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1
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O działaniu, zaniechaniu i dopuszczeniu śmierci

100%
Ferdynus M.
Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana
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2013
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issue 1
205-222
EN
Categories of action, lack of action and release of death are the subject of lively discussion especially in the circle of analytic philosophy. Philosophical analysis in this article focuses essentially on the principle of symmetry and neo-Thomistic moral principles voluntarium indirectum because they play an important role in resolving the issue of moral dilemmas, or situations associated with a diffi cult choice between alternative options. The distinction between these three categories is crucial in matters related to the prolongation of human life and the release of death. Competing concepts, illustrating the analysis of the category of action, lack of action and the release of death, refer to the ideas of such thinkers as M. Tooley, D. Callahan, Ph. Foot, B. Williams, F.M. Kamm, B. Chyrowicz.
2
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O pojmowaniu i roli możliwości wykonania działania w dogmatycznie ujmowanej strukturze przestępstwa

89%
Pohl Ł.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2016
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vol. 14
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issue 1
41-46
EN
The article concerns the possibility of performing an action in dogmatically grasped the structure of the offense. Seized in the position that the ability to perform actions should be determined based on the pattern bedded corresponding to the characteristics of the entity that action have not done, and not based on a standard passenger corresponding to the characteristics of another party, and also recognized that the ability to perform an action is conditioned by knowledge as to how to proceed in order to perform this action. It is also assumed that the possibility of action is constitutive for the omission, and therefore it is subject to this kind of behavior which is the object of penal law evaluation.
3

O przestępnym i nieprzestępnym zaniechaniu udzielenia pomocy w niebezpieczeństwie w ujęciu kodeksu karnego z 1997 r.

75%
Kokot R.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2013
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vol. 29
45 - 72
EN
The article (part one) raises the issue of evaluation, under criminal law, of the failure to provide assistance to a person in immediate danger of death or serious injury. It presents the origins and development of Polish criminal law regulations in this regard. The study focuses on the controversy around interpretations of the statutory definition of crime pursuant to Article 162 of the Polish Criminal Code. When discussing the polarity of views concerning the statutory approach, the author presents not only the position of the criminal law, but also numerous examples from the case law. The article highlights the legal nature of the obligation under Article 162 and the limits of its applicability. In this context, it refers to the liability of persons with a legal duty of prevention as well as entities without such a status. The study also provides comments on accessory and principal liability for the offence of failing to render assistance and possible overlapping of regulations and types of offences.
4

O przestępnym i nieprzestępnym zaniechaniu udzielenia pomocy w niebezpieczeństwie w ujęciu kodeksu karnego z 1997 r. Część II

75%
Kokot R.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2013
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vol. 30
45 - 54
EN
The article (part two) raises the issue of evaluation, under criminal law, of the failure to provide assistance to a person in immediate danger of death or serious injury. It refers to the catalogue issue and legal character of the circumstances defined in Article 162 of the Polish Criminal Code excluding the legal liability in case of failure to provide such assistance. The article analyzes such circumstances and approaches the view of the doctrine and judicature for their interpretation. According to general rules, exemption from legal liability for failing to render assistance draws the line for the entities non-liability, on whom rests that particular, legal duty of concern about the good of the ones in danger (guarantor).
5
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Translatorische Weglassungen und Hinzufügungen: PRO und CONTRA

75%
Bilous O., Bilous O.
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
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2022
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issue 22
33-43
EN
Omission and addition of information during the translation of TV news can significantly affect the text content, which, in turn, causes a change in pragmatic influence. Sometimes, omission of the information in the text weakens the pragmatics, which the author of the source text originally laid in the text itself. Such translation transformations can only be used in particular cases where, for example, cultural-specific information of the news is unimportant for its recipient, excessive or impossible to understand. It can be transmitted correctly by means of the target language without additional expla- nation (e.g. in the form of footnotes, the use of which during the TV news translation is impossible). However, the question of unimportance of information is rather subjective; a translator may omit the information in the text by mistake, even though it has an implicit meaning in terms of informational value. A translator should carefully use such translation transformations as omission, especially when TV news is discussed. After all, TV news texts are carefully created, and the information is selected in a way to inform a recipient and to make a certain impact on his thoughts, to form his outlook, to change or to fix his vision of a particular event that has taken place or is discussed in TV news. But, if a translator uses such transformations, they can have a significant effect on the text content. This can provoke the shift or deformation of the text coherence because the omission of a phrase affects the syntactic structure of the sentence, and the omission of one or more sentences can affect textuality in general. For example, some important information may remain out of focus. Alternatively, new semantic colors or shades that are absent from the source text may appear after adding a single word. By adding information to the translation text, the information service tries to influence the Ukrainian-speaking recipient, partially changing the pragmatics of the original text. If a recipient does not speak German, this discrepancy will hardly be noticeable. However, this should not be the norm, as translators should make the translation as equivalent as possible in order to avoid such errors.
6
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Absents et absences dans les Essais de Montaigne

