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EN
After the October Revolution different nations were forced to live together on the area of totalitarian Soviet Union. Their history got worse after the Second World War when Soviet soldiers and especially Stalyn were considered as winners and in this way they cold “colonise” new countries. Their citizens wanted to regain freedom in the 60’s and 70’s od twentieth century. They were called dissidents. One of the most famous modern Russian writers who presents these subject matters is Ludmila Ulitskaya – the representative of new realism whose books have been translated into 25 languages. In her novels and short stories she concentrates mainly on the silmilarities and differences between The Russians and other nations being under communistic control. Ulitskaya shows that some of them wanted to keep their identity by looking after their own tradition, religion, customs. The novelist tries to prove that it is possible to coexist with each other if you respect different habits and culture and if you desire to communicate with others using constructive dialogue.
PL
This paper focuses on the Russian and Polish receptions of the works of Roman Senchin, a leading representative of the New Realism Trend in Russian literature. The writer’s debut was his collection of short stories entitled Athens Nights (Афинские ночи), published in 2000. Since then, Senchin has written many works, including The Yeltyshevs (Елтышевы), published in 2009 and translated into several languages. His works are widely commented on, discussed, analyzed, and interpreted not only by Russian literary scholars, critics, and commentators of Russian cultural life, but also by Polish researchers investigating contemporary Russian literature. The article presents the views of literary critics and literary scholars concerning Senchin’s works, as well as reflections on their typical or dominant features. Despite widely differing points of view, Russian literary critics agree that Roman Senchin is the most pessimistic contemporary Russian writer.
EN
This article presents the views of Maurizio Ferraris, one of today’s best-known Italian middle-generation philosophers. Since the end of the 1990s, he has been constructing a concept he calls new realism. It is a critique of postmodernism defined in the broad sense, which, in Ferraris’ view, is characterised by the primacy of interpretation over facts, epistemology over ontology, conceptual schemes over reality. Ferraris assumes the possibility of strictly separating the two cognitive activities: the primary determination of facts and their secondary interpretation. Ferraris’ realist views are also expressed in his aesthetics and the concept of social document, founded on the notion of trace understood in the material sense. The author also attempts to critique Ferraris’ views on his understanding of realism and interpretation.
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2020
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vol. 27
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issue 2
47-58
PL
Współczesną węgierską pamięć zbiorową można opisać jako pole interpretacyjne kilku traumatycznych wydarzeń historycznych XX w. Artykuł ma na celu wskazanie ważnych tendencji w reprezentacji literackiej tych wydarzeń w nowym tysiącleciu. Na początku autor szkicuje konteksty społeczne i polityczne utworów literackich. Następnie przedstawia współczesną kulturę węgierską jako przeciwieństwo dwóch strategii pamięci, posługując się terminologią Michaela Rothberga – rywalizacyjnej i wielokierunkowej. Takie podejście do przeszłości wiąże się z różnymi implikacjami ideologicznymi, jak również kanonami literackimi. Wreszcie, wraz ze wskazaniem wybranych najnowszych powieści, autor pokazuje kilka sposobów reprezentacji wielokierunkowego podejścia do przeszłości w węgierskiej literackiej prozie nowego tysiąclecia.
EN
One can describe the contemporary Hungarian collective memory as an interpretational field of some traumatic historical events of the twentieth century. The essay aims to sketch some important tendencies of the literary representation of these events after the millennium. At first, it outlines the wider social and political contexts of these literary works. Secondly, it models the current Hungarian cultural field as an opposition between two strategies of memory labeling them in Michael Rothberg’s terminology as competitive and multidirectional ones. These approaches to the past are also associated with different ideological implications and literary canons. Finally, with a brief overview of some recent novels, the essay demonstrates some pathways of representing multidirectional attitudes to the past in the Hungarian literary fiction of the 2000s.
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