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EN
The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unusual situation in universities. All students, lecturers and administration staff had to start distance education. Suddenly, overnight, they all became the subjects of the digital revolution. This text is an overview of selected literature from 2020 compiled to reflect on the differences and similarities between higher education institutions in Poland and the United States as they reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite their inherent differences the two different systems of higher education in these two countries have reacted to the pandemic in a number of similar ways. It could be observed that the more independent system in the United States reacted faster to the unexpected changes, when faculty and higher education administrators waited for a decision from the centrally governing body: The Ministry of Education. The reaction and focus of the interventions pointed to similar areas: access to technology for students and their teachers, professional development of faculty, and student engagement. It seems that in both cases the pandemic exposed the shortcomings of both systems. While there are many unknows about the future, the common question for both systems will centre around making higher education institutions nimble enough to emerge from these challenging times better and stronger.
Przegląd Krytyczny
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2022
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vol. 4
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issue 2
11-30
EN
The coronavirus pandemic has profoundly affected Hungarian higher education (HEI). As campuses around the globe were forced to shut down, online distance learning became an everyday reality for all students. At the same time, faculty were rushed to adjust their teaching content and methods, as well as forms of assessment, to online teaching. As a result, this transition exposed flaws in technological abilities, digital preparedness and flexibilities within universities. In this work, my goal is to analyze how the Hungarian HEIs adopted online educational practices during the pandemic and how they were able to address some of the difficulties while adjusting their teaching and creating new forms of support for both students and faculty. To that end, the article first discusses the prevalence of distance and digital learning before the pandemic, then evaluates the steps and challenges of transition to remote online education during the pandemic, and finally highlights some lessons learnt and best practices of some Hungarian universities.
EN
Universities around the world have overwhelmingly switched to online teaching and e-learning, necessitated by social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to provide education as eff ectively as possible and achieve the required educational objectives, people involved in the teaching process at the university have taken a number of steps to give students access to materials necessary to obtain the intended learning outcomes in a particular subject. In this article, we present the results of empirical research on remote classes at Polish universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Th e research focused on methods and forms of distance learning.
EN
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected education in the vast majority of countries around the world. Educational systems were not prepared for this. This also extends to higher education. Certain measures have been taken in attempt to enable teaching in the new reality. The pandemic is global in nature and the changes in education have a similar aspect as well. After 12 March 2020, distance education was also introduced in Poland. Several months of distance learning have yielded some interesting experiences and shown the problems that arise when designing such educational systems. Due to the epidemic situation that is still far from being under control, it should be assumed that distance education will remain with us for longer. The article presents the results of research on distance learning in Poland in the first period of the pandemic in relation to the global situation. It focuses on academic teachers and the challenges they have faced when switching to distance learning.
EN
Online learning is nothing new, but during the COVID-19 pandemic, this form of education has become the preferred and sometimes the only option available as a result of social distancing and nationwide lockdowns. This unprecedented change has triggered a number of previously unknown problems and has forced students to find ways of coping with them. This study investigates the dark sides of online education and coping strategies developed by students by drawing on insights from coping theories to explain students’ adaptive responses. The study is based on qualitative data collected in an online survey of 27 students of tourism from a public university in Poland. The most frequent problem reported by the respondents were technical issues occurring during classes, followed by the lack of motivation and commitment, difficulties with sustained attention and the lack of contact with peers. The majority of students coped with stress caused by the negative aspects of technology in online education by engaging in physical activity. The findings of the study could contribute to guiding the direction for effective and student-friendly adoption of online education.
EN
With the switch to online teaching starting March 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, students have spent more time than ever online. The study (N=191) was conducted online and answered the following research questions: 1) Does the time spent online influence students experience with cyberbullying? 2) Are students from vulnerable groups more prone to cyberbullying? 3) What are the ways students believe cyberbullying should be addressed? 4) Are there gender differences in the way cyberbullying is perceived? Among others, the study revealed that women are more likely to acknowledge cyberbullying and that their professors are identified by a large part of the sample as perpetrators of cyberbullying.
