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Struktura uczniowskich opowiadań z dialogiem

100%
Kopeć U.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Litterarum Polonarum et Linguae Polonae Pertinentia
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2019
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vol. 10
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issue 285
254-264
EN
The purpose of the article is analysis of the structure of students’ short stories with dialogue, which are rarely a subject of research for linguists, and drawing conclusions resulting from this scrutiny. The studies have been conducted among students of seventh and eighth grade in 3 primary schools in – Rzeszów (Nowe Miasto district), Warsaw (Ursynów district) and Gdańsk (Przymorze district). The analysis of the texts indicates that most of the 7th and 8th grade students subjected to research know the basic determinants of the story, and the structure of their texts is more or less correct. Some of the students, however, forget about the meaning and role of the title of the story. The respondents do not deal with introduction of dialogues well, only half of them can do it in the way which does not make you express considerable reservations. The analysis of the stories proves that the youth also have problems with constructing paragraphs correctly. It means that the students do not understand the role of paragraphs as consistent unities of thought, and their texts are incoherent and challenging for the reader. The least developed parts of the students’ stories are: unfolding of the plot and the ending.
2
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Essay as a Form of Academic Writing

80%
Medvid O., Podolkova S.
Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna
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2019
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issue 8
215-225
PL
Pisanie akademickie zawsze miało pierwszorzędne znaczenie dla studentów. Pisanie jest podstawą nauki, więc rozwijanie umiejętności pisania w języku angielskim otwiera przed nimi większe możliwości. Artykuł analizuje różne rodzaje eseju akademickiego, określa wymagania niezbędne do skutecznego pisania, analizuje strukturę i funkcje jego elementów składowych oraz bada strukturę kompozycyjną akapitów.
EN
Academic writing has always been of primary importance for post-graduate students. Writing is the basis of study, so developing the skills of writing in English opens higher opportunities for them. The paper considers different types of an academic essay, outlines requirements which are necessary for effective writing, analyses structure and functions of its constituent elements and examines compositional structure of paragraphs. The structure of an academic essay consists of introduction that includes thesis statement defining the content of the main part; body that presents argumentation of the problem. This part also includes compilation of other points of view and presentation of  the own theory.  Conclusion is the final part that summarizes the topics in the paragraphs and gives final commentary or recommendations of the writer. Compositional structure of a paragraph normally starts with the topic sentence identifying its main idea. It is  followed with supporting sentences developing the main idea and giving details, facts or examples, and the last sentence (concluding) which refers to the topic at the beginning of the paragraph or links the information with that coming up in the next paragraph. Such paragraph composition allows conveying information in the most effective way. Linking words and phrases (logical connectors) are normally used in the texts of academic essay and are classified on their functional purpose in the text. They realize coherent links between sentences and paragraphs and help students to convey their understanding best.  Academic writing, namely essays, teaches students to analyze and choose useful information for further research, to look at the ideas from a different prospective and to convey concepts and obtained results best to their target readers. An essay can be considered an effective form of different language skills control.     
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Więzienie karno-śledcze w Kłodzku w latach 1945–1953 (1956). Zarys problematyki

80%
Łagojda K.
Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały
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2018
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issue 16
EN
Artykuł przedstawia historię więzienia karno-śledczego w Kłodzku w okresie formowania się i funkcjonowania w Polsce systemu stalinowskiego. W tekście zostały poruszone takie zagadnienia jak uruchomienie więzienia po wojnie, rozpracowywanie sytuacji w zakładzie przez organizację niepodległościową WiN, zagęszczenie placówki na przestrzeni lat 1945–1956, warunki bytowe oraz polityka więzienia wobec śmierci więźniów. Aneks do artykułu stanowi imienny wykaz osób, które zmarły w więzieniu w omawianym okresie lub na których został wykonany wyrok śmierci. Criminal investigation prison at Kłodzko in 1945–1953 (1956). An Outline of IssuesThe author attempts to present the functioning of the criminal and investigation prison at Kłodzko from the moment it was overtaken by the Polish administration until the end of the Stalinist period in Poland. The focus is, among other things, on determining the exact date of the prison’s reopening after the war and its main fields of activity in 1945–1956. The text highlights issues related to the invigilation of the prison by the Freedom and Independence Movement (WiN), the role of agents and denunciations in prison life, the changes in everyday life and living conditions of its inmates. Thus, the article includes statistics on the prison’s population and its changing density. Important findings have been made concerning death and burial. The author presents diverse hypotheses on the place of burial of deceased inmates as well as the process of informing their families. The appendix includes a list of names of all the inmates who died in the prison or were shot in the years 1945–1956.
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