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EN
This paper aims to describe the legislation of the social housing system in Slovakia and to analyse innovations in social housing provision. The paper contributes to the literature on innovative social housing solutions provided by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), or so-called third sector. The analysis reveals the main factors that may contribute to the success or failure of social innovations in housing provision by NGOs. Long-term community work, the education of future residents, and the participation of future residents in the construction of their homes are the main factors that support the spread of innovations in social housing. On the other hand, lack of cooperation from the government at all levels and low funding are the biggest constraining factors on innovation in social housing in Slovakia.
EN
The main objective of the audit was to assess the performance and collaboration of the institutions responsible for providing activities aimed at assisting homeless people. The audit was conducted at the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy (MPiPS), city offices, city social welfare centres (MOPS) and non-governmental organisations. The audit, which covered the years 2012-2013, showed that generally public administration bodies appropriately performed their duties related to homeless persons. Simultaneously, they efficiently cooperate with non-governmental organisations that dispose of public funds, by providing them with necessary institutional support, especially in autumns and winters.
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Kontrola Państwowa
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2014
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vol. 59
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issue 2(355)
170-172
EN
The President of NIK has announced the first edition of Wadysaw Stasiak Award, named after late director of one of NIK departments, who died tragically in the Smolesk catastrophe. The intention of NIK is to grant the award to persons who, acting above political differences, have made the world around them a more safer and citizen friendly place. The award will be granted to representatives of the government and self-government administration, to people of science, activists from non-governmental organisations, or to those whose activities and involvement have contributed to an improvement of safety and have made the given social area more citizen friendly.
EN
Probation officers carry out tasks, defined by law, relating to education, resocialisation, diagnostics, prevention and control among offenders, also in penal institutions (Act of 27 July 2001 on Probation Officers, Journal of Laws 2001 No. 98 item 1071, Article 1). In penal institutions probation officers co-develop and then implement the so-called “freedom plans”. These are sets of actions, preceded by a diagnosis of needs and deficits, which are derived from the possibilities and potential of offenders as well as shortcomings needed to be overcome in order to achieve the minimum objective — prevention of reoffending.
EN
This paper presents the state of civil society in Slovakia based on the analysis for the fourth comparative report of the European Union-Russia Civil Society Forum. Using standard research methods (desk research, structured interviews and focus group), the paper provides a brief civil society overview on history, statistics and funding. Further, it analyses legal and political conditions for civil society organisations facing the problems of the growth of far right populism. The interviews were conducted with the representatives of fifteen Slovak civil society organisations of various sizes (from local to national) and from various fields of activity (education, social services and inclusion, cultures, human rights, environment protection, social entrepreneurship, employment, social housing, healthcare). To verify results and findings from the interviews and formulate additional conclusions, a focus group with was seven experts was organised. Using these methods, the paper identifies the biggest challenges and possible solutions underpinning the current situation of civil society in Slovakia.
EN
The article presents the entitled fields in the framework of their mutual influence. The notion of the public sphere is valuable for understanding the role that civil society plays in transitional justice processes. However transitional justice often reduces the idea of civil society to NGOs and ignores the social movements and civic engagement in the public realm that can be perceived as integral to the creation of new cases for understanding justice in transition. This fact results in the lack of perception of the civil society place in transitional justice processes. Thus the presented paper is based on hermeneutics, critical discourse analysis and dialogue between various theoretical approaches.
EN
The bill provides for the introduction into the Polish legal order of a new private law institution, i.e. the family foundation, the aim of which is to accumulate family wealth allowing capital to be retained in the country for many generations and increasing the potential for domestic investment. The beneficiaries of the foundation can be natural persons (including the founder) and non-governmental organisations carrying out public benefit activities, specified in the statutes by the founder. The bill also sets out mechanisms for the termination of a family foundation and its liquidation, which are similar to the solutions known in commercial companies’ law.
