The purpose of this article is to compare the theoretical knowledge with parents' declarations concerning their emotional experiences resulting from the fact of having a child with autism. Main effort was made to indicate factors that affect these experiences, giving them a positive or negative meaning. Understanding the experiences that the parents of children with autism are highly probable to come across is extremely important as it can contribute to designing better supporting system for such families. It can also enhance mothers' and fathers' life satisfaction and increase effectiveness of preventive measures against the burnout phenomenon.
Background: Israel is a land of immigration – a multicultural society with a mosaic of different cultures. There are four maim ethnic groups in Israel: "Sabre" (born in Israel), Arabs, Russian, and Ethiopian. The main aim of this article is to present the connection between two main issues: Culture Diversity and the Attitudes of Israeli parents to children with Learning Disability (LD). This article stems from a deep and extensive dissertation research on parents' attitudes toward their child Learning Disability in Israel and it is an outline of the research study. Family: The resilience and strength of the family depend on the social, cultural and personality of the family in general, and parents in particular. The parents play a crucial role in facilitating and maintaining wellness in children with developmental disorders. Learning Disability: Today, in the modern world, in the information era, when processing information skills are necessary in everyday life, Learning Disability turn into a widespread phenomenon. Learning disability is a general term that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested in the acquisition and operation of attention, speaking, reading, writing, or mathematical abilities. Within the Hebrew students in Israel (years 2013-2014), 10.10% are diagnosed with learning disability. In summary, due to the fact that Israel is an immigration country, it is vital to research the implication of parents' attitudes toward their child Learning Disability for the wellbeing of the family and the society.
This paper is devoted to the issue of mood of parents of children suffering from cerebral palsy in relation to the characteristics of child (mental retardation and formof the disease) and sociodemographic variables (age, gender, abode and level of education) of parents. The results shows that examined mothers feel higher activity, vigor than fathers. The results show also that the mood of the parents is partly depend on their gender, level of education and form of child’s disease. Paper presents also theoretical issues associated with mood of parents and the results of previous studies on that problem.
PL
This paper is devoted to the issue of mood of parents of children suffering from cerebral palsy in relation to the characteristics of child (mental retardation and form of the disease) and sociodemographic variables (age, gender, abode and level of education) of parents. The results shows that examined mothers feel higher activity, vigor than fathers. The results show also that the mood of the parents is partly depend on their gender, level of education and form of child’s disease. Paper presents also theoretical issues associated with mood of parents and the results of previous studies on that problem.
Anna Michniuk, Rodzice a nowomedialne wspomaganie współczesnej polskiej szkoły (raport z badań) [Parents and new media in modern Polish schools]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 249-266. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.15 The article presents some of the conclusions of the research carried out in 2016 among the junior high schools located in lubuskie voiewodship. One of the subjects of the research was the parents of new media support for modern school assess. The text presents parents’ opinions on the new media activity of students, support of new media in the teaching – learning process, building contact between the school and parents and also (auto)promotion of the school. The article also contains a short description of the new media activity of parents of contemporary teenagers and characteristic of the media world in which modern parents were brought up.
This study analysed how educational practices support the emancipatory experiences of parents and students at a Polish school 27 years after the change of the political system. The subject of examination were educational practices experienced in the classroom by two groups of educational society: early childhood pupils and the parents of children of this age. The data were obtained from the records of lessons and parent-teacher meetings at two schools: a small school and a large school. Four areas were identified in educational practice experiences by the examined participants: places, communication, knowledge and activities. Both pupils and parents experience the lack of the possibility of critical and emancipatory behaviour. Educational practices in the studied areas: places, communication, knowledge and activities are controlled solely by the teacher.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of parents of children with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods: The study included 40 parents of children with cerebral palsy treated at the Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation of the Medical University of Bialystok. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used as a research tool; it enables obtaining a quality of life profile in four domains: physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment. The severity of a child's movement disorders was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Results: In the studied group of parents of children with cerebral palsy, more than half described their quality of life as good and was pleased with their health. The largest differences occurred in parents of children with cerebral palsy in the environment domain, p=0.0068, and the psychological domain, p=0.010. Quality of life in all four domains was assessed as lower in parents of children with cerebral palsy compared with parents of healthy children. Only in the evaluation of health care facilities parents of children with cerebral palsy assessed them better than parents of healthy children. Conclusion: Parents of children with cerebral palsy describe their quality of life as good and are satisfied with their health.
