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1

Ochrona zabytków w Holandii

100%

van Niespen Tot Sevenaer E.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1960

|

issue 1-4

44-46

2

Ochrona zabytkowych organów w Holandii

88%

Bielawski B.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1977

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issue 1-2

57-60

EN

The organizational structure of the protection of historical monuments in Holland is described, to depict against this background the protection o f organs ranking among historical monuments. Their protection makes the concern of the Ministry of Culture, Leisure and Social Welfare. Responsibility for the whole of the problems involved is borne by the Specialist in the Problems of Historical Organs at the State Office for Historical Monuments, in Zeist. His tasks consist in drawing up the files and documentation of the said organs, in cooperation with specialists and institutions of various kind. The documentation concerning the organs is collected by, and kept at, the State Office for the Protection of Historical Monuments inclusive of architectural documentation. The one pertaining to antique organs is based on the wealth of archival records, simply incomparable with the modest information on the subject, available in Poland. A particularly large number of those records have been collected by the Institute of Musicology, University o f Utrecht. The conservation of antique organs is carried on in Holland by private firms under the supervision of specialists appointed by the conservation authorities. The said firms are mainly engaged in construction of new organs designed on the basis of the wealthy Dutch tradition. What is worth stressing is the close cooperation of those firms with experts on antique organs. It was the Dutch organ-building masters, especially the Flentrop company, that were the co-initiators of the return to the classical organ-building tradition. What is particularly observed in conservation of antique organs is preserving the original parts of the instruments concerned. If this impossible for technical reasons, they are substituted with new parts, the original ones being preserved in the recesses of the organ body. The Dutch have the greatest attainments to their credit in the research on, and restoring of, the sound of the organ. The Polish antique organs are not very well known in West-European countries hence the need for more frequent contact and exchange of information between specialists in this sphere. The author has had the opportunity of studying the problem of the protection of antique organs due to a fellowship granted him by the Dutch Ministry of Education and Science. He is greatly indebted to Doctor M.A. Vente, Director of the Institute of Musicology, University of Utrecht and Mr. O.B. Wiersam, Expert on the Problems of Antique Organs, State Office for the Preservation of Historical Monuments, Zeist, for the aid in organizing his stay in Holland and all their kind interest and assistance.

3

Z problematyki ochrony zabytków architektury i budownictwa w Holandii

75%

Kornecki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1976

|

issue 1

43-55

EN

In the Netherlands conservation tendencies include at present: — composite preservation of monumental complexes, — reconstruction of historical forms and detail on the basis of thorough historical records, — preservation of folk architecture and technological monuments (windmills). To the monuments registered in Amsterdam belong 6743 objects (the number of 1969) th a t is to say 17% of monuments all over the country. Nowadays active preservation of monuments is realised and coordinated by the Municipal Bureau for Conservation (Gemeentelijk Bureau Monumentenzorg). Achievements of the Bureau, which has been active for twenty years now, are grand: With the cons tarnt increase of means 1636 objects have been put under protection and the expenses, have exceeded 220 million guldens by now. The most urgent task was to protect rows of houses imperilled by unfavourable local conditions (moisture and small stability of the soil). In these circumstances it was impossible to save all the buildings; some details from the lost objects reinforced lapidarium exposures under creation. This was followed by restoration of historical and artistic values to the transformed buildings. Some attempts of experimental treatments were also made, as during the process of adaptations of the old St. Lucia convent to the Amsterdam City Museum, when the old-town lane was covered with a glazed roofing to form a sort of passage assigned for museum exposition. For many ages water was pumped out of flood-lands with the help of windmills, which have by now become insęperable element of the Dutch landscape. P re viously wind energy was applicable literally in all branches of industry, which led to extra-ordinary development and improvement of windmills. Present system atics establishes the typology of these objects — it is based on the distinction between functions, constructions and architectural forms. Intensive preservation of windmills has resulted from their rapid destruction since the second half of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 19th century there were about 11 thousand windmills, at present the stock- taking list includes only 958 of them (the number of 1971). Apart from the efforts made by many special public societies, the campaign under the slogan „Vochten voor windmolen” has been entered upon by the S tate authorities. It is based on special regulations that stipulate the possibility to subsidize works at windmills. In every case, the State provides owners with subsidies to the amount of 40% of the repa ir expenses, but this aid is given except to those whose windmills ai e designed for other purposes. More complex is the question of polder landscape protection. Here a windmill is only one of the elements of multi-problem engineering assumption. The reservation in Kinderdijk near Rotterdam (19 windmills) and the complex in the Zaandam district have been already organized. We hope that the Unique Dutch landscape will be prese rved not only in the masterpiece pictures of old painting masters, but also in nature. The author feels obliged to thank Prof. dr. C. A. van Swigchem, the director of Rijksdienst voor Monumentenzorg for a very good arrangement of his visit to the Netherlands in 1973. He also expresses his hea rt-felt thanks to Mr. A. P. Srnaal of Afdeling Voorlichting, Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg in Zeisl and Mr. W. Timp, the conservator of the Gemeentelijk Bureau voor Monumentenzorg in Amsterdam.

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3 Ochrona Zabytków

1 1977

1 1976

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1 Bielawski B.

1 Kornecki M.

1 van Niespen Tot Sevenaer E.

Ochrona zabytków w Holandii

Ochrona zabytkowych organów w Holandii

Z problematyki ochrony zabytków architektury i budownictwa w Holandii