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ORDRE PUBLIC, GENERAL CLAUSES, APPLIANCE OF LAW BY JURISPRUDENCE, FRENCH LAW

100%
Rogalska E.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2017
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vol. 26(26)
254-267
EN
The article describes the appliance of law in French and Polish legal systems and the role of jurisprudence in both jurisdictions. In France and Poland the functioning of general clauses is completely different and the aim of the paper is the presentation of thinking about law in both states by depiction of literature and judgements. As the example I chose the clause of ordre public due to the vast differences in operation of the institution in both legal systems. It is a general clause being one of foundations of French civil law whereas in Poland it functions only in very limited range. In French law the main regulation is included in Article 6 of Code civil. The further rules refering to ordre public in the field of contract law are placed in art. 1102 and 1162. In 2016 there was the reform of law of obligations in Code civil and the legal status before and after were presented. Ordre public is effectively used by jurisprudence in a number of cases in French civil law. Due to rare changes in Code civil French courts have much more freedom in deciding about legal cases than the Polish ones. French state very deeply interferes into the economy so the courts must be provided with legal instruments in order to deal with the problems and apply the rule of law to each case. In Polish law ordre public existed in art. 55 of Code of obligations (freedom of contract) but nowadays we can find only in Article 7 of international private law. Ordre public is the field of international private law is vital but courts are very cautious in its appliance, limiting its usage only to a few cases, such as denial of registration a homosexual union into civil registry. Why Polish courts are so uneager to use the clause? In our legal culture the judges are wary of general clauses and the operation of ordre public is just one of examples. This proves a different usage of general clauses in both legal systems and difference in legal cultures. French jurisprudence has an immense effect on the shape of law, courts actively apply the clause of ordre public while in Poland the verdicts are cautious. Way of thinking about law differs in both states despite the common heritage of Roman law and belonging to the tradition of civil law. In France the freedom of deciding about the cases in the major value while in Poland this certainty of verdicts is believed to be the most important principle.
2
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Sztuczna inteligencja w prawie prywatnym międzynarodowym - wstępne rozważania

89%
Świerczyński M.
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
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2019
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vol. 25
27-41
EN
The legal effects of the use of artificial intelligence algorithms need to be assessed not only at the level of national law, but also at the level of private international law. The initial point of assessment is to determine the law applicable to legal events related to artificial intelligence. The conflict of laws analysis of artificial intelligence also allows to expand the knowledge about traditional private international law institutions, such as ordre public clause. The paper does not pretend to fully explain the issue of conflict of laws of artificial intelligence. Its aim is to make a preliminary verification of the conflict-of-laws methods based of existing instruments. The study aims to start an academic discussion on artificial intelligence in the context of the conflicts of law. It is important as legal events related to artificial intelligence algorithms are characterized by considerable complexity.
3
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Anti-suit injunctions in arbitral and judicial procedures in the Czech Republic

62%
Bělohlávek A. J.
The Lawyer Quarterly
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2018
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vol. 8
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issue 4
322-331
EN
Anti-suit injunctions are rather unknown in the civil law legal system of the Czech Repbulic. The policy reasons for the rejection of anti-suit injunctions in the Czech Republic are rooted in the constitutional right of every person to assert, through the legally prescribed procedure, their rights before an independent and impartial court or, in specified cases, before another body. In other words, every person may commence proceedings before a competent court, or respectively before any court or another body (e.g. like an arbitral tribunal, etc.), which is then exclusively empowered to rule on its jurisdiction. Therefore, there is also no distinction between anti-suit injunctions in domestic and international litigation. Czech law does not have any alternative procedural or substantive devices that may have similar functions as anti-suit injunctions related to arbitration. It means that it is not possible to obtain a court order against a respondent prohibiting the respondent from commencing or continuing court proceedings in another forum in violation of an arbitration agreement.
4
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Hledání jádra pojmu veřejný pořádek

51%
Štěpáníková M., Smejkalová T.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2022
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vol. 161
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issue 8
753-773
EN
Vague legal concepts are necessarily bound to social and legal reality in a given time and at a given place. In consequence, their meaning changes constantly. Czech legal theory seems to be built on an idea that legal concepts have their core and penumbra. Using the example of a concept of legal order (public policy) this article shows the obstacles traditional doctrinal legal analysis faces when looking for the core of vague legal concepts. This article tackles various attempts to delimit and explain the meaning of public order in the context of Czech legal environment and asks, to what extent is it even possible to map out the intension and extension (and intensional and extensional definitions) of this concept. It follows various attempts at general definition and explanations of public order and discusses what of these definitions may be its core and its penumbra. It also focuses on the issue of legal facticity of this concept’s usage. Based on the example of the concept of public order this article further shows the need for empirical examination of legal concepts.
CS
Neurčité právní pojmy jsou pojmy, které jsou nutně navázány na společenskou a právní situaci v daném místě a v daný čas. V důsledku toho se jejich právní uchopení neustále proměňuje. Česká právní teorie staví na tom, že právní pojmy mají své významové jádro a polostín. Na příkladu pojmu veřejného pořádku ukazujeme, jaká úskalí s sebou nese hledání jádra tohoto pojmu skrze právní teorii vlastní doktrinální analýzu. Tento text se tedy především v kontextu českého právního prostředí zabývá jednotlivými pokusy o vymezení neurčitého pojmu a ptá se, zdali je vůbec možné zmapovat jeho obsah a rozsah v celé jeho šíři i s ohledem na jeho diferencovanost a proměnlivost. Postupuje od možných obecných definic k teoretickému vysvětlení pojmu v doktríně. Na základě tohoto teoretického zkoumání pak diskutuje, co ze zkoumaného pojmu lze v teoretické perspektivě vnímat jako jádro pojmu a co jako jeho polostín. Zaměřuje se také na otázku právní fakticity používání tohoto pojmu a slouží jako demonstrace toho, jak vnitřně diferencovaný tento obsah je v různých kontextech. Ve svém důsledku tak tento článek na konkrétním příkladu ukazuje, že je třeba právní pojmy a jejich význam hledat a zkoumat, nikoliv jen teoreticky domýšlet.
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