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EN
The purpose of this opinion is to explain two legal issues relating to rules of concluding such contracts and control their execution by the National Health Fund. The author claims that the National Health Fund can shape content of contest notice and intention of obligations relationship to provide more than minimum required by the law number of employees in institution, where such health services are supplied. In the author’s view, control of the execution of contracts for performance of basic health services, carried out at night or during the holidays is allowed in any time without prior notice to the performer.
EN
Although the constitutional right to health care itself has not been subject to legislative changes, the emergence of some other legal regulations and their impact on the current state of the healthcare system justifies additional examination. The authors of the article indicate, among others, areas where the most significant changes to the Polish healthcare system took place in the recent years, and wherever possible, they also assess the current situation. The analysis of the current legal basis of the right to health protection focuses particularly on such important values as: equality in access to health and solidarity, human dignity and patient rights, and professional ethics of person providing benefits.
EN
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has changed how almost every sphere of our lives functions. Its greatest impact can be seen in the functioning of the health care sector, whose task was not only to care for the sick or people suspected of infection, but also to take all measures to prevent the spread of infections. The imposition of a state of epidemic threat in Poland, and then the state of epidemic, provided a basis for imposing a number of restrictions that had a significant impact on the realisation of patients’ fundamental rights. The purpose of the considerations is to present and analyse the limitations of selected patient rights during the SARSCoV-2 pandemic. This article first presents issues related to patient rights in genere, emphasizing their importance for the proper functioning of the health care system in the country. Next, the limitations of selected patient rights, which unquestionably occurred in the era of COVID-19, are presented. It is shown that the rights indicated were not only limited, and sometimes even excluded. The article also presents an analysis of the annual reports of the Patients’ Rights Ombudsman, which in their content confirms the great increase in the number of violations of patient rights in the period of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Consequently, this resulted in a far-reaching negative impact on the perception of the health care system in our country.
PL
Pursuant to Article 68(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, a pregnant woman is entitled to special care from the State. Therefore, it seems extremely important to indicate uniform, universally binding standards in order to improve the quality of services provided and to respect the fundamental rights due to women and their children in maternity care. Unfortunately, as the analysis and reports concerning the observance of patients’ rights during the perinatal period show, the current standards are not always properly implemented by medical institutions, and the legal guarantees of observance of perinatal care standards are not sufficient. The aim of the article is to discuss the legal regulations in force in the field of perinatal care, to indicate their subject and subject scope and to conduct a legal analysis of the proposal of new organisational standards of perinatal care, which are to enter into force as of 1 January 2019. The basis for the discussion is the presentation of the legal form of the existing standards of perinatal care. It is extremely important to answer the question whether the principles of medical knowledge should be enacted in the form of standards of medical procedure in the form of universally binding normative act, or whether they should constitute guidelines and recommendations that are legally non-binding. Perinatal care standards in the context of the duty of doctors and medical staff to apply current medical knowledge and to act with due diligence deserves additional attention. The article contains a detailed analysis of the proposal of new standards and presents de lege ferenda postulates, especially in the field of legal guarantees of observance of perinatal care standards in Poland.
Prawo
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2016
|
issue 320
177-188
EN
A doctor has a fundamental duty to provide health services, which also includes treatment of a patient. This obligation is not absolute. First the statutory (Art. 38 of the Act of 5 December 1996 on the medical and dental professions) and deontology regulations (Art. 7 of the Medical Code of Ethics) related to this topic should be explained, because it is necessary for further consideration. According to the above-mentioned provision a doctor has a right to refuse treatment of a patient. The aim of this paper is to analyze the issue of a doctor’s right to refuse treatment for reasons attributable to the patient and related to the patient’s conduct. In this context it should be highlighted that a doctor can exercise the above right under certain circumstances. The most essential is the significant restriction to make use of a right to refuse treatment. All strictly formulated terms require cumulative fulfilment. This special regulation ensures in an appropriate way respect for the rights and interests of patients. To sum up, a legitimate reason to exercise a doctor’s right to refuse treatment is also the patient’s behavior, such as aggressive conduct, multiple non-compliance with the doctor’s order or negating the competence of the doctor. This thesis finds support both in statutory and deontology regulations.
