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EN
Building a temple in Ancient Egypt began with the Foundation Ritual and ended with the consecration of the completed monument to its gods. The moment when the temple was ready for its cultic functions is by a majority of authors placed at the end of the process. The importance and complexity of the Foundation Ritual shows that directly after its completing the Egyptians might have treated extent of the future temple as a sacred space which already during the construction of the temple required some sort of cult. There seems to be no royal document referring to the official worship, but a number of ostraca from Deir el-Bahari and another longer document may be linked to this early stage unmaterialized existence of the temple. All these documents record the offerings presented in the temple by different officials of the time of Hatshepsut. At least some of them predate the completion of building operation.
EN
Following the articles published in JJP 47 and 48, further sixty-five ostraca discovered by Tomasz Górecki in the Theban hermitage MMA 1152 are published here. They are labelled ‘Exercises’, a general designation covering different categories, namely extracts of Psalms and other edifying texts, prayers, lists of word, alphabets, and drawings. They are somehow introducing us to the intellectual and spiritual life in the hermitage.
EN
In this paper, three Coptic ostraca, which all most probably originate in the Theban area, are edited. The texts are all epistolary in nature. It is probable that all three stem from a monastic environment; ostensibly no. 1 relates to the Epiphanius Monastery, while no. 2 comes from the dossier belonging to the Monastery of Phoibammon. The latter piece concerns an argument about the appointment of a shepherd, thus providing another witness to the economic activities of the mentioned institution. No. 3 concerns a delivery of an unnamed commodity kept in sacks.
EN
The present paper constitutes the second part of the publicaton of Coptic ostraca discovered by Tomasz Górecki in the Theban hermitage MMA 1152. The twenty-eight texts edited here are of legal and economic character, including a few letters of protection and tax receipts, fragments of private contracts, and various economy-related documents (lists, accounts, dipinti). While attesting to a limited administrative activity, these texts, like the letters, reveal their whole value when compared with other documents of the same sort coming from the region.
EN
This article is the first in a series that aims to publish all the Coptic ostraca discovered by Tomasz Górecki during his excavations in the hermitage MMA 1152 (Western Thebes) between 2003 and 2013. Here, I am presenting the edition of private letters. There are altogether sixty-eight such texts, of which eleven have been published elsewhere and fifty-seven are edited here. Even though many of them are very fragmentary, one can recognize various topics common to the letters of this region in the seventh–eighth centuries. They also testify to the relations that existed between the hermitage and the neighbouring sites of the Theban region.
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