliskich stanowisk „autostradowych” usytuowanych na północnym skraju Pogórza Wielickiego. Odkrycia te stanowią istotny przyczynek do stanu wiedzy na temat wczesnych faz rozwojowych KCWR w dorzeczu górnej Wisły. Lokalizacja stanowiska w strefie obfitującej w źródła słone, a także zidentyfikowane ślady młodszego osadnictwa związanego z warzelnictwem solnym, skłaniają również do refleksji nad problematyką eksploatacji solanek już w początkach neolitu.

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Badania archeologiczne prowadzone przez muzeum żup krakowskich Wieliczka w latach 2018–2019

72%

Fraś J. M., Kolebuk E., Pawlikowski S.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

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2020

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vol. 34

298-325

EN

The Archaeological Department of the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka conducted archaeological research in year 2018 on station 43 in Bochnia-Chodenice. Numerous movable historical objects and cultural artefacts were discovered in the course of the works. These discoveries should be linked to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age. Findings included artefacts of the linear pottery culture, the Malice culture, the Pleszów-Modlnica group, the Mierzanowice culture and the Lusatian culture. In years 2018-2019, preparations were commenced to conduct research at two barrow sites discovered in Kolanowski Forest near Bochnia (Bochnia-Kolanów, station no. 120; Łapczyca, station no. 90). Geomagnetic surveys and soil recognition boreholes were carried out in these locations, ALS data was developed and interpreted, and field penetrations were conducted several times. In year 2019, archaeological supervision of earthworks was commenced in association with the renovation of the former district court building, adapted to become the new headquarters of the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka.

PL

Dział Archeologiczny Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka w Wieliczce w roku 2018 prowadził badania wykopaliskowe na stanowisku 43 w Bochni-Chodenicach. W trakcie prowadzonych prac natrafiono na liczne zabytki ruchome i obiekty kulturowe. Odkrycia należy wiązać z okresem neolitu i epoką brązu. Wydzielono artefakty kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej, kultury malickiej, grupy pleszowsko-modlnickiej, kultury mierzanowickiej oraz kultury łużyckiej. W latach 2018–2019 rozpoczęto przygotowania do badań dwóch stanowisk kurhanowych odkrytych w Lesie Kolanowskim nieopodal Bochni (Bochnia-Kolanów, stan. 120; Łapczyca, stan. 90). Przeprowadzono tam badania geomagnetyczne, odwierty gleboznawcze, wykonano opracowanie i interpretację danych ALS oraz kilkukrotnie przeprowadzono penetracje terenowe. W 2019 r. rozpoczęto nadzór archeologiczny prac ziemnych, związanych z remontem budynku dawnego sądu powiatowego, adaptowanego na nową siedzibę Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka.

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Kultura pucharów lejkowatych na obszarze dawnych Prus Wschodnich (w świetle źródeł ceramicznych)

72%

Kukawka S., Małecka-Kukawka J.

