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EN
The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the often phenomenon of refugees resorted to violence. Refugee-warriors who defy the stereotype of passive inmate refugee camps. The reason for their appearance are always the bad conditions in the camps or even the very existence of them, where the so-called culture of resistance and new identity of nations in exile born. Therefore, international actions for security should also cover general change in the refugee protection policy. Permissions to self settle should definitely replace the policy of concentration of refugees in the camps.
EN
The article presents the situation of the child refugees in the refugee camps in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Children in this region are strongly affected by the armed conflicts. Furthermore, their situation does not improve after acceptance to the refugee camps. Violence, sexual harassment, complex humanitarian emergency resulting in lack of the basic facilities are encountered by children in the camps on the daily basis. It is estimated that in the Dadaab refugee complex, children represent 70% of the overall camp population. Many of the child refugees in the camps in the Sub-Saharan Africa suffer not only from malnutrition and contagious diseases, but also PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) caused by their traumatic experiences during the armed conflict as well as their stay in the camps. One should also remember that child refugees in the refugee camps in the Horn of Africa are also the factor strongly destabilizing region as unaccompanied children can become potential recruitment source for the asymmetric organizations active in this part of the continent.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the situation of women in the caliphate and in the structures of ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ar. Ad-Dawla al-Islāmiyya fῑal-’Irāq wa aš-Šām) through the prism of Arabic-language media reports published on websites information services. In the article, the author presents the media image of women in ISIS showed by the Arabic and Western media. While some of them assign marginal roles to women as housewives, mothers and wives, and thus present their reality in this caliphate, there are also other media reports focusing on the active involvement of women in the organization’s activities. Most of the articles are from 2019. This is due to the fact that with the fall of the caliphate, many media began to make some kind of accounts and summaries of the activities of the terrorist organization ISIS.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie sytuacji kobiet w  kalifacie ISIS i w strukturach Państwa Islamskiego przez pryzmat arabskojęzycznych doniesień medialnych opublikowanych na stronach internetowych serwisów informacyjnych. W artykule autorka przedstawia obraz kobiet w Państwie Islamskim ukazany w arabskich oraz zachodnich mediach. O ile część z nich przypisuje kobietom marginalne role gospodyń domowych, matek i żon, i w ten sposób przedstawia ich rzeczywistość w tym kalifacie, o tyle inne doniesienia skupiają się na aktywnym zaangażowaniu kobiet w działalność organizacji. Najwięcej przywołanych artykułów pochodzi z 2019 r. Wynika to z tego, że wraz z upadkiem kalifatu ISIS wiele mediów zaczęło dokonywać rozliczeń i podsumowań działalności terrorystycznej Państwa Islamskiego.
Tematy i Konteksty
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2020
|
vol. 15
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issue 10
272-281
EN
The paper attempts to describe the memoir of Danuta Irena Bieńkowska, which she wrote as a teenager in Iran (from October 1942 to the middle of January 1944), where she stayed with her mother in camps for the deported from Russia. Herwritings, by creating a general image of conditions and atmosphere in the camps in Teheran and Ahwaz, emphasise issues important to the writer – involvement in science, scouting, “social and emotional” life. Bieńkowksa’s juvenilia, having the importance of a historical document, complement significantly the image of this lesser-known emigrant poet.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę analizy wspomnień Danuty Ireny Bieńkowskiej, które jako nastolatka napisała w Iranie (od października 1942 r. do połowy stycznia 1944 r.), gdzie przebywała z matką w obozach dla deportowanych z Rosji. Jej wspomnienia, tworząc ogólny obraz warunków i atmosfery w obozach w Teheranie i Ahwaz, akcentują ważne dla pisarki kwestie - zaangażowanie w naukę, harcerstwo, życie „społeczne i emocjonalne”. Juwenalia Bieńkowskiej, mające znaczenie dokumentu historycznego, w istotny sposób uzupełniają obraz tego mniej znanego poety emigracyjnego.
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