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EN
The main concern of my work is the issue of the distinction between objectivity and subjectivity on the ground of Frege’s works. It is assumed in this article that in Frege’s concept of objectivity is a special kind of absolute. In order to justify that claim, I use Frege’s ontological ideas, e.g. distinction between object and concept, three kingdoms, Truth, False, distinction between thought and thinking.
PL
Podstawowym celem niniejszego opracowania jest dostarczenie wiedzy teoretycznej na temat celów działalności przedsiębiorstw i zasad ich formułowania. Dla zapewnienia empirycznych walorów prezentowanego zagadnienia Autorka przedstawia przykłady celów czterech polskich przedsiębiorstw i dokonuje oceny poprawności ich sformułowania posługując się koncepcją SMART. Analiza wskazuje na brak jasno i poprawnie sformułowanych celów. Niedociągnięcia wskazują na potrzebę uwzględniania teorii celów i zasad ich formułowania w praktyce prowadzonego biznesu.
EN
The basic aim of this article is to present theoretical knowledge of the enterprise’s objectives of business activities and the main principles of their formulating. To ensure the empirical values of presented problem the Author shows selected examples of the objectives of four Polish enterprises and evaluates their correctness using the SMART concept. The analysis points that the enterprises tend to lack clear and correctly formed objectives. The drawbacks indicate a necessity to take into consideration the theory of the objectives and principles of their formulation into the business practice.
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Concepts of visual consciousness and their measurement

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EN
Although visual consciousness can be manipulated easily (e.g., by visual masking), it is unresolved whether it can be assessed accurately with behavioral measures such as discrimination ability and self-report. Older theories of visual consciousness postulated a sensory threshold and distinguished between subjective and objective thresholds. In contrast, newer theories distinguish among three aspects: phenomenal, access, and reflexive consciousness. This review shows that discrimination ability and self-report differ in their sensitivity to these aspects. Therefore, both need to be assessed in the study of visual consciousness.
EN
The aim of the article is to describe some semantic and argumentative mechanisms of Internet discourse processes whose role is to objectify the subjective evaluative judgments contained in the text so as to impose them as conforming to the socially accepted norm. The analyses are based on examples from French news websites available on the Internet.
Studia Semiotyczne
|
2018
|
vol. 32
|
issue 2
75-86
EN
The professional mathematician is a Platonist with regard to the existence of mathematical entities, but, if pressed to tell what kind of existence they have, he hides behind a formalist approach. In order to take both attitudes into account in a possibly serious way, the concept of suprasubjective existence is proposed. It involves intersubjective existence, plus a stress on objectivity devoid of actual objects. The idea is illustrated, following William Byers, by the phenomenon of the rainbow: it is not an object but can be said to possess a subjective objectivity.
EN
Étienne Gilson and Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec notice essential elements that determine philosophical realism. Such discovery allows a philosopher to build realistic concept of object, method and objective of metaphysical cognition thus standing against idealistic tendencies. Realistic object of metaphysical cognition is characterized by realism (intelligibility, self-evidence, extrasubjectiveness), universalism (unity and pluralism), neutralism (beings constituted in the existence considered as a real element of cognition). Realistic method of cognition according to Krąpiec and Gilson has to reject irrational understanding of common sense, abstractionism and cartesianism, while making use of thomistic understanding of common sense, existential judgements and metaphysical separation. Realistic objective of metaphysical cognition is oriented on cognition of causality, cognition of the first cause, understanding of the four Aristotle's causes, recta ratio and recta voluntas and analogous cognition. Due to determinants of realism mentioned before, it is possible to practice thomistic philosophy based on riches of the world given in the cognition.
EN
The relationship between general scientific principles of management and performance management principles of an organization is grounded. Principles of performance management in an organization are revealed. The necessity to follow the rules of performance management by Ukrainian managers is proved.
PL
Uzasadniono powiązania ogólnych naukowych zasad menedżmentu i zasad zarządzania efektywnością organizacji. Udowodniono, że koniecznością jest dotrzymanie przez menedżerów ukraińskich reguł zarządzania efektywnością.
RU
Обґрунтований взаємозв’язок загальних наукових принципів менеджменту і принципів управління результативністю організації. Розкриті принципи управління результативністю організації. Доведена необхідність дотримання українськими менеджерами правил управління результативністю.
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