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PL
W artykule przeanalizowane zostały inwestycje w nieruchomości zabytkowe znajdujące się na terenie Polski. Badanie dotyczyło prawno-instytucjonalnego otoczenia inwestycji w zabytki i ich wpływu na zachowanie świadectwa historii i kultury. Analizy wybranych przypadków zostały poprzedzone analizą dokumentacji technicznej i historycznej, badaniami udostępnionej dokumentacji projektu oraz dofinansowania z programów krajowych i dotacji Unii Europejskiej.
EN
The article analyses legal and institutional investment environment related to historic real estate located in Poland. The study concerns the effectiveness of investment in historic real estate and its impact on the preservation of history and culture. The analyses of selected cases were preceded by research on technical and historical documentation, project documentation and grants from national programmes, as well as grants from the European Union.
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Problemy inwestowania w nieruchomości zabytkowe

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PL
Artykuł jest opracowaniem związanym z problematyką wyceny i obrotu nieruchomościami szczególnego rodzaju, jakimi są obiekty, wpisane do rejestru zabytków. Autorzy charakteryzują krótko, czym jest nieruchomość zabytkowa, specyfikę takich nieruchomości, źródła przydatnych informacji o nieruchomości. Natomiast wskazując na zasady wyceny oraz zarys stosowanej metodologii w procesie wyceny, chcą unaocznić, że już w fazie wyceny nieruchomości potencjalny nabywca lub inwestor może zorientować się w ewentualnych problemach z jakimi przyjdzie mu się zmierzyć, kiedy stanie się jej właścicielem
EN
The article is an elaboration related to problems of pricing and marketing of a particular kind of real estate, which is properties listed in a register of monuments. The authors characterize shortly what a listed estate, specificity of such estate, sources of useful information about the estate. However, when indicating principles of pricing and an outline of the applied methodology in the process of pricing they intend to drawn attention to the fact, that as early as during pricing a potential purchaser or investor may become aware of possible problems which they will meet when they become its owner.
EN
At present, the Polish real estate market is composed of more than 40 000 objects o f architecture and construction, recognised as historical monuments due to their value as testimony of the material culture and history of the nation. The buyers of historical real estate attach great importance to the wish to meet their own (or family) residential requirements, the purchase of a historical residence as a prestigious seat of a given firm, the elevation of social rank thanks to the attribute to a “landed estate” as well as the desire to profit from real estate which will be a source of a steady income (hotel, restaurant). In certain situations several motives coincide. At any rate, historical real estate is treated predominantly as relatively secure capital investment. The attribute of such real estate is permanently associated with its location and a moderate level of risk, as compared to other modes of investment. An important motive of the decisions made by numerous investors could be tax exemption and hope for (theoretically obtainable) means for repair and conservation. Many investors are determined to buy back from the State Treasury historical real estate which in the past belonged to their families. In such cases, they are ready to use their own funds, without waiting for legislation acts enabling a free-ofcharge recovery of family residences.
EN
In the wake of a lengthy discussion, on 23 July 2003 the Polish Sejm (Parliament) passed a statute based on a government project. Dealing with the protection and custody of monuments, it replaced the statute of 15 February 1962 on the protection of cultural property, becoming the first legal act to interpret the protection of historical monuments in Poland in a complex manner, and to comprise a foundation for pertinent legal regulations. The statute of 1962 was not adapted to the contemporary legal turnover, and contained numerous indefinite concepts; it also lacked certain fundamental definitions, such as that of historical real estate. The legislator distinguished duties encumbering public administration organs and the owners of historical monuments by employing two distinct concepts : “protection” and “custody”, which have been accurately defined. In comparison with the previous statute, the new legal act identified the object of protection and custody by dividing all historical monuments into immobile, portable, and archaeological. Furthermore, the legislator had expanded the object of protection by including non-material property, thus deciding that protection may encompass also the geographic, historical or traditional names of a building, a square, a street, or a settlement unit. The statute of 2003 rendered more precise principles concerning the inclusion and elimination of real estate in a register of historical monuments; it also contains a legal definition of the historical monument, including the immobile monument, the first such distinctness to appear in Polish legislation. In contrast to the previous statute, the new act has expanded the range of subjects which could be obligated to conduct conservation and are conceived as an objective element, essential in a sales contract, exchange, or lease of real estate listed in the register and constituting property of the State Treasury or a territorial self-government unit.The owners of historical real estate or real estate possessing the features of a historical monument have received new privileges, including the right to compensation for eventual losses incurred as a result of research involving the objects, based on principles defined in the civil code. The duties of the possessors of historical real estate, which stem from the contents of statute regulations about the protection and custody of monuments, basically do not differ from those which had been formulated upon the basis of the regulations of the previous statute. Greater sanctions have been imposed as regards neglect of the majority of those obligations. The most severe penalty is foreseen in article 108, excerpt 1, according to which all those who have destroyed or damaged a historical monument face imprisonment from three months to five years. On the other hand, article 100 introduces penal liability for the owners of those historical monument which have not been suitably protected against damage, destruction, loss or theft.
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