Pomorania Antiqua

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2022

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vol. Tom XXXI

7–39

EN

According to Konrad Jażdżewski (1936), almost all of East Prussia was the farthest north-eastern area of the TRB. The article verified the published information about the pottery of this culture. Seven sites were unambiguously verified negative. The text and Figure 1 show 12 potential sites for which no illustrations of pottery have been found in the literature (Fig. 1 and text: 1-12) as well as 17 positively verified sites (Fig. 1 and text: 13-29). There are five sites associated with the permanent settlement of the TRB, which can be described as settlements (Fig. 1 and text: 18-22) and a swamp deposit (Fig. 1 and text: 28). It is possible that the alleged grave should be added to this group (Fig. 1 and text: 11). In five cases, TRB pottery can be considered as imported in a foreign, sub-Neolithic cultural environment of the Zedmar culture or Narva/Pit-Comb Ware culture (Fig. 1 and text: 23-27; site 27 located outside East Prussia - in Latvia). All sites associated with the TRB settlement form a small enclave in the east of Prussia (north-western part of the Iława Lake District and Żuławy Wiślane). Most of the sites included in this article are also concentrated there. The results significantly verify the extent of the TRB settlement proposed by K. Jażdżewski (1936), which is still often referred to by archaeologists (including, unfortunately, also Polish). This enclave is undoubtedly connected with the farthest north-eastern big centre of the TRB in the Chełmno Land (Adamczak, Kukawka, Małecka-Kukawka 2018). From here, the transmission of settlement to the north was carried out through the right-bank part of the Vistula River’s urstromtal and the adjacent western part of the Iława Lake District. In the Chełmno Land, the TRB can be divided into two main phases (stages of development) - the older one (around 4200/4100-3700/3600 BC) and the younger one (around 3700/3600-2900/2800 BC) with a transitional stage (around 3700-3600 BC) (Kukawka 2010). All settlements from East Prussia are in the older phase and in the transitional phase (around 3900/3800-3600 BC). The imports of the TRB pottery in the sub-Neolithic environment most likely also fall within this period. Apart from one fragment of pottery (site 17 – Bernburg type amphora), no late TRB materials were found. It can be suggested that the settlement of this culture disappears during the younger phase. A similar remark can be made concerning the imports of the TRB pottery on sub-Neolithic sites. This is consistent with the observations from the Chełmno Land, in the east of which settlement in the younger phase is disappearing, or at least significantly weakening (Adamczak, Kukawka, Małecka-Kukawka 2018). The aforementioned Bernburg type amphora is not related to the eastern group of the TRB and can probably be treated as a distant import in the Globular Amphora culture or the Corded Ware culture environment. Pottery with sub-Neolithic features also appeared on sites defined as TRB settlements. It is not related to the Zedmar culture, but to the broadly understood Narva/Pit-Comb Ware culture circle. This is also analogous to the observations from the Chełmno Land or, more broadly, the north-eastern part of the eastern part of the TRB (Kukawka 2010). The mutual relations of the ‘two worlds’ took place mainly along the Vistula Lagoon and further from Żuławy Wiślane through the Lower Vistula Valley to the Toruń Basin (Kukawka, Małecka-Kukawka, Adamczak in press). It should also be noted that the enclave of TRB settlement located in the western part of East Prussia does not go beyond the zone of post-linear sites of cultures of the Danube circle (Bigos 2014; Kurzyk, Kwapiński, Ruta 2019; Rybicka, Wysocki 2003). This is different from the views concerning the northern and western TRB groups. There, the emergence of this culture is treated as a stage of neolithization of new areas, previously exploited by hunter-gatherer groups. The lack of interest of archaeologists in the neolithization of the former East Prussia means that the state of the TRB recognition in this area will not change significantly in the coming years.

11

Siekiera czworościenna z Godziszewa w powiecie łobeskim

72%

Adamczyk M.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

|

2022

|

vol. 18

243-249

EN

The article presents a stray find of a Neolithic square axe from Godziszewo, Łobez district. The general shape of the artefact suggests Middle Neolithic origin, possibly related to the Globular Amphora culture.

12

Materiały z epoki kamienia z Ostrowa Lednickiego i jego najbliższej okolicy

72%

Sobkowiak-Tabaka I.

Studia Lednickie

|

2018

|

vol. 17

103-140

PL

The aim of this article is to analyze several hundred primeval artifacts (329 flints, 3 stone tools and 9 pieces of Neolithic pottery), which were found during excavations on Ostrów Lednicki and the burial ground in Dziekanowice. The above mentioned artifacts were found on a secondary deposit, in early medieval layers or in objects, and in a primaeval layer, which was detected in the immediate vicinity of Lednica Palatium. This significantly influences the interpretation options and only allows chronological and taxonomic classification of the artifacts with characteristic technological and typological features. 4 flint artifacts were connected with the Late Paleolithic stage of penetration of Ostrów Lednicki and its immediate surroundings, i.e. a part of a massive endscraper, a tanged point, a part of a shaft of a tanged point and of a backed piece. Because of the presence of tanged points, it is highly probable that the analyzed collection can be connected with flint manufacturing of the Świderska culture community. Ostrów Lednicki and its surroundings were also penetrated by Holocene hunter-gatherers, which is indicated by the presence of 14 Mesolithic flint artifacts. In the majority of cases they were cores, often microlithic, highly exploited. There were also single tools, such as a slender backed piece and two scrapers. Three stone artifacts can be clearly connected with the Neolithic — two hatchets made from fine-crystalline sandstone and a quartzitic broadax as well as several pieces of pottery. In the case of the pottery, 5 pieces should be connected with the presence of the Late Band Pottery Culture on Ostrów Lednicki, while 4 with the Funnel Beaker Culture communities. The remaining flint artifacts can only be generally associated with the Stone Age.