EN
By presenting perceptions of Nigerian students enrolled in the online international postgraduate programmes of the University of Liverpool regarding academic integrity, this paper aims to explore Western ideas, such as originality and plagiarism that are extraneous in the students’ local cultures. Different historical and cultural circumstances may contribute to the construction of diverse meanings that online students attribute to these concepts. The multidisciplinary study follows phenomenological research design (van Manen, 1997; Creswell, 2007) and combines cultural anthropology (Hall, 1996, Hannerz, 2001; Coleman et al., 2010) as well as online education (Anderson, 2008) in the research. The paper promotes a non-judgmental and culturally aware approach when dealing with issues of academic integrity, intends to find ideological reasons in authentic cultural belief systems that may demonstrate that the common ‘nonunderstanding’ concerning academic integrity is due to a culture-dependent meaning construction process, which leads to the ideological misinterpretation of these Western concepts.
e-mentor
|
2022
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vol. 96
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issue 4
14-24
EN
E-learning has become a challenge for many universities worldwide, which during the pandemic had to switch overnight from offline to online learning and meet the expectations of students for whom this form of education was often alien. The aim of the paper is to present how students from two different countries, Spain and Poland, perceived e-learning during the pandemic, what factors, in their opinion, influenced their satisfaction with this form of education, which of them decreased it; and what are the similarities and differences in their opinion. In order to get to know their opinions, an online survey was conducted with students at the University of Manresa (Spain), and telephone interviews with students of the Warsaw University of Technology Business School. A comparative analysis of the obtained results was then performed to determine the similarities and differences in the satisfaction with e-learning between the Spanish and Polish students. The study shows that the main factors satisfying both groups of students are the possibility to use digital didactic materials, the quality of e-learning platforms, the organisation of e-learning, and the support provided by universities and lecturers. The most significant differences were visible in the perception of online classes, the formula for completing the course, and the didactic activities for students. The research results lead to the conclusion that despite the cultural differences and different teaching systems, the factors satisfying students with e-learning in the two countries were in fact quite similar.
EN
From the first months of 2020, COVID-19 transformed the landscape of education world-wide. Numerous educational institutions were forced due to the circumstances of the pandemic to move their courses online. This was the case at Akita International University in Akita, Japan. As the semester came to a close in July 2020, students were given an opportunity to reflect on their experiences with online education via end-of-term course evaluations, focus groups, and public meetings with university administration. From the results of these opportunities to share experiences in remote and virtual education, the authors were reminded that online learning can be a lonesome endeavor. However, it does not need to be this way. A sense of community, camaraderie, and shared purpose can be developed within the online teaching and learning environment. This article will offer suggestions generated from the authors’ experience. All suggestions have the authenticity of having been successfully utilized in the authors’ online classrooms.
Human Affairs
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2014
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vol. 24
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issue 1
20-39
EN
Ethnography in the field of postsecondary education has served as a magnifying glass bringing into focus university culture and student life. This paper highlights the ways in which ethnography is especially useful for understanding more recent dynamics and shifts in higher education. The authors utilize existing literature to uphold the relevancy of ethnography, while exploring its opportunities for research on adult students, online education, and for-profit colleges in particular. They conclude with methodological recommendations and directions for both qualitative research and higher education scholarship.
EN
COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in societies across many countries, e.g. in terms of education. This article analyzes the impact of online learning on students, their psyche and their effectiveness of acquiring knowledge. For this purpose author discussed selected studies. In addition to this, he did a survey in elementary and secondary school. From the data collected so far, he arrived at a conclusion online learning has a negative influence on students’ acquiring knowledge and their mood.
