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„Obce” i ubikacje

100%
EN
This article considers representations of migrant women who work as domestic help and probes the abjecting logic of cleaning practices vis-a`-vis current issues of legality, illegality, immigration, transcultural difference, and rage. I survey diverse media depictions of foreign women and cleaning scenes in transnational settings: Fear and Trembling (2003), Maid in America (2004), The Ukrainian Cleaning Lady (2002), Dirt (2003), and Friends with Money (2006). I examine the formation and apprehension of female “foreign” subjectivity in relation to cleaning for others, in relation to dirt. The visual analysis discusses ways in which removing other people’s dirt by an immigrant, migrant, or a guest worker intertwines with gendered and racialized processes of social abjection. Privileging images of toilets and expressions of rage, my analysis inquires into a conceptual correspondence between garbage and the cultural renditions of foreign others; into ways in which the concept of “dirt” gets transposed onto the cleaners suggesting that those who clean dirt are themselves disposable bodies, only useful and tolerable as long as they cohere the messy lives of “legitimate” and properly “clean” natives.
2
75%
CS
Změna zákona o účetnictví způsobila, že se některé obce a města stanou plátci daně z přidané hodnoty. Jejich postavení v této dani je však problematické, neboť jde o právnické osoby veřejnoprávní.
EN
This article provides a basic quantitative record of public amenities in small settlements, their dynamics in time and basic relevant factors. Based on these data, the authors propose a concept for a ‘common standard of facilities’ as a tool for assessing the level of local amenities and as a publicly accessible online tool for comparison of the level of these facilities in individual settlements. The basic findings of the analyses indicate that there is an immediate relation between quality and number of inhabitants. The probability that a settlement provides a wider sphere of services is higher in more populated municipalities, although such an increase is not linear for all types of services. The most frequent services and infrastructures are playgrounds and sports fields, grocer’s shops, restaurants and pubs, and kindergartens and primary schools. The median size of a settlement in the Czech Republic is approximately 430 inhabitants. It can be expected that a typical median settlement has a playground, a grocer’s shop and a restaurant or pub. There will probably be a kindergarten and a primary school in many of them, but schooling institutions are not the common standard. A typical suburban settlement is less well equipped than a peripheral settlement of the same population. The level of such facilities has been relatively stable over the last two decades, although the proportion of places equipped with a grocer’s shop is in decline, resulting in a variety of subsidy programmes aimed at protecting shops in villages. The number of doctors’ surgeries is also in decline. By contrast, more and more settlements are equipped with a sports field.
CS
Občanská vybavenost malých obcí je důležitým tématem plánování rozvoje venkova a stává se též častým tématem kampaní na podporu venkova. Dosud ale v České republice nebyla zpracována podrobná empirická analýza reálné vybavenosti obcí a jejího vývoje v čase. Článek poskytuje základní kvantitativní evidenci o občanské vybavenosti malých obcí, její časové dynamice a základních faktorech, které vybavenost ovlivňují. Na základě těchto údajů autoři navrhují koncept „běžného standardu vybavenosti“ jako nástroje umožňujícího hodnocení míry vybavenosti jednotlivých obcí a dále představují veřejně přístupný online nástroj „kalkulačka vybavenosti“ sloužící pro porovnání míry vybavenosti obcí mezi sebou.
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