EN
Nowadays, civil society is often regarded as tantamount to participatory democracy, which rests on the idea of voluntary participation in public life. The political transformation of the early 1990s was a watershed time that gave Poles the opportunity to participate fully in building a democratic state. The starting point for the thoughts and findings shared in this text are the results of a survey conducted among non-governmental organisations that operate in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship in Poland. The authors have conducted quantitative research on the functioning of the right of access to public information in NGOs. The first part of the study presents the origins of modern civil society, followed by an analysis of the extent to which public participation and openness of social life were an important element of the Round Table Talks held in 1989. The second part of the text is devoted to the description of the research methodology applied. The third part outlines the results of the research carried out so far, pointing to the major areas of NGO activity, as well as to the way in which access to information functions in these organisations. The text highlights the impact of the political changes of 1989 in Poland on the contemporary possibilities of citizens in participation in public life, and the extent to which society is active and willing to exercise its rights. Emphasis has also been placed on the interrelationship between the two core elements of civil society: openness of public life, i.e. access to information, and the activities of NGOs.
EN
Along with technological progress, one can observe socio-economic changes taking place, and the transformation of the EU economy into a digital economy is an eloquent example. The scope of this transformation includes data, which plays an important role in the economy. This may be readily inferred from the European Strategy for Data published by the European Commission, which envisages a data-driven economy. The transformation towards a data-agile economy results in certain modification in the legal space. For instance, the proposal for a data governance regulation introduces an entity referred to as a data altruism organisation. The proposed act also requires EU Member States to designate a competent authority. This paper examines the functioning of said organisations and attempts to define their status, and discusses the duties of competent authorities which may possibly supervise the activities of data altruism organisations.
PL
W artykule poruszono problematykę pomiaru efektywności zadań publicznych realizowanych przez organizacje pozarządowe. Zlecanie realizacji zadań publicznych przez administrację publiczną zewnętrznym podmiotom (często są to lokalne organizacje pozarządowe) staje się coraz bardziej popularną formą zaspokajania potrzeb społecznych. Rozwiązanie takie posiada wiele zalet, wśród których wymienia się wzrost efektywności kontraktowanych zadań. Jednak nie jest to uniwersalna reguła, dlatego jest konieczne opracowywanie i doskonalenie dotychczas stosowanych metod pomiaru efektywności społecznej. Proponowane metody w maksymalnie ścisły sposób powinny pozwalać na identyfikowanie stopnia efektywności – oddzielając efektywne wykonywanie zadań publicznych od działań nieefektywnych. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono propozycję szacowania efektywności realizacji kontraktowanych zadań publicznych (którą nazwano Metodą Kluczowych Efektów – MKE) wraz z praktycznymi przykładami jest zastosowania.
EN
This paper presents the issue of measuring the effectiveness of public services implemented by NGOs. Outsourcing of public tasks by public administration institutions to external entities (often local NGOs) is becoming an increasingly popular way to meet social needs. This solution has many advantages, one of them being an increase in efficiency. However, it is not a universal rule and, therefore, it is necessary to develop and improve the previously used methods of measuring the effectiveness of social services. These methods should allow for an identification of the degree of efficiency by distinguishing between the effective performance of public services and inefficient operations. This paper proposes a method of estimating the effectiveness of the implementation of contracted public services (referred to as the Method of Key Effects – MKE), accompanied by practical examples of its application.
EN
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), being important actors of social policy, constitute an essential link within local systems of welfare/care. This article presents the results and conclusions of a qualitative research carried out in six purposefully selected counties from the perspective of the diagnosis and analysis of the functioning of non-governmental organizations as part of the welfare system in Poland. They concern mainly the perception of welfare by representatives of the third sector, as well as different forms of its realization, the reasons and characteristics of the NGOs activities, the resources and expenditures related to the organization of their activities, inter-institutional cooperation and the overall assessment of these entities as a part of the local system of welfare.
EN
The article’s aim is to analyse a theoretical concept of multi-sector economy of welfare as a new look at social policy (according to which the policy is not to be identified solely with the state and the public sector’s activity), with special attention paid to the possibilities to use the potential of the third sector to guarantee social welfare. The third sector plays an important role in the modern economy of welfare, as it is not only an entity which independently supports a society or an intermediary between the citizen and the state, but also a sector which closely works with the remaining entities of multi-sector economy, particularly with the state. The analysis of the elements and dimensions of the multi-sector economy of welfare, transformations of the welfare state, weak and strong points of non-governmental organisations shows how important the role of the third sector is and indicates that it is a vital element of modern multi-sectoral social policy.
