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1
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GOVERNANCE JAKO PODEJŚCIE TEORETYCZNE – KILKA KWESTII SPORNYCH

100%
Pawłowska A.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
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2016
|
issue 3(14)
5-17 (13)
EN
Governance is a popular theoretical approach in the social sciences. However, it in-volves a number of definitional and theoretical problems. The issue of the ambiguity of the concept and the numerous attempts to recognize the complexity of reality in its framework is subject to criticism. A categorization of numerous definitions of govern-ance is proposed. The weaknesses of the governance approach as a theoretical framework in the social sciences are indicated: the inability to clearly indicate a causal entity in decision-making networks, wrongful diminution of the role of state agencies, its strong normative dimension. In the conclusions it is stated that governance is an attempt, albeit not very successful, but one and only at a holistic description of the hyperpluralist envi-ronment of public actors. The weakness of governance approach can be overcome by subjecting the phenomena to micro- or meso-level analysis.
2
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Językowo-kulturowa kreacja starości

87%
Grzelakowa E.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2016
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issue 13
225-247
EN
The author presents contemporary connotations of the notion of old-age in the context of previous historical and cultural research in that area. Current data obtained from studies of interpersonal relationships is compared with the image of old age created in cultural texts and historical documents. Thus it is possible to verify contemporary axiological attributes of the notion of old age as well as its correspondences with the attributes and connotations established in the cultural memory of Poles today.
3
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Pojęcie nazwy oraz funktora

75%
Wawrzonkiewicz-Słomska A.
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
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2012
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issue 1
135-139
EN
Syntactic categories fulfil different roles in constructing compound expressions. Sentences and names, and also some functors are syntactic categories. Sentences are expressions which state that something is this way and not another. Therefore, in the logical sense, a sentence is a following statement: “The earth is a planet”. Sentences (expressions) are intensional when they do not deserve a feature of extensionality. There can be sentences saying about conditions of the mind, causal or time relationships etc. Therefore, they are intensional because their logical value (i.e. truth or falsity) depends not only on component elements (e.g. from truth / falsity of clauses of the compound sentence), but also on different factors. Between the modules of this expression (e.g. between the component sentences of the compound sentence) some more different relations occur. These sentences get in relationships between them, e.g. in the cause and effect relationship - as a logical implication relation. Therefore, the logical value of these sentences goes beyond simple logical deductions, and according to some theories goes beyond logic itself.
4

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПАТРІОТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПОЗАКЛАСНОЇ РОБОТИ

63%
Зубалій М.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2014
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issue 7(41)
217-226
EN
In the article the problem of military and patriotic education of senior pupils in the process of extracurricular work is revealed. Due to the development of an independent Ukrainian state and its Armed Forces according to the new principles provided in the Law «On defense of Ukraine» and «On the Armed Forces of Ukraine», there was an urgent need to develop a new system of military and patriotic education of youth. This requires a new approach to determining the essence, content and tasks of military and patriotic education. The Concept of pre-recruitment training and military and patriotic education of youth sets the following objectives: the promotion of a sense of patriotism, love for people, their history, cultural and historical values; citizenship education and formation of civil consciousness, respect for the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, social activity and responsibility for government and public affairs; forming abilities to the analysis of the external and internal political environment, the ability on this basis independently and adequately evaluate the event and support the defense of the country; the formation of aspirations to acquire military knowledge, achievement of an appropriate level of physical fitness and endurance; raising the prestige of military service, military professional orientation of youth, formation and development of motivation on the development of patriotic feelings, getting ready to defend the Ukrainian state and serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. So, from the point of view of the tasks set in the Concept of pre-recruitment training and military and patriotic education of youth it can be seen that the military and patriotic education in modern conditions is a separate area of education. Its methodological basis constitute conceptual provisions on the development of military and patriotic education of youth; common views on the issue of education of a patriot and a citizen; the formation in youth of high patriotic consciousness, national pride and readiness to perform civil and constitutional duty to defend the national interests of Ukraine. The main purpose of military and patriotic education is to develop in youth a responsible attitude towards the future of military service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the education of constant readiness to defend the Ukrainian state.
5
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Europa Środkowa - pojęcie, uwarunkowania historyczne, znaczenie