EN
Health undoubtedly belongs of the fundamental existential values for human. Current legal regu­lations state that everyone is entitled to health care. Health care is agovernment task, executed especially by local government units. An individual has the right to claim medical services related to the protection of life and health from the public health service. For their practical implementation, government establishes a system of entities obliged to take action in this field. Unfortunately, the actions taken do not create a unified system in which the patient and his health are the most important value.
Prawo
|
2017
|
issue 323
161-171
EN
This article is about the medical documentation. For a long time medical care was rid of written form. Doctors treated their patient, but all doctor’s orders were verbally interacted. Medical docu­mentation appeared later. For the present there isn’t legal definition of medical documentation. An­alysis of this turn of phrase lead to ascertainment that medical documentation include all of medical information about treatment, medicaments, referrals. Medical documentation needs to be readable, contain accurate information, all entries should be in chronological order. It should have not only written form, but also an electronic form. Under the law, from the 1st of January, 2018 only an elec­tronic form will be permissible. There are many people and public entities who are eligible to insight into medical documentation. The most important is patient. He can also entitle somebody to have insight into it. Empowerment is valid even if the patient dies.
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Diametros
|
2016
|
issue 47
19-34
EN
The paper presents an argument for respecting conscientious refusals based on the Thomistic account of conscience; the argument does not employ the notion of right. The main idea is that acting against one’s conscience necessarily makes the action objectively wrong and performed in bad faith, and expecting someone to act against his or her conscience is incompatible with requiring him or her to act in good faith. In light of this idea I also examine the issue of obligations imposed on objectors as well as the claims that conscientious objectors should change their profession.
EN
In Polish medical law, the conscience clause is understood as both a moral and legal norm which gives consent to selected medical professions (doctors, nurses, midwives, and laboratory technicians) to withdraw certain activities due to ethical objections. The explanation given for the conscience clause is not sufficient. There is no detailed information on the difference between compulsory and authorized benefits and the conditions for resignation from medical treatment. These problems not only lead to interpretational errors, but also to the abuse of law. Medical attorneys, among others, Andrzej Zoll, Mirosław Nesterowicz, Leszek Bosek and Eleonora Zielińska, present different opinions on the understanding of refusal to perform health care services by health care workers, and the lack of agreement leads to conflicts. In this article, I compare the views of ethicists and lawyers on the conscience clause. I present differences in the interpretation of medical law, and to all considerations I add my own opinion.
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EN
In the article the evolution of principles of access to medical records after a patient’s death is discussed and current regulations thereon are evaluated. In life, the right to access to medical records in vested in: a patient, his/her statutory representative and a person authorized by the patient. After a patient’s death the right of access to medical records is vested in, i.a., the patient’s relatives, whose catalog had been specified by the lawmaker, unless in life the patient expressed his/her objection to disclosure of medical records. A patient’s objection is not definite, as a court may allow close persons’ access to a patient’s records despite the patient’s express objection. In the article the following are analyzed: a catalog of close persons, principles of expressing objection against disclosing patient’s medical records after his/her death, prerequisites for a conceivable revoke of a patient’s objection and manners of settling disputes between a patient’s close persons.
