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Wat, poeta orficki

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PL
Wat, an orphic poet   The most important context for many 20th century references to the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice remained Rilke’s poem Orpheus. Eurydice. Hermes (among others, Jastrun, Herbert, Miłosz); the author of the article wonders whether Rilke was equally important for Aleksander Wat as the author of Wiersze somatyczne [Somatic poems] as well as Wiersz ostatni [A Final Poem]. A comparison of the first edition of Wiersze somatyczne (“New Culture”, 1957) with its first book publishing (also in 1957) inclines the author to pose a question, why is this first version much more dramatic, somehow more “orphic”: did Wat soften a book version of the poem due to personal reasons (a soften phase of the illness) or was it because of censorship’s intervension? Referring to Orpheus, the author also indicates significant painting contexts (Moreau, Delville, Redon) and sculpture contexts (Rodin); it becomes useful during Wat’s interpretation – his very pictorial illustration (e.g. in the poem Na wystawie Odilon Redona) is also “orphic”, full of blackness. Nevertheless, it seems that Wat’s orphic descent into blackness, inside oneself, into death is even more acute than Rilke’s – since Wat writes about himself, his own death and his own funeral (Wiersz ostatni).
PL
Although Krzystof Karasek counts among the most outstanding representatives of the Nowa Fala (New Wave) generation, his poems have not been subject to detailed analysis so far. The author attempts to highlight the meaning of the Orphic threads in Krzysztof Karasek’s poetry written after 1989. For more than twenty years Karasek’s poems have been tied to each other by a suggestive figure of a hero named by the poet a ‘castaway’. This castaway’s characteristics include distance to himself and lack of delusion about the condition of the world after personal and cultural collapse. Still, it also includes great appraisal of life. The poet, defining the figure of the castaway, calls in a number of castaway figures, characters after catastrophe, among which one can find the mythical Orpheus. The article addresses the originality of Karasek’s idea with regard to his polemical texts which engaged with Zbigniew Herbert’s and Julian Kornhauser’s works.
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2019
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vol. 52
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issue 1
25-48
EN
The author analyses Pieśń tryumfującej miłości (one the prose poems by Tadeusz Miciński) as an inverted version of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice. The interpretation is embedded in the context of the Orphic doctrine and Orphic mystery cults. It refers also to the significant role of music – not only in the nineteenthcentury literature but also in Miciński’s life and work.
PL
Autorka interpretuje poemat prozą Tadeusza Micińskiego jako transpozycję mitu o Orfeuszu. Rozważaniami obejmuje przy tym nie tylko mit orfejski, ale i doktrynę orficką. Analizy sytuuje na szerokim tle podkreślającym znaczenie muzyki w Młodej Polsce. Odnotowuje kontakty pisarza z kompozytorami, reperkusje jego pobytu w Hellerau, a także utwory, w których tematyzował muzykę. W takiej perspektywie dokonuje analizy Pieśni tryumfującej miłości.
EN
In this article the author attempts to show what can be described as a life of ideas in culture. The starting point for the discussion is the idea of the body as the prison of the soul, which came into philosophical discourse by Orphism, then Pythagoreanism. In this way the Greek philosophy shaped the paradigm according to which the spiritual is superior to that which is bodily; that it is the primary purpose of man to care about his spirituality, as only spirituality can contribute to the liberation of the human being. This idea was taken over by Plato, and after a few centuries it was transplanted into the ground of Christian theology. Then it underwent a kind of religious transformation, mainly due to St. Paul, Origen and St. Augustine and became for many centuries an important theological and pedagogical directive to cherish the soul at the expense of the body, because only your heart is the gateway to eternal life.
EN
The first part of the article shows the genesis of the soma-sema formula and its function in the Orphic and Pythagorean tradition, as well as in Plato. A particular attention was paid to its ontic background (dualism) and its ethical aspect: a neces­sity to undergo a punishment in the subsequent birth cycles (metempsychosis) and cleanse the soul of guilt. The second part presents a reception of the formula in the Gnostic Book of Thomas the Contender, indicating similarities and differences.
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