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EN
Heidegger was concerned with the theme of science from his earliest texts until his last works. The introductory part of this study discusses the texts by Heidegger that are key for his understanding of science and which include the presentation of a conception of science. Heidegger’s conception of science can be divided, for temporal and doctrinal reasons, into four phases: 1) a logical conception of science; 2) an existential conception of science; 3) a metaphysical conception of science; and 4) an epochal conception of science. In spite of their terminological and doctrinal differences, the texts are connected by the fact that Heidegger, in each of them, is above all concerned with the basis, that is the emergence of, science, and that he consistently links the emergence of science with a certain deficiency and privation and that, as a result, its constitution is marked by this characterisation. An important role is played in this by the scientific programme. If we follow which aspects of this scientific programme are stressed by Heidegger, and how he characterises that programme, we can see certain milestones in Heidegger’s conception of science. “Basic concepts” (a logical conception of science), objectivisation (an existential conception of science) and the mathematical (a metaphysical conception of science) constitute the basis and foundation of modern science, and are also a central theme of this study, which endeavours to show their mutual relation and their common and differentiating characteristics.
EN
In view of the embodiment hypothesis, a question arises as to what degree embodiment influences language, that is, what is the experiential basis of metaphorical language. This question has so far remained unresolved. A fundamental distinction in our existence is the division into the physical and abstract worlds. The physical world is the world of physical objects. An analysis of abstract concepts (it is THOUGHT in the present paper) shows that the ultimate, primeval experiential basis (source domain) is the world of physical objects. The distinction between the worlds of physical objects and abstract entities is the basis of a new typology of metaphors based on the hypothesis that the object schema is the primeval and ultimate source domain (experiential basis), not subject to any further metaphorization. Such a thesis allows also to formulate suggestions as to the development of the abstract thinking in general.
PL
Wobec hipotezy “ucieleśnienia” (embodiment), powstaje pytanie w jakim stopniu ucieleśnienie wpływa na język, czyli jaka jest podstawa doświadczeniowa (experiential basis) w szczególności języka metaforycznego. Pytanie to pozostało dotychczas bez odpowiedzi. Podstawowym rozróżnieniem w naszej egzystencji jest podział na świat fizyczny i abstrakcyjny. Świat fizyczny to świat przedmiotów. Analiza pojęć abstrakcyjnych (w tym artykule to MYŚL) pokazuje, że ostateczną, pierwotną podstawą doświadczeniową (domeną źródłową) metaforyzacji jest świat przedmiotów fizycznych (myśli można mieć, pozbierać, rzucić, podsunąć, myśl może się rodzić, może kogoś uderzyć, porazić, strzelić do głowy, nasuwać się, przebiegać przez głowę, z myślami można się bić, itd.). Podział na świat przedmiotów fizycznych i bytów abstrakcyjnych jest podstawą nowej typologii metafor opartej na hipotezie, że schemat przedmiotu jest pierwotną i ostateczną domeną źródłową (podstawą doświadczeniową) nie podlegającą dalszej metaforyzacji. Taka teza pozwala także na przedstawienie pewnych sugestii filogenetycznych odnoszących się do myślenia abstrakcyjnego w ogóle.
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Kilka refleksji o Rashomonie

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EN
Hendrykowski Marek, Kilka refleksji o Rashomonie [A few Reflections on Rashomon]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 32. Poznań 2019, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 129–141. ISSN 1644-6763. DOI 10.14746/pt.2019.32.6. A masterpiece of Japanese and world cinema, Akira Kurosawa’s Rashomon (1950) refers to a new model of narration in film, and broadens horizons in mid-20th-century film but also film in current imes. Rashomon set out new paths and fields of exploration in film art and began a new era in modern narration in moving pictures. This study re-evaluates Kurosawa’s work as an innovative, trans-national and trans-cultural approach to world cinema.
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