Background. The effort involved in caring for a patient suffering from cystic fibrosis lies with its parents/caregiver, becoming the cause of excessive burden. In such a situation, social support is an important strategy for coping with chronic illnesses. Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the level of burden and social support for parents of children with CF and to establish a relationship between them. Material and methods. The study involved 88 parents of patients with cystic fibrosis. The study utilized the standardized Caregiver Burden Scale (CB ) and the Berlin Social Support Scale (BSSS ). Results. The study group experienced an average burden level, which is dependent on the level of education. The highest level of burden was found in two subscales: disappointment and general effort, and the lowest was in the emotional involvement subscale. The level of support in the studied group was high. The largest was observed in the subscale perceived support and received support, and the lowest in the subscale seeking support. Analysis of the regression of the dependent variable of the caregiver’s level of burden showed that the level of burden determines the need for support. It has been observed that as the level of the caregiver’s burden increases, the need for support also increases. In turn, the smaller the caregiver’s burden, the lower the need for support currently received. Conclusions. The caregiver burden on the parent of a children suffering from CF and the received social support are important factors influencing each other in the care of a chronically ill child. This means that the more support received, the lower the sense of burden the caregiver experiences
Recent social, cultural and economic changes affect the lifecycle of both families and individuals, having considerable impact on scientifically defined stages, the time dedicated to them, and developmental tasks they are associated with. One of such stages is the move of an adult child out of the family home, which is more and more often put off at the time being. The phenomenon of delaying the moment of separating yourself from your parents is referred to as nesting. Sociological and demographic studies conducted so far show that living with custodians in spite of becoming mature is getting more and more popular among young adults in Poland. In-depth analyses show that even though financial factors (low income, low purchasing power of adult children and no employment) are a significant determinant of nesting in Poland, such decisions are triggered by other motives as well. Nesting, in spite of being an individual attitude, is always a shared experience and the outcome of forces and vectors with the family ecosystem. Nesters are not the only actors of the crowded nest arrangement. Custodians and sometimes also sibling play a significant role there too. This leads to another conclusion, i.e. that nesters are not the only beneficiaries of nesting, while parents are not the only ones who bear the consequences of this co-residency.
There are no studies based on a comparative analysis of the responses of parents, their children and teachers of physical culture. The locality of complete and accurate information makes the right choice of the means and forms of physical education of pupils rather complicated. Aim of research − to identify the forms of physical education, which are popular among students and are appropriate according to the opinion of parents and physical culture teachers. Over 150 works of native scientists have been processed. A questionnaire of 182 physical culture teachers from 102 secondary schools in the Ukraine; 1017 pupils of middle school age and their parents has been conducted. We have used nonparametric methods. The forms of sports-oriented physical education are significantly ahead of short physical exercising and motile breaks by popularity. In the rating of parents, short physical exercise leads, and the results in this group are only slightly inferior to advocating sports sections. Teachers of physical culture also pay great attention to sports sections, sports competitions and short physical exercise. The results for pupils of the special medical group are definitely more interesting than for other children. The decline of interest in "aging" pupils is observed within all forms of physical education, but the highest reduction of interest is in the attitude of pupils to "little" forms. Sports sections, sports competitions, short physical exercise and motile breaks are the favorites among middle school age pupils. Although participation in sports competitions and advocating sports sections are more preferred by boys than girls.
