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1

Odbudowa ogrodu

100%

Ciołek G.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1962

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issue 3

86-106

EN

The author begins his article with an extensive review on historical and present documentation concerning the Wilanów Park. According to the main stages of territorial development, the park consists of three parts: the central section — the oldest an/d baroque in style; to the south of this is the romantic landscape part; and then there is the north part dating from the 19th century. Conservation work began here in 1948. It provided for the preservation of the different styles prevalent in each section of the park but, at the some time, maintaning a harmonious whole. Conservation work covered the garden, grounds and melioration system as well as the reconstruction and conservation of the park statues and buildings. This work was interrupted in 1950 because of a lack of funds. Work was resumed in 1960 in the garden, coordinating the conservation programme with the solution of technical problems necessary for the proper functioning of the Wilanów Park.

RU

В самом начале статьи автор представляет обширный осмотр исторической и современной документации, касающейся Виляновского огорода. Согласно с главными фазами территориального развития, огород делится на три основные части: центральная наистаршая в стиле барокко, с южной стороны расположена часть огорода романти- чески-ландшафтная, а с северной стороны находится часть огорода — повставшая в XIX веке. Консервационные работы, к которым присту- плено в 1948 году имели в виду удержание стильной особенности в отдельных партиях огорода с одновременным учётом полной гармонизации территория. Относилось это одинаково к работам местным, мелиоративным, озеленения, как и к работам, связанным с реконструкцией и консервацией статуй и огородных построек. В 1950 году в веденных работах наступил перерыв по причине недостатка инвестиционного фонда на обновление парка. В 1960 году снова приступлено к работам на территории огорода, согласуя реализацию консервационных закладок с разрешением с современной технической проблемы, необходимой для правильного функционирования целого комплекса.

2

ARCHEOLOGIA W PROCESIE REWALORYZACJI OGRODÓW TRUDNE POCZĄTKI

86%

Morysiński T.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2005

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issue 3

57-70

EN

Conservation dealing with palace-garden complexes must be preceded by comprehensive studies involving representatives of several fields of science: architects, landscape architects, historians, art historians, geodesists, botanists, documentalists and archaeologists. The revalorisation of the Hampton Court Gardens was a symptomatic example of the cooperation of landscape architects, art historians and archaeologists. The excavations conducted by Brian Dix produced extraordinary results, and contributed to a complete and satisfactory realisation of the undertaking. In Poland, archaeologists tend to take part in ventures of this type much too rarely, but each year excavations are becoming increasingly frequently appreciated as a source of knowledge about garden and park premises expands; they are also employed in revalorisation projects. The first instance of using archaeological sources in implementing revalorisation projects relating to a garden premise consisted of the excavations initiated in 1997 in the Branicki Gardens in Białystok. The most prominent and largest-scale archaeological initiatives include the excavations conducted since 2003 by the staff of the National Centre for the Study and Documentation of Historical Monuments in the palace-park premise in Wilanów. Practical research renders possible the creation and testing of models of complex interdisciplinary studies resorting to newest technologies. Great emphasis is placed on registering all the stages of the work as well as programme-like integrated documentation prepared by all the participants. The active presence of archaeologists in the revalorisation of parks and gardens permits the verification of source material and supplies data about, i. a. the original spatial and compositional layout of parks and gardens, the plants and their planning, as well as types of garden outfitting and its distribution. Most important, it facilitates the creation of revalorisation projects concurrent with the historical message.

3

Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d’Argenville i jego dzieło

58%

Sikora D.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2002

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issue 3-4

391-403

EN

is indissolubly associated with the eighteenth-century Classical garden thanks to his treatise La Théorie et Pratique du Ja rdinage , published in Paris in 1709. Dezallier presented assorted issues concerning garden design in mathematical and geometrical rules, lavishly illustrated with drawings (the majority by Alexandre Jean-Baptiste Le Blond) which rendered the principles expounded by him easily translatable into foreign languages and transferable to conditions other than French. The wide impact and international popularity of La Théorie et Pratique du Jardinage were linked with the adaptation of the proposed spatial solutions to the financial potential of the less prosperous social strata, and not limited to elites associated with the monarch and their closest entourage, as was the case with works by Dezallier’s predecessors. The treatise is composed of two parts: the theory of the art of gardening and practice. The first considers the principles of selecting the localisation of the residential building and the garden, the general layout of the garden, the creation of beds and parterres, the planting and cultivation of avenues, rows, and bosquets, the creation of indentations, the erection of garden pavilions, and the suitable display of figurative sculpture and other elements of architectural garden decorations. The second part deals with the application of the principles of geometry while planning gardens, conducting earth work, the construction of terraces and stairs, the transference of projects into the terrain, the selection of plants, and nursery beds. The last two chapters discuss spatial elements connected with water: fountains, cascades, pools and canals. La Théorie et Pratique du Jardinage was widely known in eighteenth-century Poland, and the principles presented therein were reflected in the gardens established at the time. The vista offered from the main avenue of the Branicki Garden in Białystok looking onto the Stag and Fallow Deer Park appears to be taken straight out of Dezallier. The same holds true for garden pavilions along the axis in the Białystok garden while the localisation of the pavilion closing the main garden axis in Choroszcz, offering a distant view of the Narew valley, coincides with Dezallier’s recommendations. Green walks as well as grass-covered stairs and ascents were universally used in Wilanów Garden at the time of Maria Zofia and August Czartoryski. The considerable differentiation of the shape of the bouquets in this particular garden seems to refer to the principle frequently mentioned in the treatise, which called for the introduction of various spatial forms into garden compositions. In turn, the garden of the Blue Palace in Warsaw, with a semi-circular enclosure of the garden salon and strong architectural emphasis on the main axis as well as thicketsat the two extremes, planted in order to restore symmetry to the composition, recall the examples of small urban gardens in La Théorie et Pratique du Jardinage. The contents of the Dezallier work assumes particular significance while conducting the revalorisation makes it possible to supplement information which cannot be supplied by the often extremely modest archival sources. It also enables a fuller comprehension of the principles of the functioning of an eighteenth-century garden and its cultivation. Many of the mechanisms and behaviour associated with establishing gardens, described by Dezallier, especially those concerning the mutual relations between the investor and the designer, remain surprisingly topical.

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Odbudowa ogrodu

ARCHEOLOGIA W PROCESIE REWALORYZACJI OGRODÓW TRUDNE POCZĄTKI

Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d’Argenville i jego dzieło