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EN
Forms of leather footwear shaped in the early Middle Ages were being developed over the course of the next centuries. It was related to the development of tanning technologies and manufacturing techniques. It also resulted from the need to adjust the footwear to a ceremonial dress, emphasizing the user’s prestige. The large amount and diversity of archaeological sources provide information revealing the process of transforming footwear into an important element of dress.
EN
The subject of this article is description and systematization of leather artefacts collected by the expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the course of archaeological excavations in Smolensk in 2011–2012. The chronology includes a long period from the 11th to the 18th century. Particularly interesting was an assemblage of special funeral footwear, discovered in burials from the second half of the 17th century, to which analogies are found not in Russia but also in the territory of Poland and Belarus. The collection of leather artefacts from excavations in Smolensk illustrates well the process of development of tanner-shoemaker crafts and cultural relations with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia.
PL
Tematem niniejszego artykułu jest opis oraz systematyzacja kolekcji wyrobów ze skóry zgromadzonej przez ekspedycję Instytutu Archeologii Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk w trakcie badań archeologicznych w Smoleńsku, w latach 2011–2012. Ramy chronologiczne obejmują długi okres – od XI do XVIII wieku. Szczególnie interesujący okazał się zbiór specjalnego obuwia pogrzebowego, znalezionego w pochówkach z 2. połowy XVII wieku, do którego analogie spotykane są nie tylko w Rosji, lecz także na terytorium Polski i Białorusi. Kolekcja przedmiotów skórzanych z wykopalisk w Smoleńsku dobrze ilustruje proces rozwoju rzemiosł garbarskoszewskich oraz związków kulturowych z Rzeczypospolitą i Rosją.
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