The article presents the results of research focused on temperament of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The aim of the research was to estimate the way parents and teachers assess individual components of temperament of children with ADHD. Studies were also conducted in order to answer the question in what kind of environment (school or family) the temperamental incompatibility that leads to disturbances in the functioning of children with ADHD appears. The study was based on the concept of behavioural genetics by Arnold Buss and Robert Plomin. The authors of this concept have identified three basic features of temperament: emotionality, activity and sociability. In our research, we used the EAS Questionnaire created by Buss and Plomin. The research was carried out in a group composed of 30 children aged from 6 to 14. Studies have shown that teachers and parents evaluate children with ADHD in a different manner. Referring individual elements to criterial features of ADHD, particular attention was paid to activity and emotionality. Both features are demonstrated to a greater degree at school than in a family environment. It is worth emphasizing that activity, as well as emotionality, are genetically determined. This implies that ADHD is a problem that concerns not only the early years of life.
Parents who are to confront a disabled child expect that they will be provided with a wide range of specialists such as doctors and therapists and that they will be given a lot of support coming from the environment since it determines their role in supporting their child’s therapeutic and educational process. In the hereby article the author presents her own research results picturing the views of the parents of a child with special needs concerning social support they receive while making first decisions, organising therapeutic help and searching for their role in the rehabilitation process of their disabled child. The author emphasises that parents should have constant access to important information, unfortunately its lack has become a matter of complaint among parents. The text points out the importance of the relationship between a parent and a therapist, which has a major influence on the quality and success of the disabled child therapy.
The article is a memory of Anna Radziwiłł. Apart from the descriptions of personal encounters with Anna Radziwiłł and common pedagogical and political work, including independent education movement, it also presents an analysis of her publications and works written together with the author of the text.
Introduction: Problems of families with autism are generally not visible or manifested, but without support, they become economically and educationally inefficient. Purpose: To assess the degree of empathic understanding of the child and the degree of emotional control by parents. Materials and methods: The study included 30 families from Poland, 25 from Belarus and 28 from France. We used Empathy Understanding Others questionnaire (KRE) and The Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). Results: The most common difficulty reported in the care of a child was gaining his/her independence (66.7% in Poland, 84% in Belarus, 78.6% in France). Parents from Poland more often (26.7%) than others (12% in Belarus, 3.6% in France) pointed out that the disability of a child caused that their friends turned their back to them. 40% of parents from Poland, 60% from Belarus and 57.1% from France claimed that the spouses accept the disability of the child. The disability induced in parents mainly fatigue (76.7% from Poland, 44% from Belarus, 71.4% from France). The level of empathy in Polish (64.2 ± 6.2) and French parents (64.8 ± 11.6) was almost identical, and the highest was among Belarusian parents (70.3 ± 8.3). Overall rate of CECS of the surveyed parents was at the average level (from Poland 47.4 ± 4.9; from Belarus 44.8 ± 6.1, from France 48.1 ± 6.0). Conclusions: Nurses evaluated their own preparation for educational activities usually very low. In the majority they would not want to take up the difficult role of educators of parents of autistic children. Due to a potential contact of a nurse with a child with autism and the child’s family, it is advisable to extend the knowledge of nurses in the care of a child with autism.
Purpose: To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 83 families with children with ASD, including 30 families from Poland, 25 from Belarus, and 28 from France. Parental HRQL was surveyed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL–BREF) and KINDLR questionnaires. Results: This study showed that Polish parents reported the lowest quality of life according to the WHOQOL–BREF. Parents from Belarus reported slightly worse HRQL than parents from France, though other aspects of quality of life (e.g, social sphere, somatic sphere) did not differ significantly between these parents. Parents from Poland also reported lower HQOL according to the KINDLR questionnaire, while parents from Belarus had a higher HQRL in the mental, physical, and self-esteem domains compared to parents from Poland and France. Conclusion: Parents from Poland with children with ASD reported lower HRQL both on the WHOQOL–BREF and KINDL R questionnaires compared to parents from Belarus and France.