63%
Barciak A.
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
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2019
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issue 4 (23)
11-20
EN
The notion of Central Europe as a historical region assumed importance after the end of the First World War and again in the 90’s of the 20th century. The aim of historical conditioning of this region was to build the political unity which would be able to oppose the threat from the East and the West. Polish researchers played a crucial role in the research of this region. They even often initiated this research.
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Szkoły wyższe wobec mitu indywidualizacji

51%
Andrukowicz W.
Pedagogika Szkoły Wyższej
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2016
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issue 2
EN
This article is showing the need of connecting historical and theoretical researches as well as need of introducing a new professional teacher and researcher, connecting what is discursive and intuitional. The central plot although, is showing main difference between aiming individualism (teacher, student) which makes him creative and original only for an exclusive group of people or makes him different from others and the same time discover objectively better form of human existence in which freedom is defnite for solidarity.
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Problem relatywizowania pojęć w Daisetza Teitaro Suzukiego anglojęzycznym opisie zenu

51%
Rucki M.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 9: Teologia fundamentalna i religiologia
125-142
EN
This article claims that the Western notions of religion, spirituality, faith and soul are originally reinterpreted by D.T. Suzuki. In this respect his work is a perfect example of the problem of relativization of the religious notions, which is specific to religious comparative studies. The relativization, which consist of shifting the meanings of the designations, goes in three directions in Suzuki’s texts. First, he uses the terms in their metaphorical senses. Secondly, he uses them in relation to zen in a very general and unclear manner. However, in these cases they seem to be reminiscent of their original shape. Thirdly, Suzuki gives new meaning to Western ideas by linking them, directly or indirectly, with the main problem of zen and Buddhism, which is called ignorance. Suzuki interprets ignorance in an epistemological frame as a false knowledge based on differentiation. The zen practice aims to overcome this kind of knowledge and zen goal (satori) is a realization of this overcoming. For Suzuki, religion and spirituality are closely connected to the problem of the Buddhist ignorance. Initially, religion means awareness of the differentiation drama and the will to overcome it. Then religion is the liberation from ignorance and the fruits which this liberation brings. Spirituality is also an aspect of the fight against ignorance. Everything that concerns overcoming of the knowledge based on differentiation is spiritual. Suzuki calls spirituality wisdom which does not distinguish. Suzuki also interprets the terms “faith” and “soul” in relation to the drama of ignorance or differentiation knowledge. He uses these terms in multiple and varied ways. This article shows that the relativization of the religious notions can be a grave weak point in religious studies. When Suzuki states that zen is a religion or spirituality, he understands these terms in the context of ignorance and overcoming ignorance.
PL
Artykuł pokazuje, że zachodnie pojęcia religii, duchowości, wiary i duszy są w oryginalny sposób reinterpretowane przez Daisetza Teitaro Suzukiego. W tym względzie prace japońskiego uczonego są doskonałym przykładem problemu relatywizacji pojęć, szczególnie obecnego w studiach porównawczych nad religiami. Relatywizacja pojęć, czyli zmiana znaczeń zapożyczonych nazw, dokonywana była przez Suzukiego trojako. Po pierwsze, czasem autor stosował te terminy w sensie całkowicie przenośnym. Po drugie, nie definiując ich bliżej, używał ich w odniesieniu do zenu w bardzo ogólnej, a zatem i niejasnej formie (wtedy jednak wydają się one właśnie najbliższe ich pierwotnym sensom). Po trzecie, pojęciom Zachodu nadawał nowe znaczenia, łącząc je wprost lub pośrednio z podstawowym dla zenu problemem, który nazywany jest w buddyzmie ignorancją. Suzuki opisuje ignorancję epistemologicznie, jako błąd poznania rozróżniającego. Praktykowanie zenu zmierza do pokonania tego poznania, a satori (oświecenie) jest tego realizacją. Pojęcia religii i duchowości są u Suzukiego w sposób istotny złączone z kwestią ignorancji. Religia to na początku świadomość dramatu poznania rozróżniającego i pragnienie jego pokonania, a następnie samo przezwyciężenie rozróżniania i tego owoce. Duchowość także łączy Suzuki z pokonaniem ignorancji. Duchowe jest wszystko, co dotyczy uwolnienia się od poznania polegającego na rozróżnianiu, a sama duchowość to nierozróżniająca mądrość. Również terminy „wiara” i „dusza” są interpretowane przez Suzukiego w kontekście dramatu poznania rozróżniającego i użyte w kilku, czasem bardzo odmiennych znaczeniach. Przedstawione w artykule analizy pokazują, że relatywizacja pojęć może stanowić duże zagrożenie dla studiów religiologicznych. Jeśli Suzuki nazywa zen religią i duchowością, to podstawą rozumienia przez niego tych pojęć jest problem i pokonanie ignorancji.
8
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O Polsce, „umiłowanej ojczyźnie wszystkich Polaków”, czyli o pojęciu ojczyzny w homiliach Jana Pawła II

