Search results

1

Neurobiological and Relational Bases for Understanding Aggressiveness

100%

Poljak Lukek S., Valenta, T.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2020

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vol. 10

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issue 1

155-176

EN

Aggression is a deliberate, proactive or impulsive, defensive or active act, expressed through the use of physical power or psychological pressure. As such, it is a significant element of violent behaviour. According to developmental stages, aggression is expressed in various forms and is associated with the specific ways of regulating the feelings of shame and anger. We assume that excessive exposure and interrupted contact in development can lead to a specific regulation of the affects of shame and anger in a person who, because he feels threatened, can transform these feelings into aggressive behaviour. In addition, the dysregulated affects can lead to the dissociation of emotional experience, and thus to the inability to feel empathy, which allows for deliberate or proactive aggressiveness. Furthermore, the text presents the basic conclusions of research in the neurobiological understanding of aggression. The aggressive action is characterized by the specific functioning of the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Abuse in childhood and relational trauma are presented as a starting point for the specific functioning of the brain and specific affect regulation, which can also be associated with aggressive behaviour in adulthood.

2

Jerzy Vetulani – scientist, populariser of neuroscience, artist

100%

Przewłocki R., Przegaliński E.

Nauka

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2017

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issue 2

PL

Professor Jerzy Vetulani passed away on the 6th of April 2017. He was born on 21st January 1936 in Kraków. In 1957 he earned his B.A. in Biology and in 1963 in Chemistry from Jagiellonian University. He began to work in 1957 at the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków and got a PhD in 1966. Prof. Vetulani did Habiltation in Institute of Immunology and Experi-mental Therapy in Wrocław in 1976. His scientific career throughout all extremely active scientific life was connected with the Institute of Pharmacology. He became Head of the Department of Biochemistry in 1976 and from 1994 until 2002 he was the Deputy Director for Science Affairs and from 2002 Vice Chairman of the Scientific Council. He was elected Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received a Doctor honoris causa degrees from the Medical University of Silesia and the Medical University of Łódź. He published about 240 original scientific papers in the areas of neuropharmacology and neurobiology. He was exceptional neuropharmacologist. His research, conducted together with Fridolin Sulser and his group allowed to obtain interesting data that repeatedly administered antidepressants induce adaptive changes in the noradrenergic system and to formulate a hypothesis on the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs suggesting “downregulation” of β-adrenergic receptors. His research interests included neuropharmacology of addiction, neurodegeneration and mechanisms of memory. He was an excellent academic, admired and followed by many pharmacologists and neuroscientists. Professor Vetulani was also very active in the area of popularization of neuroscience. He was, a superb, provocative and witty speaker, someone who everybody wanted to hear. Professor Vetulani had the soul of the artist. In the late sixties, he was an announcer and one of the creators of famous Polish Kraków cabaret “Piwnica pod Baranami” (1954–1961) and more recently a regular participant in other cabaret “Gadający Pies”. Professor Jerzy Vetulani had many different talents and accompanying him always intellectual perversity and above all sense of freedom and independence.

3

Rytm w perspektywach: lingwistycznej i neurobiologicznej

89%

Młynarska G.

Investigationes Linguisticae

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2015

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issue 32

53-83

EN

This article is about rhythm from the linguistic and neurobiological perspectives. Comparing data from both domains could enable clarification of (long–term) confusion in acoustic and conceptual ideas of rhythm as well as providing a multidimensional definition of this category with solid neurobiological grounding and taking aspects of modeling speech production into consideration.

4

Uczenie się w perspektywie św. Tomasza z Akwinu i neurobiologii – dysharmonicznie czy unisono?

87%

Michał Nowicki M. N., Kowalska K.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2016

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issue 42

273-288

EN

In this article, we review the pedagogical ideas of St. Thomas Aquinas, as well as the assumptions of neurogenesis, synapsogenesis and mindfulness and their utility in educational directives. Our aim is to verify whether these both positions are consistent. The end result is to specify the character of teacher, which will consent with St. Thomas’ and neurobiologists ideas.