EN
The authors present a concept of research concerning the share of the non-governmental organisations operating in Warsaw (Poland’s capital) during the COVID-19 pandemic in creating societal security. The elaborated research concept covers a description of the state of research, the arising research questions, suggested research hypotheses and methods. The article’s contents are meant to serve the implementation of a research project, whose results will be useful by increasing the body of knowledge on the functioning of NGOs during the pandemic, which should contribute to improving the operation of such entities in unanticipated circumstances in future. Learning the failures and successes of NGOs (scientific monitoring) in creating societal security should be seen as an intrinsic part of care for the well-being of society and the functioning of a political community. The article contemplates conceptualisation and construction of research projects in the area of security studies, social policy and politology, attention being given to the contexts and problem references to social culture, law and administration. The core content of the work includes: a synthesis of the state of research in the proposed research area; theoretical assumptions of the role of NGOs in social life; and a methodology of postulated research.
EN
Non-governmental organisations in recent years have gained new possibilities to realise their initiatives, thanks to the strong need among corporations to maintain their socially-desired image, which translates into their greater openness towards possible cooperation with the third sector. Several representatives of NGOs, utilising the latest technological solutions, are improving both the extent of their influence and its effectiveness. As multiple examples from Lubusz Voivodeship illustrate, the strategy of cooperation between business and non-governmental organisations can take on many forms, not necessarily based on financial support. Currently, a bargaining chip in the case of both sides is their knowledge capital. Corporations striving to maintain a positive image in the surroundings they function within are more eager to support social initiatives, recognising in it a possible path to gaining a competitive edge. In my article, I intend to reflect the specificity of the business/NGO relation and its determinants on the basis of selected examples from Lubusz Voivodeship. By analysing case studies, I will try to indicate the most common mutual expectations and construct a vision of a “perfect partner”. The context of analysing the quality of relations between business and NGO’s is social capital, which is an important value determining its shape. This arises from the belief that an organisation’s social capital has a meaningful impact on its attractiveness in the eyes of a potential partner. In my paper I will also present the most recent data, depicting the level of trust among the local community.
EN
This article is a case study of the role played by a non-governmental organisation in the development policy and development assistance on the example of the Coprodeli Foundation in Peru. In developed democratic countries, the organs of state power entrust part of their tasks to civil society organisations. However, these organisations can also become the leader in the development policy replacing or supporting the state. This determination is particularly important in the perspective of developing countries. However, the business model of these organisations must be inclusive and not substitute. The model developed by Coprodeli involves both beneficiaries, local and state power and business structures, and other aid organisations. Participation of many entities and the specifics of the work of the foundation, which places entire settlements in places neglected and affected by natural disasters, makes the model developed by Coprodeli important for the advancement of the theory of development assistance policy.
PL
Artykuł ten jest studium przypadku roli, jaką odgrywa organizacja pozarządowa w polityce rozwojowej i pomocy rozwojowej na przykładzie działalności Fundacji Coprodeli w Peru. W rozwiniętych państwach demokratycznych organy władzy państwowej realizację części swoich zadań przekazują organizacjom społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Jednak organizacje te mogą także stać się liderem polityki rozwoju, zastępując lub wspierając państwo. Ustalenie to jest szczególnie istotne w perspektywie krajów rozwijających się. Jednak model działalności tych organizacji musi być włączający, a nie zastępujący. Wypracowany przez Coprodeli model angażuje zarówno beneficjentów, lokalne i państwowe struktury władzy i biznesu, jak i inne organizacje pomocowe. Współuczestnictwo wielu podmiotów i specyfika pracy fundacji, która stawia całe osiedla w miejscach zaniedbanych i dotkniętych klęskami żywiołowymi, sprawiają, że model wypracowany przez Coprodeli jest ważny dla rozwoju teorii polityki pomocy rozwojowej.