13

Výzkum pravěkého osídlení v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2017

58%

Varadzinová L., Varadzin L., Pacina J.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

|

2018

|

issue 20

34-45

EN

In the autumn of 2017, the exploration of the late prehistoric occupation on the west bank of the Nile at Jebel Sabaloka came to its fifth season. The fieldwork focused on the site of Fox Hill (SBK.W-20), last explored in 2012. Four trenches (no. 21–24) measuring 24 m2 in total (fig. 3) were excavated, all on Terrace 3 of the site (fig. 2). The most significant findings of the field campaign include the following: (1) A large late prehistoric burial ground was uncovered on Terrace 3. Based on the hitherto finds of intact (14 individuals) and disturbed burials and their distribution in Trenches 21 and 22 only, the burial ground appears to have been confined roughly to the southern third of Terrace 3 and to have contained at least several dozen deceased (figs. 4a, 5, 6). The use of shells of Nile bivalves as burial goods was attested (B.5, B.6; figs. 7 and 8); other items serving this function were not detected. Of interest is the presence of stone piles, in some cases carefully built, which covered burials particularly in the eastern part of Trench 22 (fig. 5). Before carrying out AMS 14C analyses, a Late Mesolithic dating can be tentatively put forward for (at least part of) this burial ground based on similarities to the burial ground at the site of Sphinx (e.g. Varadzinová –Varadzin 2017). (2) Terrace 3 had been used for settlement as well, both during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. Several settlement features were uncovered, of which at least two had shapes reminiscent of those characteristic of storage pits (F.54, F.57 –- not dated more precisely so far; fig. 4a). Also, a stratification of settlement layers was detected (fig. 4b). (3) Of utmost significance is the discovery of fragments of what appears to be a stratified sequence of layers of Pleistocene dating (!) (fig. 9). They contained numerous assemblages of lithics with an unusually high representation of vein quartz, tiny cores ca. 1 cm in size used for production of microbladelets possibly by indirect percussion, and other pieces of lithics exhibiting advanced patination. The material has tentatively been assigned to the Late Stone Age. (4) The first of its kind was also a workshop for the production of Neolithic gouges on red rhyolite (fig. 1, 2, 11), detected in the western part of Fox Hill, with finds of raw material, primary shaping waste, finalisation waste, and unfinished as well as finished artefacts. The exploration of the site will continue in 2018.

14

Charakterystyka zabytków krzemiennych z wielokulturowego stanowiska Zakrzów 8, gm. Niepołomice

58%

Lajs K., Fraś J.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

|

2017

|

vol. 32

182-249

XX

The following study covers flint artefacts unearthed during the six seasons of archaeological excavations conducted by the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka, at the multi-cultural site no. 8 in Zakrzów, Niepołomice municipality, county of Wieliczka. It is intended as the first stage of a wider analysis including the reminder of artefacts, characteristics of archaeological features, and structure of settlements in the microregion. The site was first discovered during surface work within the AZP 103- 58 rectangular area, conducted during 1983 by Antoni Jodłowski, Kazimierz Reguła and Adam Szybowicz2. The site is located at Wieliczka foothills [Pogórze Wielickie], on the south-eastern slopes of the Tropie Góry hills, rolling towards the Bogusława river – also known as the Zakrzówek stream. In the recent years, the area has been under continuous development due to robust expansion of residential areas as well as businesses opening along the national road no. 964. The undeveloped plot no. 495/2, neighbouring the road from the south, was selected for the archaeological work. Its longer axis points approximately towards the S-E direction. The excavations covered an area reaching 60 m in length and 15 m in width. In total, the area of 8 ares was explored, which resulted in the identification of over 100 features, mostly from the Neolithic period. Found underneath the humus layer were deposits with inclusions of historical materials, filling a ground depression between two local humps invisible from the surface. The bottom of the excavated ditch featured formations whose genesis is likely the result of aqueous environment. This allows us to suppose that there was at least a periodically active spring in this region. Further evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from the layout of identified archaeological features, whose placement avoids the likely area of the watercourse. The depression was probably filled gradually, as suggested by the depth-varying numbers and provenance of unearthed artefacts. The substrate consists of hard sandy clay formations, with multiple ferrous inclusions. A large percentage of the unearthed ceramics consists of so-called ‘sandy’ ceramics, which may suggest the spring being used as the source of brine, or perhaps simply of water used in the production of such vessels. This topic will be elaborated upon in the further stages of the study. The site is multi-cultural in its character. Only few among the archaeological finds can be attributed to the final stages of the Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic periods. The core of the finds consists of Neolithic artefacts, present both in the identified deposit strata and within the archaeological features. A small group of artefacts and features is attributable to the Linear Pottery Culture of the Zofipole stage (2nd half of the 6th millennium BCE), with much more numerous finds from the late stages of the Pleszów-Modlnica group (2nd half of the 5th millennium BCE) and the Wyciąże-Złotniki group (1st half of the 4th millennium BCE) of the Lengyel-Polgár circle. Also identified were various numbers of artefacts from the Lusatian Culture, Tyniec group, Przeworsk Culture, and materials dating from the Medieval period up until the modern times, including a rifleman’s strongpoint from 1914. Due to the particulars of the site stratigraphy, the majority of artefacts comes from a secondary fill, which robs them of some cultural and chronological contexts. Consequently, the main part of the analysis of flint material will be focusing on artefacts from anthropogenic features in which culturally homogeneous ceramics were found. The finds were associated with three horizons: Linear Pottery Culture, and Pleszów-Modlnica group and Wyciąże-Złotniki group of the Lengyel-Polgár circle (Table no. I).