5

Dziecko z FASD – terapia neurologopedyczna

75%

Pawłowska-Jaroń H., Orłowska-Popek Z.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2022

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vol. 29

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issue 1

197-209

EN

The article characterises Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders as a holistic developmen- tal disorder, emphasising the importance of communication difficulties, both verbal and non-verbal. By pointing successively to the pathological changes in the anatomy and the functioning of individual parts of the CNS, the authors draw attention to the aspects of the impaired development of a child with FASD (FAS, PFAS, ND-PAE, FAS without confirmed prenatal alcohol exposure) and the possibility of providing support through proper programming of the therapeutic process while taking into consider- ation neurobiological knowledge. In the therapeutic work with a child affected by fetal alcohol syndrome, the starting point should be the identification of the child’s strengths rather than deficits. These children require holistic therapy, thanks to which it is pos- sible to eliminate the health, communication and also social problems. The authors present the methods of overall development interactions with the aim of creating the foundations of the language.

6

Metaphors and metaphorical language/s in religion, art and science

63%

Fritsch-Oppermann S. C.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2020

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vol. 56

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issue 3

31-50

EN

Languages play an essential role in communicating aesthetic, scientific and religious convictions, as well as laws, worldviews and truths. Additionally, metaphors are an essential part of many languages and artistic expressions. In this paper I will first examine the role metaphors play in religion and art. Is there a specific focus on symbolic and metaphoric language in religion and art? Where are the analogies to be found in artistic metaphors and religious ones? How are differences to be described? How do various (philosophical) concepts of aesthetics and theological concepts explain those different kinds of language and how, if at all, do they make use of them? Lastly: what could be added to aesthetics, philosophy and theology by examining carefully the role and importance of language, including nonverbal, sign language and especially metaphorical language? Without the human capacity for language, religions are scarcely imaginable. A widening of traditional exegesis and hermeneutics by taking into account nonverbal semantics is needed. Religion is a cognitive and linguistic phenomenon. By taking this seriously, we set and enable an agenda to discuss religion scientifically, leaving aside for the purpose of a scientific understanding and discourse about the inter-religious and the inner-religious claims of truth and absolutist claims. To sum it up: metaphor is introduced as an important means of language when it comes to religious conceptualization. Next, I will show that art, more than religion, deals with visual metaphor – the latter being an image that suggests a particular association, similarity or analogy between two (or more) generally unconnected visual elements. This often, but not always, functions in a roughly comparable fashion to the better-known concept of verbal metaphor. In addition, visual metaphor has developed many original and unique characteristics. These two sections are followed by another one dealing with (inter)cultural philosophy of religion and aesthetics, as well as the meaning of metaphors for these disciplines. The next section is on metaphor and metaphorical language in mathematics, natural sciences and art and how they are related, i.e. influence and help each other. I will discuss the critical approach to metaphors in natural science and provide a short introduction to the cultural history of mathematics and art. Mathematicians and artists have long been on the quest to understand the physical world they see before them and the abstract objects they know by thought alone. How have art and mathematics helped each other in representing each other’s concepts? A final section provides a summary and an outlook: theology is contextual as is science – and so is art. All these disciplines partly rely upon metaphor and by the help of metaphor get closer to an intercultural and interdisciplinary understanding. I shall argue that, by dealing more carefully with their metaphorical language and their own metaphors, together they become better equipped to map the world. -------------- Received: 20/03/2020. Reviewed: 23/04/2020. Accepted: 15/05/2020

7

“In Harmony with Reason”: John Duns Scotus’s Theo-aesth/ethics

63%

Bychkov O.

Open Theology

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2014

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vol. 1

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issue 1

EN

Over the past two decades, the debate has intensified over the nature of John Duns Scotus’s (meta) ethics: is it a purely voluntarist “divine command” ethics or is it still based on rational principles? The former side is exemplified by Thomas Williams and the latter by Allan Wolter. Scotus claims that even the divine commandments that are not based on natural law are still somehow “in harmony with reason.” But what does this mean? Richard Cross in a recent study claims that God’s reasons for establishing certain moral norms are “aesthetic.” However, he fails to show clearly what is “aesthetic” about these reasons or why God’s will would follow “aesthetic” principles in legislating moral norms. This article clarifies both points, first, by painting an up-to-date picture of what constitutes “aesthetic” principles, and second, by providing a more accurate model of the way the human volitional faculty operates and addressing the problem of the “freedom of the will” from a present-day point of view.

8

Preface: Reflections on Emotions

63%

Dąbrowski A.

Studia Humana

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 3

3-7

EN

Many academic disciplines have offered important explanations of various aspects of emotion. In the Preface I try to present a wide range of research and stress that study on emotions had its origins in philosophy.

9

In Search Spirituality Biology

63%

Dyk W.

Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana

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2019

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issue 1

27-39

EN

In the context of brain evolutionary processes, thalamus plays important role in shaping of spirituality. Animal and human brain structure and function shows evolutionary leap between infraorbital region and prefrontal cortex which gives foundation for searching there human spirituality. Neuroscientists does not only associate human spirituality with brain evolution and development but also see foundations of morality and consciousness in its structures. Recent neurobiological research results are very insightful in what used to be exclusively philosophical area of expertise. Considerations presented in the article include language, morality, rationality and mind in context of evolution.

PL

W kontekście procesów ewolucji mózgu wzgórze odgrywa istotną rolę w kształtowaniu się duchowości. Struktura i funkcja mózgu zwierzęcia i człowieka wykazują ewolucyjny przeskok między okolicą podoczodołową a korą przedczołową, co daje podstawę poszukiwania w tych rejonach duchowości ludzkiej. Neuronaukowcy nie tylko wiążą duchowość człowieka z ewolucją i rozwojem mózgu, ale także dopatrują się w jego strukturach podstaw moralności i sumienia.

10

Grammatik und Dynamik — Dynamik in der Grammatik

63%

Jenko E., Liaunigg M.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

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2014

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vol. special issue

78-90

EN

Grammar and Dynamics — Dynamics in the Grammar. Based on functional grammar theory we apply insights from the field of neurobiology like the following: In second language acquisition for morphologically rich languages grammar is developed on „search paths“ and „ways of thinking“. Practice and application must be given time. As a result, we replace pre-formed constant patterns by their variations, when it comes to repetitions in teaching situations. We use grammar games as a means for producing variation. In that way patterns are independently developed, validated and corrected if necessary.

11

Zwierzęca świadomość ciała – czyją własnością jest ciało zwierzęcia?

45%

Wronarowicz P.

Diametros

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2013

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issue 36

147-165

PL

W artykule, w oparciu o zagadnienie świadomości ciała, stawiam pytanie, czy zwierzęta posiadają swoje ciała na własność. Problematyka świadomości zwierząt innych niż ludzie, przedstawiona głównie na podstawie prac Donalda R. Griffina, zostaje dookreślona do problematyki świadomości ciała dzięki argumentom zaczerpniętym z somaestetyki Richarda Shustermana i neurobiologii. Choć próba ustalenia granicy pomiędzy zwierzętami świadomymi swoich ciał a zwierzętami ich nieświadomymi nie daje ostatecznych odpowiedzi, udaje się wskazać miejsce świadomości ciała zwierząt wśród wielu typów świadomości oraz podzielić ją na świadomość ciała jako czujność (body-awareness) i świadomość ciała wyższego rzędu (body-consciousness). Świadomość siebie (self-awareness) nie jest wymagana do uznania świadomości ciała w obu przypadkach, co oznacza, że posiadać ją może znacznie więcej gatunków niż jedynie te, które pomyślnie przechodzą test Gallupa. Podsumowaniem artykułu jest wskazanie, który poziom świadomości ciała wystarcza do uznania zwierzęcego prawa do własnych ciał, czyli wstępna propozycja odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy zwierzęta są prawowitymi właścicielami swoich ciał.

EN

This paper considers the body ownership of nonhuman animals, related to the body consciousness problem. The issue of nonhuman animal consciousness is based on Donald R. Griffin’s work and is narrowed down to body-consciousness with the addition of arguments from Richard Shusterman's Body Consciousness and neurobiology. The attempt to set a boundary between animals which have body awareness and those which do not is inconclusive. However, it was possible to locate animal body-consciousness among the different types of awareness and to distinguish between body-awareness and higher degree body-consciousness. The latter type does not need self-awareness to be recognized. This means that many more species than only those that are able to pass Gallup's test may have this kind of consciousness. The article ends by pointing out which type of consciousness/awareness is sufficient for determining whether animals have a right to their bodies and are their rightful owners.