EN
The article discusses the formation of the health care system in Poland based on the assumption that every patient has a right to health protection, and the determinant factors of this process. The analysed period starts at the end of World War II in 1945 and finishes with the adoption of the Constitution of 22 July 1952. In 1945 the health care in Poland was based on the legal and organizational solutions developed in the Second Polish Republic. Soon it started to be modified, which eventually led to its nationalization. The years 1945–1952 were a “transitional period” in the Polish legislation and organization of health care. In the first post-war years, the functioning of the health care system in Poland was based on the Act of 28 March 1933 on social insurance and of 15 June 1939 on public health care. However, they did not ultimately become the basis for structural solutions introduced in Poland in the early 1950s. At that time, the so-called multisectoral system in health care was abandoned and almost all of its aspects were taken over by state institutions. The aim of the article is to present the determinant factors which governed the evolution of Polish medical law in post-war Poland and to analyse the legal regulations introduced from 1945 to 1952. In their analyses the authors used the dogmatic-legal method (an analysis of legal texts – the basic method) and the historical-legal method (an outline of the right to health protection and its evolution in the studied period). The article ends with final conclusions.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problem kształtowania się w Polsce systemu opieki medycznej opartego na uznaniu powszechnego prawa pacjentów do ochrony zdrowia oraz uwarunkowań tego procesu. Cezurą początkową jest zakończenie II wojny światowej w 1945 r., końcową uchwalenie Konstytucji z 22 lipca 1952 r. W 1945 r. obowiązywał w Polsce w opiece medycznej stan prawny i oparte na nim rozwiązania organizacyjne wypracowane w II RP. Z czasem stan ten podlegać zaczął modyfikacjom, które ostatecznie doprowadziły do jego etatyzacji. Między 1945 a 1952 r. występował w polskim ustawodawstwie i organizacji opieki medycznej „okres przejściowy”. W pierwszych latach powojennych podstawą funkcjonowania systemu opieki medycznej w Polsce były ustawy z dnia 28 marca 1933 r. o ubezpieczeniu społecznym oraz z dnia 15 czerwca 1939 r. o publicznej służbie zdrowia. To nie one jednak stały się ostatecznie podstawą rozwiązań systemowych, wprowadzonych w Polsce w początku lat 50. XX w. Zrezygnowano wówczas z tzw. wielosektorowości w opiece zdrowotnej i niemal wszystkie aspekty tej opieki zostały przejęte przez instytucje państwowe. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie uwarunkowań takiego kierunku ewolucji polskiego prawa medycznego w powojennej Polsce i analiza wprowadzanych od 1945 do 1952 r. regulacji prawnych. Autorzy w przeprowadzonej analizie oparli się na metodzie dogmatycznoprawnej (analiza tekstów prawnych – metoda podstawowa) oraz historycznoprawnej (przedstawienie prawa do ochrony zdrowia i jego ewolucji w badanym okresie). Całość zamykają wnioski końcowe.
EN
This article is devoted to the analysis of the relation between the institution of the ability to civil actions established by the provisions of the Civil Code and the patient’s consent provided by the Patient Rights and Patient Rights Act, as well as the Act on Doctor and Dentist Professions. The work aim is to make a detailed assessment of the status of a patient equipped with full legal capacity, deprived of this ability and having restricted legal capacity, to present discrepancies between the norms regulating the subjective conditions for effective legal actions under civil law and the provisions that determine the rules for granting consent for medical treatment.
EN
Paper expounds upon the problem of patient rights, taking particular account of the right to information: on one’s state of health, examination, diagnosis, proposed and practicable diagnostic methods, proposed and practicable medical methods, prognosis. The authors also pinpoint that, in a broader context, free legal aid centres operating under the 2015 Act might face up to issues pertaining to patient rights. An answer is also sought to the question of how the realization of the right to information could be enhanced, and the authors furnish recommendations on the matter.
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EN
The article presents the relationship between the performance of professional tasks by a medical rescue worker and the patient's right to medical confidential documentation. The objective of the article is to educate people on performing the profession of medical rescue workers as well as the presentation of their duties indicated by Polish law. Research methods used: document analysis, individual case analysis, observation and interview. It was shown a multitude of situations in which a medical rescue worker can acquire confidential information about a patient. Events which exclude the obligation of confidentiality have been listed and described. Situations, in which it is not necessary to preserve the secrets of information, were listed. Moreover, the author listed situations in which a third-party is informed by a medical rescue worker about the patient's state of health without his knowledge, as well as with his knowledge and the conditions of such behaviour were explained. The author underlined that there are many regulations on the confidentiality, which concern the medical rescue worker profession, but they are included in various legal acts or they are not complete. It was found that a medical rescue worker is absolutely obliged to keep confide
Family Forum
|
2017
|
issue 7
183-201
EN
At the end of June 2015 the Treatment of Infertility Act was adopted in Poland. This legislation mostly refers to the problem of the use of assisted reproduction techniques (in vitro). Adoption of the law was considered by some experts to be a special moment. Finally, in Poland, the functioning of IVF clinics was regulated. The adoption of the Treatment of Infertility Act also met with criticism. Although the introduction of regulations concerning the functioning of clinics was considered as a positive action, however, it was also emphasized that legalization of these procedures would lead to the emergence of numerous problems. In Poland, in vitro – in recent years – has been implemented not only through the Act but also through the health scheme adopted by the minister of health and health schemes adopted by the councils of different cities (Częstochowa and Łódź). This paper attempts to analyse these documents. This analysis will refer to two key phenomena: a gap and a paradox. The aim of the presented reflections is primarily to show how the adoption of these rules can complicate the biological reality. The presented discussion and analysis will refer mostly to the Polish legislative reality.
