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Lidové výklady českých příjmení

100%
Dvořáková Ž.
Národopisný věstník
|
2022
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2
379-396
EN
This paper analyses 379 folk etymological interpretations and other 141 assumptions about the foreign origin of surnames, all received either by the radio programme On the Origin of Surnames, the Language Counselling Centre of the Czech Language Institute, or the information service Ask the Library. These inquiries were sent by the public along with requests for a confirmation of the suggested etymological interpretations of the surnames in question, or for an official (correct / scientific) explanation. The analysis shows that most often the folk etymology consists in erroneous decomposition of the name or in connecting the name with an incorrect original form, i.e. usually a familiar noun recognized in the name. The folk etymologies do not respect the word-forming structure of names. They also ignore the age and origin of the surname which they like to look for in foreign languages (especially in French, Polish, Hungarian), regardless of the origin of the family.
2

Nazwiska czeskie a Czesi w Polsce w XX w.

84%
Matkowska-Jerzyk M.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2018
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vol. 166
161-175
EN
Czech names and Czech in Poland in the 20th century The article was based on more than 600 Czech surnames from Słownik nazwisk współcześnie w Polsce używanych used by Kazimierz Rymut. The article shows the state of research of Czech anthroponymy in Poland, which was treated by researchers quite marginally. An outline of the history of contacts and Czech settlements in Poland was also presented, which had an important impact on the extension of the Polish anthroponymic system with the Czech genetic names. The four most important areas on which the Czech settlement was developed were: Galicia (Galicja), “Czech Corner” (Czeski Zakątek), Settlement areas (areas of settlements) of the Czech brothers and Silesia (Śląsk). The article compares the data of names in Poland in the twentieth century with the map of the Czech population, which mostly overlapped.
CS
Česká příjmení a Češi v Polsku ve 20. století Tento článek byl založen na více než 600 českých příjmeních excerpovaných ze Słowniku nazwisk współcześnie używanych ed. Kazimierze Rymuta. Článek představuje současný stav výzkumu českých příjmení v polském antroponomastickém systému, který doposud byl považován vědci spíše okrajově. Zaroveň představuje také stručnou historii česko-polských vztahu a českého usázení v Polsku, které měly významný vliv na expanzi geneticky českých příjmení do polského antroponomastického systému. Autorka vyčlenila 4 nejdůležitější oblasti, ve kterých vznikaly největší české společnosti, a to: Galicie, Český koutek, místa, na kterých se usazeli čeští exulanti (členové Jednoty bratrské) a Slezsko. Ve svém článku autorka srovnává údaje tykající se českých příjmení v Polsku ve 20. století s mapou Čechů bydlících v Polsku, a ty se ve vetší míře shoduji.
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Amerikanizace českých příjmení na území Chicaga

84%
Procházková L.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2016
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vol. 99
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issue 3
147-157
EN
The article discusses the changes in surnames of Czech origin in Chicago. The first part analyzes the historical aspects of the Czech immigration to Chicago during the second half of the 19th century. The second part focuses on the different types of changes of the Czech surnames. Haphazard and infrequent changes are also mentioned.
4
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Jména pro nalezence z babyboxů

84%
Dvořáková Ž.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2022
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vol. 105
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issue 4
207-224
EN
Between 2006 and 2021, 231 babies were anonymously abandoned by their parents in the so-called baby hatches or baby boxes placed around the Czech Republic. First names and surnames are given to these children by nurses in hospitals or mostly by Ludvík Hess, the founder and organizer of the project of baby boxes in the Czech Republic. First names are chosen after nurses or doctors in hospitals, sponsors of the project, and Hess’s friends. Sometimes the waifs are given the name corresponding to the respective name-day in the Czech calendar. Assigned surnames are motivated by the time (day, holiday, season) when, or the place (toponym) where, the child was found. However, these names are informal and temporary. The official first name and surname of the child must be decided by a court. Names can then be changed again after adoption.
5
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Lidová etymologie a "hanlivá" příjmení

