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Spatial Dynamic Modelling of Tax Gap: the Case of Italy

100%
Carfora A., Pansini R. V., Pisani S.
European Spatial Research and Policy
|
2018
|
vol. 25
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issue 1
7-28
EN
This paper analyses the determinants of regional tax gap in Italy testing if tax evasion is characterised by spatial persistence. The size of spatial correlation in regional tax gaps has been tested and the role of additional determinants of evasion over the period 2001–2011 has been estimated. Using a dynamic spatial panel model, it is shown that regional tax gap is determined by tax evasion in neighbouring regions and is characterised by spatial persistence. Results make it possible to draw a taxonomy of the determinants of regional tax gap: contextual factors and operational factors linked to the relative efficacy of tax evasion contrasting policies and geography.
2
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Institutions and economic growth in Africa: Evidence from panel estimation

88%
Epaphra M., Kombe A. H.
Business and Economic Horizons
|
2017
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vol. Volume 13
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issue Issue 5
570-590
EN
There is growing emphasis on the role of institutions on explaining Africa’s economic growth ahead of the traditional factors such as capital accumulation. However, it is not clear which of the institutions and governance indicators namely control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law and voice and accountability matter most. This paper empirically examines the impact of institutions on economic growth in Africa. The paper uses a sample of 48 countries for the1996-2016 period. The overall number of observations is 912. The paper applied generalized methods of moment (GMM), fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) models. However, due to the fact that GMM is well suited to deal with potential endogeneity problems in the model, inferential statistics of this paper are drawn from GMM regression results. Results of the FE and RE regressions are presented in appendix. Empirical results show that institutions really matter for Africa’s economic growth. Among the institutional quality indicators political stability appears to be the most significant factor in explaining real GDP per capita growth in Africa. However, it is worth noting that, the quality of institutions alone may not be sufficient. Along with institutions, the paper reveals that structural factors such as liberalization of trade, fixed capital formation, labour force and foreign direct investment have a significant effect on Africa’s economic growth. The implication is that, a policy mix with the aim of improving the quality of institutions as well as reducing trade restrictions, enhancing both domestic and foreign investment and improving the quality of labour force would enhance economic growth in Africa.
3
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Przynależność sektorowa a wyniki spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie

63%
Gostkowska-Drzewicka M., Majerowska E.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2018
|
issue 531
139-148
PL
Przynależność spółki do sektora jest jednym z podstawowych czynników determinujących jej rentowność. Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu sektora na wyniki spółek. Analiza empiryczna obejmuje spółki notowane na GPW w Warszawie w latach 1998-2016, z podziałem na 11 sektorów. Oszacowano liniowe modele zależności wartości wskaźników rentowności od zmiennych zeroj-edynkowych, oznaczających przynależność spółki do danego sektora, oraz od zmiennej kontrolnej, reprezentującej jej wielkość, wyrażoną wartością aktywów ogółem. Wyniki oszacowań modeli wskazują na statystycznie istotne różnice w poziomie wskaźników rentowności aktywów ROA i rentowności kapitałów własnych ROE analizowanych spółek w zależności od ich przynależności do poszczególnych sektorów. W przypadku ROA oszacowania wskazują na różnicę w sektorze nieruchomości w stosunku do pozostałych sektorów. W przypadku ROE takie różnice wykazują sektory: budownictwa, dóbr konsumpcyjnych i technologii w stosunku do spółek z sektora usług.
EN
The company’s affiliation to the sector is one of the basic factors determining its profitability. The purpose of the paper is to assess the impact of the sector on the results of companies. Empirical analysis includes companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 1998-2016, divided into 11 sectors. Linear models of dependence of profitability ratios from zero-one variables, denoting the company’s affiliation to a given sector and a control variable, representing its size, expressed in the value of total assets were estimated. The results of estimation indicate statistically significant differences in the profitability ratios of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) of the analyzed companies depending on their affiliation to particular sectors. In the case of ROA, estimates indicate a difference in the real estate sector in relation to other sectors. In the case of ROE, such differences are found in the construction, consumer goods and technology sectors in relation to companies from the service sector.
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