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Entre a submissão e a rebeldia – o retrato da mulher moçambicana em “Balada de amor ao Vento” de Paulina Chiziane

100%
Díaz-Szmidt R.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2013
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vol. 40
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issue 1
15-28
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the psychological stance of Sarnau, the main character of the novel "Ballad of Love in The Wind" of the Mozambican writer Paulina Chiziane. The writer describes the Mozambique of today, which is divided into tradition and modern life, ancestral and native way of life. The analysis of the novel shows that Paulina Chiziane breaks the stereotyped image of the woman by representing her as a being aware of her inferior social situation and as a being who intends to oppose the sexist and patriarchal society. Sarnau must face up to the cultural clash resulting from the encounter between the Western and African cultures. She lives in a polygamous family and has to find her place within this family and within the society. Chiziane’s protagonist tries to change her situation in order to find her identity as a women, mother and African wife.
2
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Ženská obřízka v soudobé společnosti

92%
Jaroslava H.
Littera Scripta
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2008
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vol. 2
95-108
EN
Female Genital Mutilation (also known as female genital cutting or female circumcision) refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia (clitorodotomy, reduction, infibulation – pharaonic circumcision). The practice exists despite of modernizing, public education and legislative procuration. About 100 million girls and women in the world are estimated to have undergone such procedures approximately in 40 countries, especially in Africa. Most resources say that female genital cutting is primarily a cultural practice, no religious matter. The practice is a global problem too. Migrants and immigrants produce their tradition into final destination to retaine their cultural identity. Female genital cutting is an institutionalised manifestation of force commited on women.
3
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Gender (in)equality in Japan

58%
Ksieniewicz M.
Res Rhetorica
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2016
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vol. 3
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issue 2
52-58
EN
This essay opens with the rhetorical analysis of the article which appeared in April 2016 in the Japan Times entitled “An Open Letter to the Japanese Womanhood. Advice on How to Take the Best Parts of the Stereotypes without Becoming One Yourself” in the context of gender inequality in Japan. Japan is one of the three largest economies in the world and a member of G7 group, yet the level of discrimination of women in Japan is without equal in the developed world. Widely criticized by international institutions such as the United Nations or the World Economic Forum, Japan fi nally introduced a new government policy in order to balance the status of women with men. The article examines the recent changes and argues that it is difficult to introduce them because of the gender biased rhetoric and a long history of patriarchal patterns in the society.
PL
Artykuł na wstępie analizuje strategie retoryczne zawarte w „Liście Otwartym do Japońskich Kobiet”, który ukazał się w gazecie Japan Times w kwietniu 2016 roku, a który dotyczył kwestii nierówności płci w Japonii. Japonia jest jedną z trzech największych gospodarek świata i członkiem grupy G7, ale poziom dyskryminacji kobiet w tym kraju jest wyjątkowo wysoki jak na kraj rozwinięty. W obliczu krytyki ze strony instytucji międzynarodowych, takich jak ONZ czy World Economic Forum, rząd Japonii wprowadził niedawno nowy kurs polityki w celu wyrównania statusu kobiet z mężczyznami. Esej analizuje ostatnie zmiany i twierdzi, że trudno jest rozwiązywać problemy dotyczące dyskryminacji z powodu tendencyjnej retoryki odnoszącej się do płci i długiej historii patriarchalnych wzorców w japońskim społeczeństwie.
4
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Surrogacy; A regression to a patriarchal society free of social policies?

47%
Panero Oria P.
Journal of Modern Science
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2019
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issue 1(40)
115-124
ES
En contra de lo que se pueda creer, y a pesar de las nuevas técnicas de reproducción humana, la gestación por sustitución no es una práctica exclusiva del siglo XXI y ya el Derecho Romano nos suministra una serie de fuentes sobre el uso de esa práctica entre la aristocracia romana. En este trabajo se traen a colación algunos de esos ejemplos, mostrando además cual era la razón de que se realizara esta práctica, en una sociedad patriarcal, que utilizaba a la mujer con fines reproductivos en interés no sólo de la familia, sino de la propia sociedad. Esto hace que nos preguntemos si, hoy dia, el uso de esta práctica también responde a unos intereses sociales, en los que la mujer, es objeto de mercantilización.
EN
Contrary to what can be believed, and despite the new techniques of human reproduction, gestational surrogacy is not an exclusive practice of the 21st century and Roman law already provides us with a series of sources on the use of this practice among the Roman aristocracy. In this work some of these examples are brought up, showing the reason why this practice was carried out in a patriarchal society, which used women for reproductive purposes in the interest not only of the family but also of society itself. This makes us wonder if, nowadays, the use of this practice also responds to social interests, in which women are the object of commodification, perhaps more characteristic of a patriarchal society.
5
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O rolach kobiet w Starym Testamencie

47%
Slawik J.
Rocznik Teologiczny
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2012
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vol. 54
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issue 1-2
9-30
EN
The author surveys social roles, in which the Hebrew Bible shows women. Commonly they were subordinated to men mothers, women and daughters. However they perform almost all – with exception of the priesthood – social functions, but their striving for a hereditary kinghood was always denied by biblical writers. Other activities of women were judged according to the same rules as men’s works. Women did not remain in their traditional roles and they went beyond these roles and gained recognitions. A poem in Prov 31,10-31 and narratives about God’s creation and Garden Eden in Gen 1-3 derive from reflections on a social standing of women in the patriarchal society. A few times the Old Testament speaks out critically on the patriarchal system of the society, pointing out that it does not correspond with goals of God’s creation.
PL
Autor dokonuje przeglądu ról społecznych, w jakich ukazywane są kobiety na kartach Biblii Hebrajskiej. Najczęściej były one podporządkowanymi mężczyznom matkami, żonami i córkami. Pełniły jednak prawie wszystkie – z wyjątkiem kapłańskich – funkcje społeczne, przy czym sięganie po dziedziczny urząd króla zostało ocenione jednoznacznie negatywnie. W pozostałych sytuacjach działalność kobiet oceniana jest według takich samych kryteriów co aktywność mężczyzn. Kobiety nie pozostawały zamknięte w tradycyjnych rolach, ale wykraczały poza nie, zdobywając uznanie. Poemat z Prz 31,10 31 oraz opowiadania o stworzeniu i ogrodzie Eden (Rdz 1-3) są m.in. wynikiem refleksji nad pozycją kobiet w patriarchalnych świecie. W Starym Testament do głosu dochodzi krytyka patriarchalnej organizacji społecznej, która nie odpowiada stwórczym zamierzeniom Boga.
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