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EN
The article offers an overview of lesser-known aspects of the Eastern Adriatic futuristic avant-garde in a broader sense: both the futuristic movement itself and the phenomena that relied on it in conventional interpretations. Selected episodes relate to the examination of the futuristic relationship to the organic unbuilt nature. Emphasis is placed on the comparative image of this multicultural and multilingual literary region, beyond national historiographical conventions.
EN
The works of Charles Bonnet illustrate the contribution of imagination to research in natural history in the second half of the 18th century. In his Palingénésie philosophique (1769), Bonnet uses images and metaphors rooted in the philosophical and literary imagery of the Enlightenment to describe the evolution of life. This juxtaposition of scientific and literary discourses did not prevent Bonnet from being regarded as a forefather of modern biology by historians of science.
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EN
The subject of the article is the Gloria victis novella by Eliza Orzeszkowa (1910). The author points out tensions between Romanticism idea of uprisings (i.e. the January Uprising of 1863 in Poland), which is the main theme of the novella, and naturalistic style of narration as well as modern ways of artistic expression. She notes many consequences of using nature’s narrative point of view (e.g. wind, trees): reference to the palingenetic myth, impressionist and expressionist techniques, rough naturalism in the death and battle scenes. She also showshow Orzeszkowa emphasises the dichotomy between the history (obliviousness possibility) and biology (cycle of matter).
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest opowiadanie Elizy Orzeszkowej Gloria victis z 1910 roku. Autorka ukazuje napięcie pomiędzy romantyczną z ducha ideową koncepcją utworu o powstańczym zrywie 1863 roku a modernistycznym obrazowaniem i wrażliwością estetyczną. Zwraca uwagę na konsekwencje narracji prowadzonej z perspektywy leśnej przyrody (wiatru, drzew): symbolizm mitu eleuzyńskiego, techniki impresjonizmu i ekspresjonizmu oraz brutalny naturalizm w opisach śmierci i umierania. Eksponuje zarysowaną przez Orzeszkową dychotomię historii (i niepamięci) i biologii (cyklu natury).
EN
Rotifers and tardigrades, microscopic animals discovered in the 18th century, have exceptional abilities to survive in hostile conditions. Exposing them to desiccation, extreme temperatures, and vacuum, scientists wanted to determine whether these animals die and revive, or whether they preserve a trace of life in these lethal conditions. The question of boundaries of life had been the subject of scientific controversy throughout the 19th century, an example of which was the debate between L. Doyère and F.-A. Pouchet in the late 1850s. Its echoes can be found in E. About’s science-fiction novel L’Homme à l’oreille cassée (1861), in which tardigrades’ ability to revive is extrapolated to humans.
EN
In 2015, Todos’ Os’machka celebrated his 120th anniversary. In the paper, the author outlines Shakespearean motifs in T. Os’machka’s poetry and novellas. The concepts of visionaries, apocalypse, and palingenesis (παλιγγενεσία) have been discussed taking into account Os’machka’s texts. His novella Starshyi boyaryn represents the mythological orientations explicated through the narrative peculiarities and the key idea of apocalypse and its spiritual afterglow. The text seems to be a Ukrainian version of Shakespeare’s Macbeth, which was translated by Os’machka and published in 1953 together with Henri IV. The author’s texts represent specific historical visionaries and demonstrate an outstanding model of Ukraine as a metaphysical place. The reception of Os’machka’s works as ‘alchemical’ (Yu. Sherekh) has been also spotlighted in the paper.
EN
In the poem Les Fossiles (1854), Louis Bouilhet tells the story of the evolution of life. Inspired by various naturalists, he imagines the emergence of life on Earth, the birth of species, and their extinction followed by the emergence of new forms of life. The destiny of humankind is subordinate to this law of nature: humans will be supplanted by more perfect beings. The purpose of this article is to consider the influence of Charles Bonnet's palingenetic philosophy on Bouilhet from the perspective of epistemocritical methodology, allowing the identification of epistemological transfers between the work of the naturalist and that of the poet.
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