PL
Pandemia COVID-19 doprowadziła do zmian w funkcjonowaniu społeczeństw wielu krajów, m.in. w zakresie edukacji. Artykuł analizuje wpływ nauczania zdalnego na uczniów: ich psychikę i efektywność zdobywania wiedzy. W tym celu omówiono wybrane badania. Dodatkowo przeprowadzano ankietę wśród uczniów szkół podstawowych i średnich. Z badania wynika, że nauczanie zdalne ma znaczący, negatywny wpływ na uczniów; w jego wyniku pogorszyło się ich samopoczucie i gorzej zdobywali oni wiedzę w trakcie lekcji.
EN
The study aimed to analyse changes in school belonging in higher education students during online instruction and to verify its cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships with academic adjustment in the first and higher years of study. The research sample consisted of 169 higher education students (90.5% women, M = 21.71; SD = 2.63) in the first measurement (end of the winter term), and 77 respondents (96% women, M = 21.38; SD = 2.03) in the second measurement (end of the summer term). Self-report methods were used. Results showed a decline in school belonging among first-year students. School belonging significantly predicted academic adjustment, and the relationship with internal motivation persisted even four months later. The findings support the key role and need for facilitating school belonging in higher education students in the online environment.
EN
In the paper the results of research titled Cultural Institutions during COVID-19. Museum Strategies for Reaching the Public are presented. It was conducted by the Forum of Museum Educators as commissioned by the National Institute for Museums and Public Collections (NIMOZ). The main purpose was to show the impact of the pandemic on the operations of museums after 12 March 2020 when the decision was made in Poland to close the culture sector to the public; the aim was also to diagnose and analyse problems that the pandemic caused, and to point to the directions of impact on cultural institutions possible in the future, namely after restoring ‘normality’. The perspective adopted in the research, i.e., institutional and individual one, enables a multifaceted analysis of the processes initiated by museums in response to unclear and often complicated mechanisms of the new pandemic reality, which still today, some dozen months since its outbreak, continues for museums the source of challenges as far as logistics and financing issues are concerned.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia sytuację w polskiej szkole podstawowej podczas pandemii, kiedy zajęcia stacjonarne zastąpiło nauczanie online. Autorka omawia wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród uczniów po miesiącach nauki zdalnej, wskazując na przyczyny problemów z koncentracją na lekcjach. Trudności podopiecznych wymagają podjęcia odpowiednich działań w celu usprawnienia komunikacji elektronicznej i polepszenia jakości nauczania. Autorka proponuje pracę ze słuchowiskiem i przedstawia dwa konspekty lekcji języka polskiego z wykorzystaniem nagrań przygotowanych przez aktorów Teatru „Maska” w Rzeszowie. Aktywne słuchanie i odpowiednio przygotowane ćwiczenia wpływają na koncentrację uczniów, pobudzają wyobraźnię, wzbogacają słownictwo i zachęcają do twórczego myślenia. Propozycje zajęć można wykorzystać również na lekcjach w klasie, gdyż zawsze istnieje potrzeba stosowania polisensorycznych metod nauczania, szczególnie w kształceniu humanistycznym.
EN
The paper describes the educational situation in Poland during the pandemic period when regular lessons have been moved to the Internet. The author presents research results on the problem of elementary students’ concentration level during e-lessons. The study attempts to find appropriate activities to help students concentrate, by applying short and interesting tasks based on audio theatres. As a teaching aid, two lesson plans were prepared for Polish language teachers convinced that polysensory integration is absolutely valid in education and culture.
Cywilizacja i Polityka
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2020
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vol. 18
|
issue 18
271-283
EN
The article presents basic rules of providing psychological and pedagogical assistance at schools. The author recalls reports concerning special needs students, analises changes in providing support and possible obstacles which have appeared after the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. The author presents the consequences for education and psychical health after starting on-line teaching. She is searching the recommendations of specific educational and profilactic activities. The author refers to the latest programme recommended by MEiN concerning psychological and educational eeds for students and teachers.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia podstawowe zasady udzielania pomocy psychologiczno-pedagogicznej w szkole. Autor przywołuje raporty z badań nad uczniami o specjalnych potrzebach edukacyjnych. Analizuje zmiany w udzielaniu wsparcia uczniom oraz przeszkody, które pojawiły się po wybuchu pandemii COVID-19. Prezentuje konsekwencje dla edukacji i zdrowia psychicznego dzieci po przejściu placówek oświatowych w tryb nauki zdalnej. Szuka rozwiązań z rekomendacji konkretnych działań edukacyjnych, wychowawczych i profilaktycznych. Odwołuje się do najnowszego programu Ministerstwa Edukacji i Nauki o wsparciu psychologiczno-pedagogicznym dla uczniów i nauczycieli.