15

Výzkum pravěkého osídlení v západní části pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2018

58%

Varadzinová L., Varadzin L., Crevecœur I., Kapustka K., McCool J.-P., Sůvová Z.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

|

2019

|

issue 22

43-53

EN

The most significant findings of the ongoing exploration of the Fox Hill site in the western part of the Sabaloka Mountains include the detection of extensive remains of a more-than-one-metre thick deposit on Terrace 1, tentatively interpreted as a relic of prehistoric Nile floods that must have reached as high as 10 metres above the present level of the Nile inundation, and the confirmation of the considerable size of the burial ground on Terrace 3, where 26 primary inhumations and 21 groups of more or less articulated human bones appertaining to a still unspecified number of individuals have been uncovered so far. Further examples of scarce remains of grave goods were found with three individuals (stone tools, bones of a large mammal, beads of ostrich eggshell and red quartz). We suppose Mesolithic dating for most of the burials, but a Neolithic date is more likely in the case of the burial of a child with stone beads found in the uppermost stratigraphic position (indication of the continuity of the burial ground into the Neolithic). It is thus confirmed that Fox Hill stands out in many respects in the settlement structure of the western part of the Sabaloka Mountains and can constitute a source of data of extraordinary significance for addressing a number of issues of supra-regional importance.

CS

Mezi nejvýznamnější poznatky pokračujícího výzkumu lokality Liščí kopec v západní části pohoří Sabaloka patří nalezení rozsáhlých pozůstatků více než 1 m mocných souvrství na terase 1, předběžně interpretovaných jako relikt prehistorických nilských záplav dosahujících úrovně cca 10 m nad současnými záplavami. Neméně významné je potvrzení značné velikosti pohřebiště na terase 3, odkud dosud pochází 26 jedinců v primární poloze plus 21 skupin více či méně artikulovaných lidských kostí, které patří zatím neurčenému počtu jedinců. Byly rovněž nalezeny další ojedinělé pozůstatky pohřební výbavy u tří jedinců (kamenné nástroje, kosti velkého savce a korálky ze skořápek pštrosích vajec a červeného křemene). U většiny pohřbů předpokládáme datování do mezolitu, avšak dětský hrob s kamennými korálky v nejmladší stratigrafické pozici je pravděpodobně neolitického stáří (indicie pro kontinuitu pohřebiště do neolitu). Potvrzuje se tak, že tato lokalita v řadě ohledů vyniká v rámci sídlištní struktury celé západní části pohoří Sabaloka a že může být mimořádně významným zdrojem dat pro řešení otázek nadregionálního významu.

16

Starsze fazy osadnictwa na wielokulturowym, wydmowym stanowisku Miasteczko Śląskie 2 na tle uwarunkowań środowiska i kierunków rozwoju lokalnej gospodarki (Obniżenie Małej Panwi)

58%

Foltyn E., Waga J. M., Fajer M., Magiera T., Michczyński A., Chróst L.