84%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
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2018
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vol. 59
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issue 1
42-53
EN
There are many Czech surnames motivated by parts of human or animal body. Some of them are connected with sexual or fecal activities. These surnames are pejorative and many of them were changed during the time and disappeared from our onymic system. This article is focused on surnames which are meant to be obscene only by a folk etymology but their real origin is different and they have nothing to do with vulgar common nouns. However, the pressure of the folk etymology is so strong that many people rather change their surname not to be objects of jokes and notes about their names.
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Jména po chalupě v obcích Láz a Čenkov

84%
Havrda M., Maturová M.
Acta onomastica
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2017
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vol. 58
165-171
EN
The paper provides with an analysis of the preserved names after houses in villages Láz and Čenkov. The linguistic analysis was carried out on a total of 139 names (75 in the village of Láz, and 64 in Čenkov). The largest group consists of names based on the surnames of the original or more rarely of the current owners. However, other groups were also represented, such as names derived from nouns reflecting the psychophysical or social qualities, education or profession of the owner. A partial comparative probe proves that, in spite of sceptical prognoses, the names after houses are still used in some villages and they successfully face especially the demographic changes of the Czech countryside.
7
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Aksjologiczne nacechowanie leksyky motywującej odapelatywne nazwiska Polaków

84%
Matusiak-Kempa I.
Acta onomastica
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2016
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vol. 56
147-154
EN
The article presents the objectives and methods of analyzing the evaluative lexis which motivates the surnames of Poles. As already announced in the sketch, the paper maintains the conviction that the valuation is the basics of the categorization of reality, and the act of naming is a particularly interesting field of research, since it is a person who is being evaluated. The analysis of appellatives is carried out in the anthropological contexts. The lexis discussed in the article accords with the semantic categories based on the typology of values created by Jadwiga Puzynina.
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O jednom pokusu o systematizaci a výklad židovských příjmení

84%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
203-209
EN
The contribution is a critique of the article by J. Klenovský, who presented his own classification of the surnames of Moravian Jews. However, the thesis shows many professional shortcomings (e.g. missing citations, insufficient description of the material) and many of the presented etymological interpretations are highly questionable.
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Seznamy vězňů tzv. cikánských koncentračních táborů očima onomastiky

67%
Dvořáková Ž.
Onomastica
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2022
|
vol. 66
65-83
EN
Two concentration camps were established for Roma people in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1942. Roma from Bohemia were deported to Lety and Roma from Moravia to the camp near Hodonín u Kunštátu, before most of them were murdered in the “Gypsy family camp” (Zigeunerlager) in Auschwitz II. Birkenau. The lists of prisoners are valuable not only for historians (they were published previously by the historian Ctibor Nečas), but also for onomastics, as they allow us to analyse the naming practise of Czech and Moravian Roma in the pre-war period. There are 325 unique surnames on these lists, with most of them being Czech or German, and they thus demonstrate the connection with the territory and its language(s). The study discusses the most common Roma surnames in Moravia (e.g. Daniel, Holomek, Burianský) and in Bohemia (e.g. Růžička, Janeček, Vrba) as well as the surnames of Sinti living in the Czech borderland regions (e.g. Winter). It is shown that the surnames of Roma from Bohemia and Moravia were different due to the historical and social reasons. They were mostly derived from personal names (e.g. Florián) and place names (e.g. Dubský), they were motivated by the occupation adopted (e.g. Kovář ‘smith’) or the character and appearance of the individual (e.g. Malík ‘small’). After the war, only 583 of the 4,870 Roma who had been imprisoned returned.
CS
Na území Protektorátu Čechy a Moravy byly v roce 1942 zřízeny dva tzv. cikánské koncentrační tábory. Romové z Čech byly deportováni do tábora v Letech, Romové z Moravy a Slezska do tábora nedaleko Hodonína u Kunštátu. Většina z nich poté byla zavražděna v “cikánském rodinném táboře” (Zigeunerlager) v Osvětimi II. Březince. Seznamy vězňů jsou velmi cenné nejen pro historiky (byly vydány historikem Ctiborem Nečasem), ale i pro onomastiky, neboť nám dovolují nahlédnout do pojmenovávacích zvyklostí českých a moravských Romů v předválečném období. Na těchto seznamech nacházíme 325 příjmení. Většina z nich je česká, popř. německá, a dokládají tak sepětí s tímto územím a jeho jazykem/jazyky. Studie analyzuje nejčastější příjmení na Moravě (např. Daniel, Holomek a Burianský) i v Čechách (např. Růžička, Vrba a Janeček), stejně jako příjmení Sintů žijících v oblasti Sudet (např. Winter, Bernhardt). Ukazuje se, že příjmení Romů v Čechách a na Moravě byla odlišná, což bylo dáno historickými a sociálními příčinami. Nejčastěji byla odvozena z osobních jmen (např. Florián) nebo toponym (např. Dubský), byla motivována povoláním (např. Kovář) nebo charakterem a vzhledem (např. Malík). Po válce se z 4 870 Romů vrátilo jen 583.
10
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On the use of surnames in Polish newspaper headlines