XX
The use of modern information technologies in education is one of the most important and sustainable trends of the global educational process. In national educational institutions in recent years, computer equipment and other means the information technologies are increasingly used in studies of the majority of subjects. In the learning process is important, not information technology itself, but rather how its use implements achieve of educational goals. Computer role became more complex: its use in educational process helps to teachers to make lesson more dynamic, targeted, rich, striking, and memorable for a long time.
EN
The subject of creativity is widely understood and discussed in terms of education. This Article discusses the creative approach to teaching and the methods of developing student creativity. Attention is focused on creative thinking and creative problem solving. Examples of the use of methods which help to develop these competences in practice in pre-school and early-school education are provided. The issue of the Article is addressed in terms of traditional and online education.
PL
Zagadnienie twórczości jest szeroko rozumiane i omawiane pod kątem edukacji. Artykuł ten omawia twórcze podejście do nauczania oraz metody rozwijające twórczość uczniów. Uwaga została skupiona wokół zagadnień twórczego myślenia i twórczego rozwiązywania problemów. Podane zostały przykłady zastosowań metod rozwijających te kompetencje w praktyce zarówno w edukacji przedszkolnej, jak i wczesnoszkolnej. Problematyka artykułu rozpatrywana jest pod kątem edukacji tradycyjnej oraz zdalnej.
EN
The article aims to capture the state of knowledge on the introduction and implementation of remote education in Polish primary and secondary schools during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We have analyzed  9 surveys conducted by various entities, among diverse groups of varying sizes: teachers, parents, students, and/or principals, between April and June 2020. The analysis of available reports surveys three dimensions of remote education via ICT: technical - related to availability of equipment necessary for the implementation of education via the Internet, technological - related to the digital competence of students and teachers, and instructional - related to the methodology of teaching in the digital environment. The analysis of data available in the reports showed that the organization of online education was defined by emergency and the scale of the phenomenon exceeded systemic capacity, thereby transferring the burden onto the shoulders of the involved individuals: particular teachers, students, and their parents. Moreover, it was found that the availability of advanced technologies and rich features of particular applications did not automatically induce a stimulating, activating, and engaging learning environment that lead students and teachers to new roles. The review of the research also allowed to diagnose the foundations of theoretical and methodological reflection in the study of modern technologies in primary and secondary education in Poland. Similar surveys conducted in other countries suggest that the Polish predicament was not an exception on an international scale.