PL
Po 1989 r. organizacje pozarządowe funkcjonujące w polskim systemie prawnym podlegały dwóm ustawom: ustawie o stowarzyszeniach z dnia 7 kwietnia 1989 r. oraz ustawie o fundacjach z dnia 6 kwietnia 1984 r. Od tej pory organizacje te przeżywają renesans dzięki zwiększonej wolności stowarzyszenia i zakładania stowarzyszeń. Niektóre z nich tradycjami sprzed okresu przedwojennego zostały zrestrukturyzowane i podzieliły działalność statutową. Powstało też wiele nowych fundacji i stowarzyszeń zajmujących się problemami i potrzebami współczesnego społeczeństwa, w tym zagadnieniami bezpieczeństwa narodowego.
EN
After 1989, non-governmental organisations functioning in the Polish legal system were governed by two laws: the Associations Act of 7 April 1989 and the Foundations Act of 6 April 1984. At present, amended provisions have contributed to the renaissance of such organisations, thanks to greater freedom of association and of the establishment of associations. Some organisations, dating back to the pre-war period, underwent restructuring and divided their statutory activities. A number of new foundations and associations have been formed, to address the problems and needs of a modern society, including national security issues.
EN
The article presents the theory of autocratic legalism by Professor Kim Lane Scheppele. In the first part, the article describes main characteristics of this theory. In the case study, it examines, how the autocratic legalism impacts the freedom of association with focus on the status of non-governmental organisations in the legal system of the Russian Federation. In conclusion, the article deals with the European dimension of the autocratic legalism and measures undertaken by different actors to mitigate its impact.
CS
Článek představuje teorii autokratického legalismu profesorky Kim Lane Scheppele. V první části popisuje hlavní charakteristiky této teorie. V druhé části teorii aplikuje na konkrétní případ, a to na výkon práva sdružovacího se zaměřením na postavení nevládních organizací v právním systému Ruské federace. V závěru se článek věnuje evropskému rozměru teorie autokratického legalismu a opatřeními, která přijímají jednotliví aktéři ke zmírnění jeho dopadu.
EN
The article’s aim is to analyse the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their crucial ability of activeness under critical circumstances such as the transformation of a state. Starting in the 1990s, the studies were mainly focused on NGOs’ role as development actors in social and institutional formations. New research makes particular accents on their role in political and social discourses both in Georgia and Ukraine, which enriches the science with new empirical material related to the involvement of civil society organisations (CSOs) in the state progress and legislation processes. This article is an attempt to provide an argument for moving forward research on NGOs/CSOs within political science and international relations via comparing the institutional involvement of NGOs in two development-oriented countries – Georgia and Ukraine.
EN
Nowadays, the growing importance of non-governmental organisations and sustainable employment in the modern labour market is emphasised in the literature on the subject and in economic practice. A systematic review of the literature confirms the lack of research on the sustainable employability of internal NGO stakeholders. Because the issue of sustainable employability in non-governmental organisations is an area that requires exploration, this study attempts to fill this identified research gap. In the context of the stated premises, the analysis and assessment of sustainable employability of internal stakeholders of non-governmental organisations were adopted as the main objective of the article. For this study, a systematic review of literature, and also empirical research, was carried out. The data collection technique in the study was a diagnostic survey method and a Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI). The sustainable employability of internal stakeholders of non-governmental organisations in Poland has been assessed thanks to empirical research. The research results showed that the respondents demonstrated a high level of sustainable employability. In addition, the respondents were assessed using various organizational solutions aimed at developing sustainable employability in the modern labour market. The obtained research results complement the diagnosed gap in knowledge, indicating that the respondents considered health prevention programs a priority solution to ensure ergonomic and safe working conditions for people of different ages.