Introduction: In the literature on the problem of social support, besides family sources of support, (husband, wife, children, parents, siblings, relatives), a role of friends, acquaintances and neighbors is emphasized. Purpose: To assess types and level of support that parents receive from specific social groups. Materials and methods: The study included 108 mothers and 108 fathers of intellectually disabled children. We used the original questionnaire and the standardized scale of Social Support by KmiecikBaran. Results: There were differences between the parents in emotional support (standard deviation 3.519), the lowest in informative support (deviation 2.744). General support was poor in the opinion of 34.6% of the parents. Average institutional support related to 42.9% of the parents, strong evaluative support – 37.1% and strong emotional support – 41%. The parents received the strongest informative, institutional, evaluative and emotional support from nurses and physicians. Spouses of the examined gave them poor informative, emotional and institutional support and average evaluative support. Statistically, the fathers received significantly stronger evaluative and emotional support – by more than one point, and by more than 3 points in case of general support than mothers. Conclusions: The parents received average social support, however, it was below the average for the Polish adult population. The spouses gave them poor informative, emotional and institutional support and average evaluative support; teachers, physicians and nurses – average support in all categories, however, in case of the two latter – institutional and evaluative support was close to the above-average values. The fathers enjoyed moderately stronger evaluative, emotional and general support from teachers, physicians and nurses than mothers.
Introduction: Stress experienced by parents of a disabled child can have a negative impact on family relationships. Purpose: Assessment of parents coping with critical situations. Materials and methods: We analyzed 83 families, including 30 families from Poland, 25 families from Belarus and 28 families from France and we used Coping Inventory for Stress Situations (CISS) and The General Self- Efficacy Scale (GSES). Results: After hearing the diagnosis most often parents felt shock (63.3% from Poland, 68% from Belarus and France 85.7%). Main parents' emotions induced by the disability was fatigue (76.7% from Poland, 44% from Belarus and 71.4% from France - p=0.028) and sadness (73.3% from Poland, 40% from Belarus and 28.6% from France - p=0.002). Most often in response to the annoying and stressful child’s behaviour parents tried to admonish (76.7% from Poland, 56% from Belarus and 75% from France) or shout at the child (66.7% from Poland, 24% from Belarus and 17.9% from France p <0.001). The least likely preferred style of coping with stress in all countries was the search for socializing. The highest rate of self-efficiency characterize parents from France, the lowest from Poland. Conclusions: The existence of factors which could significantly affect the level of burn-out syndrome in parents, such as the deterioration of the financial situation (mainly in Belarusian families), sadness, fatigue, insomnia (mainly in Polish families). Parents chose effective strategies of coping, and the predominant style was focused on the task. It has been shown that parents lack the ability to control negative emotions, which in particular affected Polish families (for example, domination of trials to admonish and explain, shouting at the child).
The article presents the results of research focused on temperament of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The aim of the research was to estimate the way parents and teachers assess individual components of temperament of children with ADHD. Studies were also conducted in order to answer the question in what kind of environment (school or family) the temperamental incompatibility that leads to disturbances in the functioning of children with ADHD appears. The study was based on the concept of behavioural genetics by Arnold Buss and Robert Plomin. The authors of this concept have identified three basic features of temperament: emotionality, activity and sociability. In our research, we used the EAS Questionnaire created by Buss and Plomin. The research was carried out in a group composed of 30 children aged from 6 to 14. Studies have shown that teachers and parents evaluate children with ADHD in a different manner. Referring individual elements to criterial features of ADHD, particular attention was paid to activity and emotionality. Both features are demonstrated to a greater degree at school than in a family environment. It is worth emphasizing that activity, as well as emotionality, are genetically determined. This implies that ADHD is a problem that concerns not only the early years of life.
In a family all kinds of conflicts and problems occur that affect both the parents and their children. The conflicts which are especially painful are those related to the inability of parents to deal with their own emotions and feelings. In this article, after clarifying the main concepts, the author first discusses the typical features of parental emotions and feelings (creativity, proximity, intensity) in order to identify the reasons for “emotional defeats” (the inability to express emotions, the inability to recognize emotions, emotional liability, “getting stuck” in some emotion, harmful suppression of emotions, masking of one’s feelings, stress, fatigue, addiction). Secondly, the author describes their effects (codependency, emotional distance, weakening of emotional ties, superficiality, impaired communication, “internal emigration”, family identity crisis). At the end, he discusses toxic tactics in dealing with these defeats (suppression; avoidance; pretending they do not exist; transfer of emotions on others; resignation in coping with emotions). Consequentially, these tactics lead them to formulate remedies. A discussion of these solutions concludes the article.
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