71%
Bjaï D.
Quêtes littéraires
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2011
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issue 1
11-22
EN
Except for Étienne de la Boétie, the friend for ever gone but whose presence pervades the Essais so vividly, the reader can notice the nearly total – and therefore puzzling – absence of Montaigne’s mother, Antoinette de Louppes, contrasting with the recurrent mentions to his father, Pierre Eyquem. He will also encounter strange omissions, such as Montaigne’s silence on St-Bartholomew’s Day massacre, and telling lapses, for instance on the answers given to young King Charles IX by the cannibals from Brazil. Do the Essais really “tell everything” (On vanity, III, 9), as Montaigne claims they do?
7

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Szczecinie z dnia 1 kwietnia 2015 roku, sygn. II AKA 7/15

63%
Nawrocki M.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2016
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issue Acta Iuris nr 15
PL
Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Szczecinie z dnia 1 kwietnia 2015 r., wydanego w sprawie o sygnaturze akt II AKa 7/15, dotyczy problematyki strony przedmiotowej przestępstwa oszustwa z art. 286 § 1 k.k. Chodzi o ukazanie sposobów popełnienia przestępstwa oszustwa klasycznego i wykazanie, że nie jest możliwe jego zrealizowanie przez zaniechanie. Położono również akcent na postawę osoby rozporządzającej mieniem, która również nie może charakteryzować się biernością.
EN
Gloss to the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Szczecin dated 1 April 2015, issued on the signature act II AKa 7/15. Gloss deals with the issues of fraud (art. 286 § 1 Polish Penal Code). It’s about showing how to commit the offense of classic fraud and demonstrate that it is impossible to realize this offense by omission. It puts the accent on the behavior of the person uses of property, which also can’t be characterized by passivity
8
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Przestępstwo niezgłoszenia się do służby (art. 144 Kodeksu karnego) – wybrane aspekty

63%
Hoc S.
Prawo w Działaniu
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2022
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issue 51
7-17
EN
The aim of this article is to present some aspects of the offence of failure to report for active military service. Attention is paid to the causative act of “failure to report” to perform service. It causes controversy in judicial practice, hence the interference by the Supreme Court was necessary. Some new legal solutions contained in the Homeland Defence Act that may be useful in relying on Article 144 of the Penal Code are also discussed.
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań zawartych w artykule będzie przedstawienie niektórych aspektów przestępstwa niezgłoszenia się do pełnienia czynnej służby wojskowej. Zostanie zwrócona uwaga na czynność sprawczą, która polega na „niezgłoszeniu się” do odbywania służby. Zagadnienie to wywołuje kontrowersje w praktyce sądowej. Stąd konieczna stała się ingerencja Sądu Najwyższego. W artykule omówiono także niektóre nowe rozwiązania prawne zawarte w ustawie o obronie Ojczyzny, które mogą być przydatne w stosowaniu art. 144 Kodeksu karnego.
9
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„Milczące” oświadczenia woli – rozważania na tle normatywnej koncepcji zaniechania

63%
Gmerek K.
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej
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2023
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vol. 34
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issue 1
32-45
EN
From the point of view of the problems of dogmatics of civil law, this article aims to present a certain philosophical concept of omission and apply it to the development of the basic aspects of making declarations of will by omission. From the perspective of the general theory of law, this article is a part of a broader project aiming at theoretical elaboration of the problem of making conventional acts by omission using the achievements of the philosophy of action. This article proposes a way to conceptualize the declarations of will made by omission. The normative conception of omissions in the version proposed by Katarzyna Paprzycka-Hausman within the philosophy of action has been chosen for this task. Using the above conception allows putting in order, to some extent, the problem of making declarations of will by omission. It should be noted that some elements included in the normative concept of omission have been present in reflections on declarations of will made by omission for a long time. It is primarily about the role of the context of omission and the “should and could have spoken” argument used in the doctrine and the case law in the context of identifying declarations of will made by way of omission.
PL
Z punktu widzenia problemów cywilistyki niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie określonej filozoficznej koncepcji zaniechania oraz próby jej zastosowania dla opracowania podstawowych aspektów problematyki składania oświadczeń woli przez zaniechanie. Z perspektywy ogólnej teorii prawa niniejsza praca jest częścią szerszego projektu mającego na celu teoretyczne opracowanie problematyki dokonywania czynności konwencjonalnych przez zaniechanie z wykorzystaniem dorobku filozofii działania. W niniejszym artykule proponuje się sposób konceptualizacji oświadczeń woli składanych przez zaniechanie. Dla realizacji tego zadania wybrano normatywną koncepcję zaniechań w wersji opracowanej przez Katarzynę Paprzycką-Hausman w ramach filozofii działania. Wykorzystanie powyższej koncepcji pozwala nieco uporządkować problematykę składania oświadczeń woli przez zaniechanie. Należy bowiem zauważyć, że pewne elementy uwzględnione w normatywnej koncepcji zaniechań są od dawna obecne w prawniczych rozważaniach na temat oświadczeń woli składanych przez zaniechanie. Chodzi tu przede wszystkim o rolę kontekstu zaniechania oraz o argument „powinien i mógł mówić” wykorzystywany w doktrynie i w orzecznictwie w kontekście identyfikacji oświadczeń woli składanych przez zaniechanie.
10
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Intencja skracania dystansu i jej skuteczność w mediach – mówienie o kimś „po nazwisku”