12

Artysta jako nieświadomy neurobiolog. Filmoznawczo-neurokognitywistyczna analiza myśli Hugo Münsterberga i Lwa Kuleszowa

44%

Przybysz H.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

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2019

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vol. 25

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issue 34

137-147

EN

Przybysz Hanna, Artysta jako nieświadomy neurobiolog. Filmoznawczo-neurokognitywistyczna analiza myśli Hugo Münsterberga i Lwa Kuleszowa [An artist treated as an unconscious neurobiologist in the context of cognitive film studies: Hugo Münsterberg and Lev Kuleshov]. “Images” vol. XXV, no. 34. Poznań 2019. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Pp. 137–147. ISSN 1731-450X. DOI 10.14746/i.2019.34.08. The history and theory of art have often shown, before the era of neurobiology, cognitive psychology and cognitive science, that great artists are unconscious neurobiologists, activating with their art the areas of the brain of recipients that cause aesthetic experience, and using in their works the principles of perception or optical illusions, unknown to ordinary mortals, and sometimes also to creators at the level of consciousness. The following considerations are intended to approximate and, to some extent, to rehabilitate and save film creators and theoreticians who are being forgotten, the ones who, long before the discoveries of the cognitive sciences, considered theoretically and carried out empirical experiments aimed at showing and explaining the mysteries of human perception and the influence of the film on the viewer. I will present the profiles of the two pioneers of pre-cognitive thought on the basis of film studies: Hugo Münsterberg and Lew Kuleszow. I will show that half a century before neuroscientific research, they dealt with the cognitive processes of human cognition. I will present the contemporary state of cognitive sciences to illustrate the pioneering and legitimacy of visions, intuitions and achievements of the above creators, who are underestimated and forgotten by time and the achievements of “cold” science, although neuroesthetics researchers who have been involved in the problem of perception of works of art and rehabilitation of the merits of the past in the area of neuroscience for some time cannot be denied their achievements. Ignoring their contribution and achievements in the science of cognition, especially as to this day they are continued in research laboratories, in my subjective opinion, equals the potential underestimation of Leonardo da Vinci’s contribution to medical science or Darwin’s to research emotions.

13

Tajemnice ASMR – perspektywa ogólna i lingwistyczna

32%

Ozga K.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

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2020

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vol. 58

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issue 3

301-334

EN

The article presents the concept of ASMR (Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response) from a general and a linguistic perspective. The definition of the notion and a review on the state of research is followed by a classification of ASMR triggers based on the senses which constitute the source of experiencing the ASMR effect. The author argues that touch and smell be included in the classification of the triggers. The linguistic analysis focuses on the following issues: the phonetic properties of the voice triggers, onomastics – a grammatical and conceptual study of the 17 classes of medionyms (names of ASMR channels) which were distinguished in the present research, and the ASMR discourse as the space where phatic and social functions are carried out on the part of ASMRtists as factors developing bonds within the ASMR community and where evaluative and persuasive functions are prominent in the comments of the recipients.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje zjawisko ASMR (Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response, tłum. pol. samoistna odpowiedź meridianow czuciowych) z perspektywy ogólnej i lingwistycznej. Definicja pojęcia i zreferowanie stanu badań stanowią wprowadzenie do klasyfikacji wyzwalaczy ASMR ze względu na zmysły stanowiące źródło doświadczania tzw. efektu ASMR. Autor przedstawia argumenty za włączeniem dotyku i zapachu do klasyfikacji wyzwalaczy. Lingwistyczna analiza zjawiska koncentruje się wokół fonetycznych właściwości wyzwalaczy głosowych, aspektów onomastycznych – analiza gramatyczna i konceptualna wyodrębnionych 17 klas medionimów (nazw kanałów ASMR) oraz dyskursu jako przestrzeni, w której realizowane są funkcje – fatyczna i socjalizująca (budujące więź w obrębie społeczności ASMR; ich realizacja leży po stronie artysty ASMR) oraz ewaluatywna i perswazyjna (ich realizacja leży po stronie odbiorców nagrań).

Refine search results

Neurobiological and Relational Bases for Understanding Aggressiveness

Jerzy Vetulani – scientist, populariser of neuroscience, artist

Rytm w perspektywach: lingwistycznej i neurobiologicznej

Uczenie się w perspektywie św. Tomasza z Akwinu i neurobiologii – dysharmonicznie czy unisono?

Dziecko z FASD – terapia neurologopedyczna

Metaphors and metaphorical language/s in religion, art and science

“In Harmony with Reason”: John Duns Scotus’s Theo-aesth/ethics

Preface: Reflections on Emotions

In Search Spirituality Biology

Grammatik und Dynamik — Dynamik in der Grammatik

Zwierzęca świadomość ciała – czyją własnością jest ciało zwierzęcia?

Artysta jako nieświadomy neurobiolog. Filmoznawczo-neurokognitywistyczna analiza myśli Hugo Münsterberga i Lwa Kuleszowa

Tajemnice ASMR – perspektywa ogólna i lingwistyczna