PL
Pod koniec czerwca 2015 r. uchwalona została w Polsce ustawa o leczeniu niepłodności. Wspomniany akt prawny w większości odnosi się do problemu stosowania technik wspomaganego rozrodu. Uchwalenie ustawy uznane zostało przez część ekspertów za szczególny moment. Ostatecznie bowiem w Polsce uregulowane zostały zagadnienia dotyczące funkcjonowania klinik stosujących in vitro. Przyjęcie ustawy o leczeniu niepłodności spotkało się również z krytyką. Choć wprowadzenie przepisów dotyczących działania klinik uznane zostało za działanie pozytywne, to jednak jednocześnie podkreślono, iż zalegalizowanie omawianych procedur prowadzić będzie do pojawienia się licznych problemów. W Polsce in vitro – w ciągu ostatnich lat – wprowadzane było za pomocą nie tylko ustawy, ale także: programu zdrowotnego wydanego przez ministra zdrowia oraz programu zdrowotnego uchwalonego przez rady poszczególnych miast (Częstochowy i Łodzi). W prezentowanej pracy podjęta zostanie próba analizy wspomnianych dokumentów. Analiza ta odnosić się będzie do dwóch kluczowych zjawisk: luki oraz paradoksu. Celem prezentowanych rozważań jest przede wszystkim ukazanie w sposób dokładny, w jaki sposób uchwalone przepisy prowadzić mogą do komplikacji rzeczywistości biologicznej. Prezentowane rozważania oraz analizy odnosić się będą w większości do polskiej rzeczywistości legislacyjnej.
PL
Streszczenie Prawa pacjenta to zagadnienie szeroko komentowane na łamach prasy medycznej, jak i prawniczej. Podejmowane są próby analizy kwestii dotyczących zgody pacjenta, prawa do uzyskania informacji o wykonywanych zabiegach medycznych i stanie zdrowia czy uprawnień personelu medycznego do podejmowania decyzji dotyczących osoby pacjenta i związanych z nim zabiegów czy leczenia. Wynika z tego wzrost wagi znaczenia informacji, która we współczesnym świecie stała się jedną z najważniejszych wartości. Dostęp do informacji, szczególnie o sobie samym, oznacza pewną świadomość społeczną I prawną. Ograniczenia związane z dostępem do informacji powodują pozbawienie prawa do samodecydowania o sobie, a zarazem możliwości zaspokajania jednej z potrzeb człowieka, szczególnie ważnej we współczesnym świecie. Obecnie nie można uniknąć przetwarzania danych jakiejkolwiek osoby – jest to niezbędne dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania społeczeństwa, ale przede wszystkim jest z korzyścią dla każdego z osobna. Świadczy to bowiem obecności jednostki w życiu społecznym, ekonomicznym lub politycznym. Od ponad roku placówki udzielające świadczeń medycznych mają obowiązek wdrażać szereg regulacji zawartych w Rozporządzeniu Parlamentu i Rady 2016/679 z dnia 27 kwietnia 2016 r. w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku 100 z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepływu takich danych oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 95/46/WE. Dane osobowe dotyczące zdrowia zdefiniowane zostały już w preambule tego aktu. Rozporządzenie nie wskazuje środków organizacyjnych ani technicznych, jakie administrator danych powinien stosować dla zapewnienia ochrony danych. Środki te powinny być odpowiednie do zakresu i celu oraz ryzyka naruszeń przetwarzanych danych. Dane wrażliwe zaliczają się do kategorii danych, których przetwarzanie wiąże się z przyjęciem środków wzmożonego bezpieczeństwa. Zadaniem administratora danych jest wprowadzenie odpowiednich gwarancji, zapewniających wdrożenie odpowiednich środków technicznych i organizacyjnych tak, aby przetwarzanie danych spełniało wymogi zawarte w RODO oraz chroniło prawa osób, których dane dotyczą. Ich zadaniem jest także dostosowanie swoich formularzy, komunikatów, e-maili czy też innych zapytań tak, aby były one jasne, zrozumiałe i czytelne dla przeciętnego odbiorcy. Istotą jest bowiem jakość przekazywanych w zapytaniu informacji, a nie ich liczba. Unijny prawodawca wprowadził wiele nowych rozwiązań w celu wyznaczenia wzorów postępowania oraz interpretacji, które są nowością w stosunku do poprzednich regulacji. W związku z rozpoczęciem stosowania RODO wykształciły się nowe sposoby postępowania mające na celu realizację uprawnień osób, których dane są przetwarzane. Nie jest jednak lekceważony dotychczasowy dorobek literatury i orzecznictwa, a także doświadczenia związane ze stosowaniem przepisów zapewniających pełnię uprawnień osobie, której dane dotyczą. Coraz częstsza analiza skutków wynikających z naruszenia prawa do ochrony danych medycznych oraz kwestii wyrażenia i cofnięcia zgody na przetwarzanie danych być może spowoduje zwiększenie znaczenia tego prawa wśród społeczeństwa, a co za tym idzie zapewni pełną ochronę prywatności i autonomii informacyjnej pacjenta.
