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O idiomatickém charakteru pojmenování v mutační kategorii

100%
Kos P.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2018
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vol. 100
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issue 1
9-23
XX
In Dokulil (1978, 1986), the idiomaticity of a naming unit is understood as a discrepancy between the structural and lexical meanings of newly coined words. This discrepancy is viewed as a characteristic feature of new naming units formed within the mutational onomasiological category. The paper aims to describe the nature of this discrepancy using an onomasiological model primarily based on Štekauer (1998) and Grzega (2007) with its origins in Dokulil’s theory. The model comprises three main levels, namely perceptual, onomasiological, and onomatological, and at all three levels there are aspects that contribute to the idiomaticity of the resulting naming unit. At the perceptual level it is the metonymical character of the salient features; at the onomasiological level it is mainly the extent to which individual features find lexical expression, and at the onomatological level it is predominantly the incorporation of metaphor and metonymy.
2
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Onomaziologické přístupy ke slovotvorbě

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Kos P., Kozubíková Šandová J.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2020
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vol. 102
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issue 1
7-23
EN
The paper aims to offer a description of major onomasiological theories of word-formation. It mainly focuses on the purely synchronic approaches of Dokulil (1962) and Štekauer (1998). A comparative analysis shows that although these approaches are perceived as part of the same onomasiological tradition, they differ in a number of major aspects and should thus be seen as fully autonomous theories. In order to provide a full account of the major onomasiological approaches to word-formation, the paper also describes the most important aspects of those that are on the borderline between word-formation, diachronic onomasiology, and lexicology, those by Blank (1997) and Koch (2001). In the conclusion of the paper, we suggest possible directions which further research in onomasiology may take.
3
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Sémantické mapy a slovotvorba aneb K polyfunkčnosti deverbativních slovotvorných prostředků ve staré a střední češtině

80%
Pergler J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 3
121-129
EN
The paper examines the multifunctionality of the word-formation suffixes used in the formation of Old and Middle Czech deverbal nouns and the possibility of using semantic maps to analyze this multifunctionality. This methodology is first briefly introduced, then a semantic map of six onomasiological categories used in the word-formation patterns is presented (based on extensive data from Old and Middle Czech dictionaries and lexical databases), showing which combinations of functions are possible in a single suffix and which are not. The map is compared with maps found in the literature and several methodological issues are discussed.
4
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K jednomu aspektu evropanství a světovosti češtiny

80%
Hrdlička M.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue Zvláštní číslo 2017
9-22
EN
This paper aims to commemorate, on the seven hundredth anniversary of the birth of Emperor Charles IV, significant milestones in the history of Czech language, to point toward the usage of Czech in the present day and to recognize the yet underutilized possibilities of onomasiological description of the spoken system of Czech as it relates to non-native speakers. This work would contribute to more effective teaching of Czech as a foreign language, especially for non-Slavic speakers. This paper is focused on (a) the presentation of significant language rules related to Czech and the role of Czech in communication (reminiscent of the Golden Bull of Charles IV, which established Czech as one of the official languages in the Holy Roman Empire). Next the paper examines (b) types of grammatical description (the synchronic and diachronic approach, as well as comparative, descriptive, prescriptive, or semasiological grammar) with emphasis on both general and specific qualities of pedagogical grammar (reduction and simplification of curriculum, the cyclical nature of grammatical interpretation, efforts toward understandability and learnability, application of curriculum, and pragmatism). Attention is then dedicated to (c) problematic explanations of Czech grammar in textbooks of Czech for foreigners (formalism, disproportionate attention to morphology and syntax, and similar issues). The paper concludes by considering (d) the advantages and possibilities of onomasiological description of the grammatical system of Czech, beginning with what languages have in common (the semantic dimension) and ending with how they differ (formal representation of meaning and the functions of communication). Onomasiology allows for the introduction of competing ways to express grammatical categories (varied frequency, stylistic connotation, among others). This method contributes to the effective interpretation of grammatical categories that do not have a parallel between the source and target languages. In regard to the methodology of this text, the analysis of scientific literature and textbook material is used, and the benefit of the onomasiological approach is hypothesized.
5
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Morfologická forma a její význam

80%
Hrdlička M.
Bohemistyka
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2019
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issue 4
475-483
EN
When language units are analysed the relation between the form and meaning is investigated. Looking at quality of the relation, linguists study if, and possibly also how, the semantic component is reflected in the formal realization. The relation between the form and meaning is arbitrary and conventional. Focusing on the quantitative aspect of relation between form and meaning, the ratio of a form to the number of its meanings is studied. One form may have several meanings. Some forms have the same or similar meaning, however they usually differ in frequency of use, style or there is a subtle semantic variation. There are two approaches: semasiological (which is predominant in description of Czech for foreigners) and onomasiological which offers new possibilities for the description of Czech grammar system.
CS
Při rozboru jazykových jednotek se sleduje vztah mezi formou a mezi obsahem. Pokud jde o kvalitu daného vztahu, lingvisté zkoumají, zda, event. jakým způsobem se významová složka promítá do své formální realizace. Vztah mezi formou a významem je arbitrární a konvenční. Pokud jde o kvantitativní stránku vztahu forma – význam, sleduje se poměr mezi formou a počtem významových jednotek. Určitá forma může vyjadřovat více významů. Některé formy mají stejný nebo podobný význam, často se však liší frekvencí, stylem, významovými nuancemi. Popisuje se rozdíl mezi přístupem sémaziologickým (ten v popisu češtiny pro cizince dominuje) a onomaziologickým, který nabízí nové možnosti popisu mluvnického systému češtiny.
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