Acta Geographica Lodziensia

|

2018

|

vol. 107

137-153

PL

Badania prowadzone były w usytuowanym na wydmie stanowisku archeologicznym Miasteczko Śląskie 2. Prace archeologiczne i geologiczne ujawniły ślady bytności człowieka ze środkowej epoki kamienia, okresu wpływów rzymskich, średniowiecza, a w sąsiednich torfowiskach poziomy węgli drzewnych z okresu neolitu. Stanowisko Miasteczko Śląskie 2 przypuszczalnie wyznacza strefę peryferyjną większego, wielodzielnego obozowiska lub miejsca krótkiego postoju gromady mezolitycznych łowcówzbieraczy- rybaków. Opierając się na przesłankach technologicznych i typologicznych, inwentarz warunkowo może być przypisany do kompleksu Duvensee lub kultury komornickiej. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że przebywające na wydmie społeczności mezolitu realizowały zadania gospodarki łowiecko-zbierackiej w zakresie wytwórczości krzemieniarskiej, prawdopodobnie polowania na ptaki i gromadzenia surowców mineralnych z przeznaczeniem na barwniki. W okresie wpływów rzymskich i w średniowieczu w pobliżu eksploatowano drewno sosnowe i torf. Kopanie torfu zbiega się w czasie z intensyfikacją górnictwa i rozwojem metalurgii w okolicach Tarnowskich Gór, które pociągnęło za sobą wzrost zapotrzebowania na drewno i węgiel drzewny. Aktywność ta została zapisana także w postaci wzrostu zawartości metali ciężkich w okolicznych torfowiskach.

EN

The study was conducted at the Miasteczko Śląskie 2 archaeological site, which is situated on a dune. The archaeological and geological work performed there uncovered traces of human presence from the Middle Stone Age, the period of Roman influence, the Middle Ages and – in charcoal levels of neighbouring peat bogs – from the Neolithic period. The Miasteczko Śląskie 2 site presumably belonged to a peripheral zone of a larger camp of multiple parts, or was perhaps a place where a group of Mesolithic huntergatherer-fishermen stayed for a short time. On the basis of its technological and typological characteristics, the inventory may be conditionally attributed to the Duvensee complex or the Komornica culture. The studies conducted indicate that the Mesolithic communities inhabiting the dune were hunter-gatherers who produced flint tools, and probably hunted birds and collecting mineral resources to make dyes. During the period of Roman influence and in the Middle Ages, pine wood and peat were sourced in the vicinity. Peat digging coincided with an intensification in mining and the development of metallurgy in the vicinity of the modern-day city of Tarnowskie Góry, which resulted in an increase in demand for wood and charcoal. This activity was also reflected in an increase in heavy-metal concentrations in nearby peat bogs.

17

Badania archeologiczne prowadzone przez muzeum żup krakowskich Wieliczka w roku 2017

58%

Fraś J. M.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

|

2019

|

vol. 33

262-285

EN

The study indicates discoveries made by employees of the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka in 2017, that contribute to larger, comprehensive analyses. In the described year, surveys were conducted on site 43 in Bochnia–Chodenice. Research resulted in identification of new historical artefacts dated at the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age. The largest quantity of findings is assigned to the Lengyel–Polgár cultures. The identified historical objects also represent the Linear Band Pottery culture, the Mierzanowice and Lusatian cultures. All findings are considered and analysed in the context of salt making by brine evaporation, a method common in prehistory in the Wieliczka and Bochnia region The materials discovered over seasons on the site located in Bochnia–Chodenice principally give a new insight into the topic of salt making in Neolithic cultures. The most important findings originate from the Malice and Lublin–Volhynia cultures.

PL

Artykuł sygnalizuje odkrycia dokonane przez pracowników Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka w Wieliczce w roku 2017, które są przyczynkiem do większych całościowych opracowań. W opisywanym roku badania prowadzono na stanowisku 43 w Bochni Chodenicach. Doprowadziły one do identyfikacji kolejnych zabytków związanych z okresem mezolitu, neolitu oraz epoki brązu. Największa ilość znalezisk wiąże się z szeroko pojętym kręgiem lendzielsko–polgarskim. Ponadto identyfikowane są zabytki kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej, kultury mierzanowickiej oraz kultury łużyckiej. Wszystkie odkrycia rozpatrywane są w aspekcie rozpowszechnionego w pradziejach, w regionie wielicko–bicheńskim, pozyskiwania soli metodami warzelniczymi. Odkrycia dokonane w kolejnych sezonach na stanowisku w Bochni–Chodenicach wnoszą nowe spojrzenie przede wszystkim na problematykę warzelnictwa kultur neolitycznych. Do najistotniejszych należą ustalenia związane z kulturą malicką oraz kulturą lubelsko wołyńską.