EN
Patients’ rights are widely commented issue in the medical and legal press. Attempts are being made to analyse issues relating to patient consent, the right to information about the medical procedures performed and the state of health, or the authority of medical personnel to make decisions about the patient’s person and the related procedures or treatments. This results in an increase in the importance of information, which has become one of the most important values in today’s world. Access to information, especially about oneself, means a certain social and legal awareness. Restrictions on access to information deprive people of the right to self-determination and, at the same time, the right to satisfy one of their needs, which is particularly important in today's world. Nowadays, it is unavoidable to process the data of any person, which is essential for the proper functioning of society, but above all for the benefit of each individual. This testifies that an individual is present in social, economic or political life. For over a year now, institutions providing medical services have been obliged to implement a number of regulations contained in the Regulation of the Parliament and Council 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and repealing Directive 95/46/EC. Personal data relating to health are defined in the preamble of the Act. This Regulation does not indicate the organisational or technical measures to be taken by the data administrator to ensure data protection. These measures should be appropriate to the scope, purpose and risks of the data being processed. Sensitive data shall fall within the category of data for which processing involves the adoption of enhanced security measures. The task of the 99 data administrator is to introduce appropriate guarantees to ensure the implementation of appropriate technical and organizational measures so that the data processing meets the requirements of the GDPR and protects the rights of data subjects. Their task is also to adapt their forms, statements, e-mails or other queries so that they are clear, understandable and readable for the average recipient. For it is the quality that is the essence of information provided in the inquiry, not its number. The EU legislator has introduced several new developments to identify patterns of conduct and interpretations that are new concerning previous regulations. With the introduction of the GDPR, new procedures have been developed in order to exercise the rights of data subjects. However, the existing acquis of literature and judicature, as well as experience in the application of provisions ensuring the full entitlement of the data subjects, is not underestimated. More and more frequent analysis of the consequences of breaching the right to the protection of medical data and of the issue of giving and withdrawing consent to the processing of data may increase the importance of this right for society and thus ensure full protection of privacy and the information autonomy of the patient.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the court practice in adjudicating on the authorization to provide health services to an adult patient. In the first part, interpretation problems regarding the legal regulations of this consent, reported in the doctrine of medical law, were signaled. In the second part, these problems are juxtaposed with the results of an empirical (file) study covering court proceedings for authorization to provide health services. In conclusion, detailed comments on judicial practice were formulated, including, inter alia, specifying the circle of participants in the proceedings, the manner of taking evidence and formulating the operative part of the judgment, and the desirability of maintaining the current model of the discussed court proceedings was questioned. It seems that in many cases it would be more functional for doctors themselves to make decisions on medical consent.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu analizę praktyki sądowej w zakresie orzekania o zezwoleniu na udzielenie świadczenia zdrowotnego dorosłemu pacjentowi. W pierwszej części zasygnalizowane zostały problemy interpretacyjne dotyczące prawnych unormowań tej zgody, zgłaszane w doktrynie prawa medycznego. Problemy te zestawiono w drugiej części z wynikami badania empirycznego (aktowego) obejmującego postępowania sądowe o zezwolenie na udzielenie świadczenia zdrowotnego. W konkluzji sformułowano uwagi szczegółowe dotyczące praktyki sądowej, obejmujące m.in. określenie kręgu uczestników postępowania, sposób prowadzenia postępowania dowodowego i formułowania sentencji orzeczenia, oraz podano w wątpliwość celowość utrzymania obowiązującego modelu omawianych postępowań sądowych. Jak się wydaje, w wielu przypadkach bardziej funkcjonalne byłoby podejmowanie decyzji w przedmiocie zgody medycznej przez samych lekarzy.