PL
Współcześnie zarówno w literaturze przedmiotu, jak i praktyce gospodarczej podkreśla się rosnące znaczenie organizacji pozarządowych oraz zrównoważonej zatrudnialności na rynku pracy. Systematyczny przegląd literatury potwierdza brak badań dotyczących zrównoważonej zatrudnialności wewnętrznych interesariuszy organizacji pozarządowych. W związku z tym, że problematyka ta stanowi obszar wymagający eksploracji, w niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę uzupełnienia wskazanej luki badawczej. W kontekście wskazanych przesłanek jako główny cel artykułu przyjęto analizę i ocenę zrównoważonej zatrudnialności wewnętrznych interesariuszy organizacji pozarządowych. Na potrzeby niniejszego opracowania dokonano systematycznego przeglądu literatury oraz zrealizowano własne badania empiryczne. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego oraz wspomagany komputerowo wywiad internetowy (Computer-Assisted Web Interview, CAWI) jako technikę zbierania danych. Dzięki badaniom empirycznym dokonano oceny zrównoważonej zatrudnialności wewnętrznych interesariuszy organizacji pozarządowych w Polsce. Na podstawie wyników badań można stwierdzić, że respondenci wykazują wysoki poziom zrównoważonej zatrudnialności. Ponadto poddano ocenie ankietowanych różne rozwiązania organizacyjne mające na celu rozwijanie zrównoważonej zatrudnialności na współczesnym rynku pracy. Uzyskane wyniki badań uzupełniają zdiagnozowaną lukę w wiedzy, wskazując, że za priorytetowe rozwiązanie respondenci uznali programy profilaktyki zdrowotnej umożliwiające dbanie o ergonomiczne i bezpieczne warunki pracy dla osób w różnym wieku.
PL
Realizacja zadań administracji publicznej przy współpracy z trzecim sektorem powinna realizować zapotrzebowanie społeczne na konkretny rodzaj usług. Jednak w obecnej gospodarce również organizacje pozarządowe jak przedsiębiorstwo do funkcjonowania i realizowania własnej misji potrzebują zasobów finansowych. Najłatwiejsze środki pozyskiwane są od własnych członków, lecz nie wystarczają na realizację celów statutowych. Innym rozwiązaniem bywają dotacje publiczne, jak i prywatne oraz pozyskiwanie środków unijnych. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja struktury finansowej trzeciego sektora w oparciu o dostępne raporty Stowarzyszenia Klon/Jawor, mojapolis, jak i danych Urzędu Statystycznego w Krakowie. Analizę rozpoczynają dane o strukturze przychodów trzeciego sektora w latach 2005, 2010 i 2012. Analiza przychodów organizacji pozarządowych w Polsce pokaże ich wewnętrzne rozwarstwienie. Najwięcej organizacji należy do najbiedniejszych o przychodach nieprzekraczających 1 tys. zł. Dane odniosą się także do województwa podkarpackiego zlokalizowanego w południowo-wschodniej części Polski. W perspek-tywie finansowania na lata 2007–2013 kraje Unii Europejskiej stworzyły możliwość wykorzystania programów i funduszy dla organizacji pozarządowych. Możliwość aplikowania o dodatkowe środki z funduszu europejskiego miała wspomóc działalność organizacji. Jednak podmiotów, które pozyskują środki unijne jest niewiele, co przekłada się na niską stabilność finansową sektora. Czy środki dostępne w nowej perspektywie finansowania na lata 2015–2020 przełożą się na opłacalność finansową organizacji pozarządowych pokażą już kolejne raporty.
EN
The implementation of the tasks of the public administration, in cooperation with the third sector should consider achieving societal demands for a specific type of service. However, in the current economy, non-governmental organisations as well as for the operation of the company and implement their own mission needs financial resources. The easiest measures are collected from its own members, but are not sufficient for the implementation of statutory objectives. Another option may be public and private grants and fundraising. The aim of the article is to present the financial structures of the third sector on the basis of the reports of the Stowarzyszenie Klon/Jawor, moja-polis, and the data from the Statistical Office in Krakow. Analysis of the start data of the structure of revenues of the third sector in the years 2005, 2010 and 2012. Analysis of the income of non-governmental organisations in Poland will show their inner stratification. Many organizations belong to the poorest of the income not exceeding one thousand dollars. The data will also be of the Podkarpackie Province located in the South-Eastern part of Polish. In view of the funding for the period 2007-2013, the EU countries have created the possibility of the use of the programs and funds for non-governmental organisations. The opportunity to apply for additional resources from the European Fund was to support the activities of the organization. However, entities that acquire EU funds is a little low, which translates to the financial stability of the sector. Whether the resources available in a new perspective for the years 2015-2020 will translate into the financial viability of non-governmental organisations already show the following reports.
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