18

Konstrukcje megalityczne w dorzeczu środkowej Regi. Badania nieinwazyjne w latach 2015–2017

58%

Przybyła B.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

|

2020

|

vol. 16

37-79

EN

The article describes results of the research on megalithic tombs located in the central River Rega basin, conducted in 2015–2017.

19

Stanowiska archeologiczne w powiecie siedleckim

51%

Czerwieniec-Ivasyk M.

Radzyński Rocznik Humanistyczny

|

2023

|

vol. 21

7-29

EN

Archaeological sites in the Siedlecka Upland allow to observe a cross–section of the entire history of settlement in this area from the late Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. The area, situated on sandy terminal moraines, was not a very attractive settlement location, despite the widely branched waterways. In the area of the currently functioning region, several hundred traces of human presence in this area have been identified. Some of the finds were incidental and did not constitute the basis for in–depth searches. Among the registered archaeological sites, there are those where extensive excavations and rescue research are carried out. Due to the constantly new research methods, opening new archaeological sites is absolutely justified, which will bring new discoveries and hitherto unknown artifacts of settlement in this area.

PL

Stanowiska archeologiczne na Wysoczyźnie Siedleckiej pozwalają na zaobserwowanie historii osadnictwa na tym terenie od późnego paleolitu do średniowiecza. Teren usytuowany na piaszczystych morenach czołowych, mimo szeroko rozgałęzionych szlaków wodnych, nie stanowił bardzo atrakcyjnej lokalizacji osadniczej. Na obszarze obecnie funkcjonującego powiatu udało wyodrębnić się kilkaset śladów obecności ludzkiej na tym terenie. Część ze znalezisk była incydentalnych i nie stanowiła podstawy do pogłębionych poszukiwań. Wśród zarejestrowanych stanowisk archeologicznych wyróżnić można te, na których prowadzone są szeroko zakrojone badania wykopaliskowe, jak i badania ratownicze. W związku z wciąż nowymi metodami badawczymi, otwieranie nowych stanowisk archeologicznych jest jak najbardziej zasadne, co przyniesie nowe odkrycia i dotychczas nieznane artefakty bytności osadniczej na tym terenie.

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Neolityczne i wczesnobrązowe materiały z okolic miejscowości Kuty na Ukrainie w zbiorach Państwowego Muzeum Archeologicznego w Warszawie

Ceramiczne materiały neolityczne ze stanowiska IA w Strzyżowie, pow. hrubieszowski

Neolityczna antropomorficzna figurka kamienna z miejscowości Tupadły, stan. 1, pow. inowrocławski

Analiza pozostałości organicznych w ceramice kultury rzucewskiej z Rzucewa

Archeologiczne odkrycia na trasie autostrady A4 w zachodniej Małopolsce

Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions for the Neolithic pile-dwelling Serteya II site case study, Western Russia

Osada kultury późnej ceramiki wstęgowej ze stanowiska 22 w Rakowcu, gm. Kwidzyn, woj. pomorskie

Materiały kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej ze stanowiska Zakrzów 8, gm. Niepołomice

Badania archeologiczne prowadzone przez muzeum żup krakowskich Wieliczka w latach 2018–2019

Kultura pucharów lejkowatych na obszarze dawnych Prus Wschodnich (w świetle źródeł ceramicznych)

Siekiera czworościenna z Godziszewa w powiecie łobeskim

Materiały z epoki kamienia z Ostrowa Lednickiego i jego najbliższej okolicy

Výzkum pravěkého osídlení v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2017

Charakterystyka zabytków krzemiennych z wielokulturowego stanowiska Zakrzów 8, gm. Niepołomice

Výzkum pravěkého osídlení v západní části pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2018

Starsze fazy osadnictwa na wielokulturowym, wydmowym stanowisku Miasteczko Śląskie 2 na tle uwarunkowań środowiska i kierunków rozwoju lokalnej gospodarki (Obniżenie Małej Panwi)

Badania archeologiczne prowadzone przez muzeum żup krakowskich Wieliczka w roku 2017

Konstrukcje megalityczne w dorzeczu środkowej Regi. Badania nieinwazyjne w latach 2015–2017

Stanowiska archeologiczne w powiecie siedleckim