67%
Dacewicz L.
Acta onomastica
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2016
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vol. 56
62-75
EN
The present article discusses the frequency and function of surnames in newspaper headlines. Additionally, it signals the fact that the surname´s prestigious status as one of the personal rights has been continually threatened, and shows possible media contribution to this process. The article aims to address such issues as the characteristic features of the media language (mainly its colloquial character and a tendency to enhance the forcefulness of expression), surname as one of the personal rights, or surnames in the context of etiquette. Newspaper titles targeting broad audience such as „Gazeta Wyborcza“, „Gazeta Polska“, „Rzeczpospolita“, „Polityka“ etc. were the main source of linguistic material for analysis; the analysed press samples covered the period from February till June 2014. The proportion of surname-featuring headlines in the scrutinized newspapers and magazines seems to vary. This kind of headlines is most often employed by „Gazeta Wyborcza“ because well-known surnames are very effective attention-grabbers (the most frequently used surnames appeared to be Putin, Kaczyński, and Tusk).
11
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Mizení příjmení a jejich variant (sonda do příjmení začínajících písmenem K):

67%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
|
2020
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vol. 61
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issue 2
311-331
EN
The study compares the surnames from the Tax Lists from Bohemia (1654) and Moravia and Silesia (1669‒1679) with those from the current surname list (2017), with the aim to map the changes of the onymic system. A special attention is paid to changes in the names beginning with the letter K, with a particular focus on surnames which have already become extinct or they are about to disappear soon. The reasons for the disappearance of surnames are primarily biological (no sons in the family). However, some family names have been changed over the years, and another reason is the migration, which has had an impact on the onymic system as well. The system of Czech surnames underwent great changes as a result of the Second World War, when some Jewish surnames disappeared and the surnames of the expelled German inhabitants were lost. The article also poses a question which surnames can actually be considered to be Czech.
12
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Několik poznámek k vývoji antroponymického paradigmatu na moravském venkově v 15. a 16. století

67%
Pastyřík S.
Acta onomastica
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2017
|
vol. 58
115-120
EN
This material contribution dealing with anthroponyms in Central Moravian region in the 15th and 16th centuries is loosely based on the author’s earlier article about medieval personal names in Moravia in the 17th and 18th centuries. Material obtained from the regional monograph is the bases for author’s personal reflection on the development of anthroponymical paradigm in Moravian countryside.
13
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Poznámka k překladu německého termínu "Zuname" do češtiny

67%
Olivová-Nezbedová L.
Acta onomastica
|
2018
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vol. 59
|
issue 1
273-275
EN
According to the onomastic terminology included in the publication Οsnoven sistem i terminologija na slovenskata onomastika - Osnovnaja sistema i terminologija slavjanskoj onomastiki - Grundsystem und Terminologie der slawischen Onomastik, Skopje - Skop’e - Skopje 1983, which is still recognised to be relevant, it is necessary to translate the German term Zuname into Czech as příjmení ‚surname‘ and the German term Beiname either as příjmí ‚by-name‘ or přezdívkové vlastní jméno ‚nickname‘, depending on the context.
14
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Vidapeljativni prizvišča žiteliv M. Novovolins'ka Volins'koji oblasti na -ehk-o, pochidni bid imennikovich osnob