51%
Sławek J.
Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze
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2018
|
issue 35-36
117-130
EN
The concept of homeland in the homilies delivered by Pope John II during his pilgrimages to Poland has four basic dimensions: spatial, communal, cultural, and spiritual. In the first aspect, Pope John Paul II saw the homeland as the country where he was born, of which he is a part and which evokes positive emotions. In the second dimension, the homeland is a common good: the religion, history, tradition, culture, language, education, science, as well as the awareness of suffering and anxiety about the future shared by the fellow countrymen. The homeland is also a duty; a moral imperative to do good and be ready for the related sacrifice. The pope considered the homeland a close person, a mother who suffered a lot, whom he wanted to protect and for whom he felt love, respect and gratitude. Above all, however, in Pope John Paul II’s texts the homeland revolved around people, his fellow countrymen who felt loyal to each other owing to their origin and despite the differences between them. People who build a community and live according to ethical norms.
PL
Pojęcie ojczyzny w tekstach homilii wygłoszonych przez Ojca Świętego w czasie Jego pielgrzymek do Polski sytuuje się w czterech podstawowych wymiarach: przestrzennym, wspólnotowym, kulturowym oraz duchowym. W aspekcie pierwszym ojczyzna dla Jana Pawła II to kraj, państwo, w którym się urodził, którego jest częścią i który wywołuje pozytywne emocje. W wymiarze drugim ojczyzna to dobro wspólne: religia, historia, tradycja, kultura, język, szkolnictwo, nauka, jak również łączące rodaków świadomość doznawanych cierpień i niepokój o przyszłość. To także obowiązek, moralny imperatyw, by czynić jej dobro, być gotowym do ofiar. Ojczyzna jest dla Papieża również jak bliska osoba, matka, która wiele wycierpiała, którą pragnie chronić, wobec której odczuwa miłość, szacunek i wdzięczność. Przede wszystkim jednak ojczyzna w tekstach Jana Pawła II to ludzie, rodacy, którzy mimo dzielących ich różnic czują się solidarni pochodzeniem, ludzie stanowiący wspólnotę oraz żyjący według określonych zasad etycznych.
9
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Świadomy akt spostrzeżenia

38%
Mordka C.
ΣΟΦΙΑ. Pismo Filozofów Krajów Słowiańskich
|
2018
|
vol. 18
59-73
RU
Главной целью статьи является представление акта восприятия в его сознательном аспекте. Этот сознательный аспект является, согласно автору, обязательной исходной точкой для дальнейших анализов перцепционных процессов (в том числе несознательных процессов). Представляя сознательный аспект восприятия, автор доопределил понятие «сознание» с помощью таких категории как качественный доступ, ограниченное число модальности, преднамеренность, содержательность (концептуальность). В описании акта восприятия автор отличил феноменальную и оценочную перцепцию. Феноменальная перцепция как основная является связанной с феноменальной изменчивостью, которая привела (и ведет к скептицизму). Аргументируя феноменальность (преднамеренное существование) характера сознательного поля, автор указал каким способом, благодаря активации эмоциональной системы, можно получить достоверность акта восприятия (и, следовательно, также, переступить скептицизм).
EN
The main purpose of this paper was to present a conscious aspect of a perceptual act. This aspect is a necessary base for further investigations of perceptual processes (including those that act below the conscious level). Before presenting the conscious aspect of perceptual act the author defined the notion of “conscious” with a help of such categories as qualitative access, limited number of cognitive faculties, intentionality, and content. In describing act of perception he differentiates between phenomenological and evaluative kinds of perception. The first one seems to be basic but results in scepticism due to phenomenological variability. Arguing for phenomenal nature of conscious field the author shows how, thanks to activation of emotional system is possible to achieve the reliability of perceptual act (and yet to weaken scepticism).
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