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Norms and Legal Practice in Ancient Egypt: A Case Study of Irrigation System Management

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Skalec A.

Studia Iuridica

2019

vol. 80

375-388

The prosperity of Egyptian civilization has depended on the efficient use of water deriving from the Nile throughout its recorded history. Despite the importance of water and irrigation in ancient Egypt, very little is known of its water regulations. The only known legal source related directly to the maintenance of canals that has been preserved is a section of the Dikaiomata – the Alexandrian city law dealing with the construction and improvement of irrigation channels in the surrounding countryside. However, being Greek in origin, it does not seem to correspond to the legal practice that has been in use in Egypt since the earliest times. How water regulations looked like in practice can therefore only be observed by means of practice documents, i.e. papyri from Ptolemaic period. Such papyri recorded the law in action, both in relation to individuals as well as the whole society in the context of water management. These documents and their similarities and differences to the rules contained in Dikaiomata are the subject of the paper.

Nie tylko Gaius. Sensacyjne znaleziska „za szafą”

58%

Łuka A.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

2018

vol. 27

issue 2

95-110

History shows the books are either readers hearts’ desire or some spare or even useless objects. The example of that are many authors of ancient Greek and Latin literature. The output of splendid writers and poets, esteemed during their lives, having their place on the obligatory reading list of well educated human being and considered as the members of high literature pantheon, happened to be forgotten or even destroyed on purpose many a time over years, as poems of Sappho or Ovid. Some others, as Cicero, Catullus, Livy, Vergil, Tibullus, Propertius, Horace, Petronius, Statius or Apuleius once lost their popularity, once won back their glory. The amateurs of literature, with their searching for missing books, saved them for next generations. Scholar with a distinctive contribution to that are, among others, Francesco Petrarca, Giovanni Boccaccio and Poggio Bracciolini, the precursors of renaissance, who were sifting the resources of European libraries. The valuable source of ancient literature are Egyptian papyri and parchment palimpsests; due to the former ones we may read e. g. Menander’s comedies, meanwhile the latter ones have given us such authors as Plautus, Terence, the Elder and Younger Pliny, Sallust, Lucan, Juvenal and Gaius. The challenge for nowadays is not only to stock properly, but also to examine precisely this inestimable legacy.

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Norms and Legal Practice in Ancient Egypt: A Case Study of Irrigation System Management

Nie tylko Gaius. Sensacyjne znaleziska „za szafą”