51%
Granat A.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia
|
2015
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vol. 33
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issue 1
EN
The author notes that the fact of omitting the names, titles, ranks, etc. when using surnames is increasingly represented in the media, which, in turn, has serious social consequences. It proves that it is not only contempt, but also a kind of “objectification” of people, deprivation of dignity, “linguistic deprivation of authority” by the media. This way journalists also reduce the role of such concepts like: respect, model, authority, or, on the contrary – media broadcasters discourage their recipients.
PL
Autorka zauważa, że coraz częściej reprezentowane jest w środkach masowego przekazu pomijanie imion, tytułów, godności, nazw pełnionych funkcji itp. przy przywoływanych nazwiskach, co pociąga za sobą poważne konsekwencje społeczne. Świadczy to nie tylko o lekceważeniu, ale także o swego rodzaju „uprzedmiotowieniu” osób, odarciu z godności, „językowym pozbawieniu autorytetu” przez media. Dziennikarze w ten sposób pomniejszają również w życiu odbiorców rolę takich pojęć, jak: szacunek, wzorzec, autorytet lub przeciwnie, nadawcy medialni zniechęcają odbiorców do siebie.
11
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O praktyce opuszczeń w polskiej wersji lektorskiej filmów rosyjskojęzycznych

51%
Mocarz-Kleindienst M.
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
|
2021
|
vol. Tom 1 Nr XXVI
155-168
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony został analizie porównawczej klas leksyki, podlegających opuszczeniom w polskich wersjach lektorskich dwóch filmów rosyjskich: filmu katastroficznego Metro A. Miegierdziczewa oraz dramatu Niemiłość A. Zwiagincewa. Badania ilościowe i jakościowe dowiodły, że najczęściej redukcji podlegają par-tykuły i wykrzykniki nacechowane emocjonalnie i ekspresywnie, powtórzenia, rzadziej – wulgaryzmy. Zaobserwowano różnice w częstotliwości opuszczeń adresatywów oraz formuł grzecznościowych, także zdań z prymarną funkcją informacyjną. Wysnuto wnio-sek, że różnice te wynikają z cech gatunkowych filmów i podporządkowanej im strategii tłumaczy.
EN
This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the lexis classes which are subject to omissions in the Polish language versions of two Russian films: Anton Megerdichev’s disaster film Metro Andrey Zvyagintsev’s drama Loveless of. Quantita-tive and qualitative research has shown that the most often reduced are the particles and exclamations characterized by emotion and expressiveness, repetitions, and, frequently, vulgarisms. Differences were observed in the frequency of omitting forms o address and courtesy as well as sentences with primary informational function. It was concluded that these differences result from the genre features of the analysed films and the translators’ strategies.
12
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Non-Originalism Differently: the Obligation of the Legislator to Respond to Changing Conditions

38%
Kokešová J.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
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2018
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vol. 8
217-236
PL
The question that the paper seeks to answer is formulated through reflections on the is-sues of non-originalism. Non-originalism refers to an approach to the interpretation of the Constitution where the text of the Constitution adapts to new conditions without any formal change. This approach is applied by courts which, in the light of new circumstances, interpret the Constitution in a different way. The question is whether the same approach should also be applied by the legislator. Should it be the legislator who monitors whether the Constitution has changed in substance as a result of changes in society and that some existing statutes thus have become unconstitutional? The paper concludes that the legisla-tor has an obligation to monitor and respond to such changes by amending or abolishing certain statutes or by adopting new ones. If the legislator fails to respond, then his behav-iour – inaction – is unconstitutional. However, the paper does not claim that the legislator must respond to all the changes in society, but only to those that are significant and obvi-ous. The legislator is understood as an institution, not as a member of the legislative body (based on the theory of the legislative intent). However, the institution of the legislator is a human creation and composed of individuals, and it is their knowledge that makes up the knowledge of the legislator. And it is precisely their possibilities that determine the bound-aries of what the legislator should know. In this text, the creation of law is understood as communication between the legislator, who is the author of statutes, and public bodies, who interpret and apply them. As with any communication, context is what determines it. The legislator’s obligations are derived from the content of the context, its function, and its essential position in communication.
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