67%
Chviščuk O., Hromik J., Javors'kij A.
Acta onomastica
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2018
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vol. 59
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issue 1
90-105
EN
Appellative derivatives ending in -enk-o, derived from nouns play an important role in the anthroponymicon of the Novovolynsk Volyn region. O. B. Tkachenko notes that originally the derivatives with the suffix -enk-o belonged to the folk forms of children names after the father, and the appellative constructions of formation are likely to have appeared in the second half of the 12th and in 13th century. According to M. L. Hudash, ancient appellative Slavic nicknames that changed into the surnames are not always possible to distinguish from the actual nicknames that are portrayed from ancient times as informal namings. Both constructions have been formed from the appellative vocabulary of a specific semantic category as groups of personal and non-personal names. The difference was only in different motives and methods of assigning nomination. The analysis of appellative surnames of the Novovolynsk citizens ending in -enk-o derived from nouns revealed the generating extensive structure of these words, indicating a natural and long-term process of their formation. These anthroponyms represent various semantic and thematic layers of the vocabulary, describe native speakers with a help of their physical or mental features, behaviour, and reflect the Ukrainian outlook and mentality. Summing up, the surnames with the suffix -enk-o are of great importance to the anthroponymicon of Novovolynsk, Volyn region. This situation is obviously caused not only by lingual but also extralingual factors, primarily active migration processes not only within the country but also in the region, resulting in forming the modern structure of this young town.
CS
Deapelativní odvozeniny zakončené na -enk-o utvořené od substantiv sehrávají důležitou roli v antroponymii Novovolyňska ve Volyňské oblasti. Jak uvádí O. B. Tkačenko, odvozeniny se sufixem -enk-o původně patřily k lidovým podobám pojmenování dětí po otci a deapelativní formace se pravděpodobně začaly objevovat ve 2. polovině 12. století a ve století 13. Podle M. L. Chudaše staré deapelativní slovanské přezdívky, z nichž se vyvinula příjmení, nelze vždy odlišit od skutečných přezdívek doložených od nejstarších dob jako neformální pojmenování. Obě konstrukce byly utvořeny od apelativ specifické sémantické kategorie jako skupiny osobních a neosobních jmen. Rozdíl byl pouze v různých motivech a metodách udělování jména. Analýza deapelativních příjmení obyvatel Novovolyňska zakončených na -enk-o utvořených od substantiv odhaluje složitou strukturu těchto slov, naznačující přirozený dlouhodobý proces jejich tvoření. Tato antroponyma zahrnují různé sémantické a tematické vrstvy slovní zásoby, popisují osoby prostřednictvím jejich fyzických i duševních vlastností a chování a odrážejí ukrajinskou mentalitu. Příjmení se sufixem -enk-o zaujímají v antroponymii Novovolyňska významné místo. Je to nepochybně způsobeno nejen jazykovými, ale i mimojazykovými faktory, především pak migračními procesy nejen v rámci země, ale i uvnitř oblasti, které vyúsťují v moderní strukturu tohoto mladého města.
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Jména měšťanů České Lípy zapsaná v nejstarší městské knize z let 1461 až 1722

59%
Casková M.
Acta onomastica
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2017
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vol. 58
158-164
EN
This study deals with names of townsmen of Česká Lípa, which are enrolled in the oldest preserved town book in the years 1461–1722. The interpretation of the names is very difficult. In this town book we can find 1 475 records, out of which 1 312 records deal with granting of towns law. Around 1 378 people are included among townsmen. The precise number of townsmen is not easy to determine. We can find a lot of male names – the most favourite name was Hans – and a lot of female names – the name Anna is most favourite. Surnames were not fixed in the Middle Ages or in the Modern Times. We cannot ascertain the ethnicity of the townsmen. It is impossible, because scribes wrote into the town book at their discretion.
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