PL
Celem artykułu jest z jednej strony krytyczna integracja wiedzy uzyskanej w drodze badań nad edukacją zdalną (jej organizacją i realizacją), prowadzonych przez różne zespoły w pierwszej fali pandemii COVID-19; z drugiej zaś uchwycenie stanu teoretycznej i metodologicznej refleksji ujawniającej się w samych badawczych projektach poszczególnych zespołów.  W przeglądzie wykorzystano 9 badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych przez różne podmioty, wśród różnych i różnolicznych grup: nauczycieli, rodziców, uczniów i/lub dyrektorów, w okresie od kwiet-nia do czerwca 2020 roku. Analiza raportów ukierunkowana na integrację wiedzy płynącej z różnych badań, dotyczyła trzech wymiarów edukacji na odległość realizowanej za pomocą technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych: technicznego – związanego z dostępnością sprzętu koniecznego do realizacji edukacji przez Internet, kompetencyjnego – związanego z umiejętnościami cyfrowymi uczniów i nauczy-cieli oraz dydaktycznego – związanego z samą metodyką nauczania w środowisku cyfrowym. Pomimo licznych metodologicznych trudności w zestawianiu i porównywaniu danych z nich płynących, analiza ta pozwoliła – do pewnego stopnia – poznać obszar praktyki nauczycielskiej w świecie cyfrowym tzn.: ustalić fakty dotyczące przede wszystkim deficytów i zasobów technicznych i technologicznych oraz ich uruchamiania i przez to dostrzec zjawisko wysokiej mobilizacji zasobów ludzkich (indywidulanych i grupowych), rzeczowych, systemowych do realizacji zadania dotąd nieznanego i w niespotykanej skali; postawić kolejne pytania i hipotezy dla przyszłych badań.  Analiza krytyczna, zmierzająca do uchwycenia stanu refleksji teoretycznej i metodologicznej na temat kształcenia na odległość, koncentrowała się na sposobach formułowania pytań, kafeterii odpowiedzi oraz na pytaniach, które nie zostały zadane. Dostrzegalną słabością samych badań nad nauczyciel-skimi praktykami edukacyjnymi była koncentracja badaczy na wymiarze technicznym i technologicznym przy zaniedbaniu wymiaru pedagogicznego tych praktyk. Krytyczna analiza w tym zakresie prowadziła do hipotez i pytań na temat niejawnych założeń i schematów leżących u podłoża tak zaprojektowanych badań. Pozwoliła na sformułowanie rekomendacji do poszerzania pola badania dydaktyki edukacji zdal-nej ku wyraźniejszemu eksponowaniu istotnych komponentów nauczania i uczenia się w środowisku cyfrowym. 
PL
Lęk przed testami jest przeszkodą, która może utrudniać osiąganie pozytywnych wyników w nauce – zarówno w procesie kształcenia, jak i w życiu zawodowym. Wobec upowszechnienia się w ostatnim czasie zdalnej formy nauczania może się pojawić potrzeba pomiaru lęku przed testami online z wykorzystaniem odpowiedniego narzędzia. W niniejszym badaniu dokonano adaptacji skali mierzącej lęk przed testami w formie online (OTAI) do warunków polskich. W badaniu wzięło udział 339 studentów. Na podstawie istotnych statystycznie korelacji wyniku w teście OTAI-PL z samooceną i lękiem przed matematyką, istotnymi statystycznie różnicami międzypłciowymi oraz rezultatami konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej wykazano, że utworzone narzędzie było trafne. Podobnie jak w oryginalnym badaniu (Alibak i in., 2019) polska wersja narzędzia miała trójczynnikową strukturę. Kwestionariusz składa się z trzech skal: psychologicznej, fizjologicznej i związanej z edukacją zdalną. Rzetelność skali potwierdzają wysokie wartości spójności wewnętrznej oraz stabilności bezwzględnej. Na podstawie otrzymanych rezultatów można uznać OTAI-PL za trafne i rzetelne narzędzie umożliwiające pomiar lęku przed testami online wśród polskich studentów. Opracowane narzędzie może być szczególnie przydatne w czasach pandemii i nacisku na zdalną formę nauczania.
EN
Test anxiety is an obstacle that may influence education and professional life. Currently, the remote form of learning is widespread. Thus, a need for measuring test anxiety in an online setting appeared. The paper describes a validation process of a Polish adaptation of the Online Test Anxiety Inventory (OTAI). Three hundred thirty-nine students participated in the study. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a similar structure to the original study (Alibak et al., 2019). The inventory consists of three scales: psychological, physiological, and online. Results of a study indicated the validity of the Polish version of OTAI: we found gender differences and statistically significant correlations with self-esteem as well as with math anxiety. Moreover, we observed high internal consistency of scales and their high test-retest reliability. Based on these results, we argue that OTAI-PL can be considered a valid and reliable inventory, which allows online test anxiety measurement and can be particularly useful in times of pandemic and the pressure on the online form of education.
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