EN
The article is devoted to the issue of electronic medical records as a progressive instrument of implementation the patient’s right to information. Reason for such analysis is an obligation of archiving medical records only in electronic form (in force since 1 January 2018) as well as possibility to share documentation in the Polish Medical Information System (planned from 1 August 2017). Therefore there is a fundamental change in the form in which the patient will obtain access to the records and perform his information rights. In following considerations, the author will peform evaluation of expected law modifications, starting with explanation of the term „electronic medical records” and marking the historical background of development in this range. In the further part, will be presented the advantages of processing electronic.
EN
The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive legal analysis of the patient’s consent to carry out a medical procedure in the light of national case-law and doctrinal views, including the issue of the act of will of minors. The concept of informed consent of the beneficiary has become a determinant of the scope of medical or nursing intervention, constituting both its legality and the overall relationship of the patient with the medical staff. The synthetic interpretation of the issue also draws attention to the dilemma of the collision of values between the doctor’s action in the defense of the patient’s life and health without obtaining consent to the confluence, and the issue of violation of the test’s right to preservation of inviolability. In light of this, the authors clarify the premises of legal liability of medical staff under Article 192 of the Criminal Code.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu przeprowadzenie kompleksowej analizy prawnej pojęcia zgody badanego na przeprowadzenie zabiegu medycznego w świetle orzecznictwa krajowego i poglądów doktryny, włączając w to problematykę wyrażenia aktu woli osób małoletnich. Koncepcja świadomej zgody świadczeniobiorcy funkcjonuje obecnie jako wyznacznik zakresu lekarskiej bądź pielęgniarskiej ingerencji, decydującej tak o jej legalności, jak i całokształcie relacji pacjenta z personelem medycznym. Syntetyczna wykładnia zagadnienia zwraca uwagę także na dylemat kolizji wartości pomiędzy działaniem lekarza w obronie życia i zdrowia pacjenta bez uzyskania przezeń zgody na zabieg a kwestią pogwałcenia prawa badanego do zachowania nietykalności. W świetle tego autorzy klarują przesłanki odpowiedzialności prawnej personelu medycznego na mocy art. 192 k.k.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest przedstawienie prawa pacjenta do opieki duszpasterskiej w perspektywie problematyki położenia prawnego wspólnoty religijnej, której wyznawcą lub członkiem pozostaje pacjent. Analiza uwzględnia zasadę równouprawnienia kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych w prawie polskim (art. 25 ust. 1 Konstytucji RP). Autor przedstawia gwarancje prawa pacjenta do opieki duszpasterskiej oraz status prawny kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych w zakresie prawa do prowadzenia duszpasterstwa specjalnego pacjentów w podmiotach leczniczych. Ustalenia teoretycznoprawne zostały skonfrontowane z praktyką funkcjonowania podmiotów leczniczych, poprzez wskazanie informacji dotyczących realizacji prawa pacjenta do opieki duszpasterskiej w wybranych placówkach leczniczych w Polsce. Rozważania prowadzą do sformułowania praktycznych wniosków.
EN
The objective of this article is to present the patient’s right to pastoral care, with reference to the legal status of a given religious group. The analysis is conducted pursuant to the principle of equal rights of churches and other religious organisations (Art. 25.1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 2nd 1997). The author presents legal guarantees of the patient’s right to pastoral care, and discusses the right of churches and other religious organisations to provide patients with pastoral care during hospitalisation. The theoretical findings were compared with the practice of medical entities in Poland in terms of application of the right to pastoral care. The final section of the article provides some practical proposals.
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