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Język Polski
|
2012
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vol. 92
|
issue 1
71–73
PL
W artykule omówiono nowe znaczenie, w jakim używane jest słowo „flota" w połączeniach takich jak „flota samochodowa". W tym nowym znaczeniu można analizowany rzeczownik zdefiniować jako ‘ogół środków transportu, jakimi dysponuje firma lub inna jednostka organizacyjna'.
EN
The article is a semantic analysis of the new meaning of the word "flota" in Polish.
PL
The article discusses the definition of chronological corpora and lexical series generated thanks to them; moreover, it describes various conceptualizations of categories of time in corpus studies. Chronological corpora are defined in opposition to general and historical corpora. Time is presented in structural perspective (continuity, circularity), anthropological perspective (astronomical, cultural, political, civilizational time) and methodological perspective (models of time series analysis). Taking into account specificity of lexical and statistical data, a model of anomaly (catastrophe) expressed in sudden increase or decrease of lexeme frequency has been added to used models of sequential phenomena (linear trend, periodic oscillations and random variations). Basing on the analysis of lexical series, the method of automatic identification of potential keywords (they follow a model of anomaly) and neosemantisms (they follow a seriously disturbed model of a steady trend).
Poradnik Językowy
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2020
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vol. 773
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issue 4
21-34
EN
Internet memes are an important element of the modern culture and their vocabulary is transmitted to other texts thus becoming an important component of communication and familiarity with it becomes necessary for the understanding of various statements and utterances. The object of the description is the meme eponyms and their derivatives. In the analysis of derivative words, the nest methodology and synchronic word formation principles were applied, and in the description of their bases, i.e. eponyms identical to the base ones, references were made to the studies by B. Dereń and M. Rutkowski. The research permitted the determination of a high word formation activity of meme eponyms the status of which varies: some of them are stabilised, which allows their recognition as dictionary units, while others are textual. A large number of the structures have been created with the use of the same formants and word formation techniques. What deserves particular attention is verbs, which are very seldom coined based on first names. Similarities to creating eponyms based on last names can be seen in derivation. Adjectives with the suffi xes –owat(y) and –ow(y) are coined fairly often. The analysed eponyms and their derivatives refer to the stereotypes of Poles functioning in online texts, which differ from the self-stereotypes functioning in the Polish culture to date.
Poradnik Językowy
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2023
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vol. 805
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issue 6
79-90
EN
The aim of this article is to describe the neosemantism subskrypcja (and its derivatives) in the Polish language. The description consists in juxtaposing the hitherto meanings of the word (derived from the Universal Dictionary of Polish (USJP)) with new meanings, derived mainly from the Internet, and with selected definitions of the corresponding English word (a subscription). The frequency of the word along with its derivatives in Polish is also analysed (using the corpus-based research method). The findings show that the frequency of the discussed word and its derivative forms is growing, they are found in more and more new contexts, and their development in Polish is multi directional. This article presents also a brief normative commentary on the described innovations. This is because the discussed words are often overused and their new usages do not always seem purposeful.
PL
Celem artykułu jest opis neosemantyzmu subskrypcja (oraz wyrazów pochodnych) w polszczyźnie. Opis polega na zestawieniu dotychczasowych znaczeń słowa (zaczerpniętych z USJP) ze znaczeniami nowymi, zaczerpniętymi głównie z sieci Internet, a także z wybranymi definicjami odpowiadającego mu słowa angielskiego (subscription). Analizowana jest także częstość słowa wraz z derywatami w polszczyźnie (metodą badań korpusowych). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że częstość omawianego wyrazu i jego form pochodnych rośnie, stale pojawiają się w nowych kontekstach użycia, a ich rozwój w polszczyźnie przebiega wielotorowo. Artykuł przedstawia również krótki komentarz normatywny dotyczący opisywanych innowacji. Omawiane słowa są bowiem nierzadko nadużywane, a ich nowe użycia nie zawsze wydają się celowe.
EN
The aim of the article is the description of registered by amateur online dictionaries names of people because of their nationality and race. The author carries out semantic and structural analyses of these terms. The next stage of the study is to compare the analysed names with similar vocabulary recorded in traditional dictionaries, allowing to illustrate changes in the last few years and to indicate of development trends. The author assumes that the vocabulary registered in the dictionaries created by amateurs represents a colloquial way of thinking and seeing the world, as well as what is the most interesting in language for an average user. Description of the distinguished set of vocabulary, rather representative of the general terms in online dictionaries, may be helpful in the characteristics of the entire vocabulary recorded by amateur online dictionaries.
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