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1

Niektóre aspekty przetwarzania obrazów wizualnych

100%

Młodkowski J., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2007

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vol. 11

EN

Image is a fundamental concept for the subject being presented. The word “image” has especially multiple meanings. This paper contains some connotations of the notion of image with common knowledge, philosophy, physics, physiology and psychology. As the general conclusion coming from the presented review is the approval of the conception of image as a contemporary mentality paradigm. Philosophers actually tested if the world without the image as a constructional element is possible and how it could look like, and if the image is possible to exist without its object. In the cognitive psychology image processing is interpreted depending on the position regarding the number of existing codes. This paper refers to the author’s opinion that content processing depends on the form, vocabulary and alphabet that are used to express this content. The specificity of visual image processing is characterized by multidimensionality, adaptivity, intermodality and elasticity. These notions are explained in the paper.

2

Don’t fight the tape! Technical Analysis Momentum and Contrarian Signals as Common Cognitive Biases

88%

Zielonka P., Białaszek W., Biedrzycki P., Dzik B.

Central European Management Journal

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2020

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vol. 28(2)

98-110

EN

Purpose: Stock market participants use technical analysis to seek trends in stock price charts despite its doubtful efficiency. We tested whether technical analysis signals represent typical and common cognitive biases associated with the continuation or reversal of the trend. Methodology: We compared investors’ opinions about the predictive power of technical analysis signals grouped into five conditions: real technical analysis signals associated with trend continuation (real momentum signals) or trend reversal (real contrarian signals), fake momentum or fake contrarian signals, and fluctuation signals. Findings: Investors assigned larger predictive power to real and fake signals associated with trend continuation than to signals associated with trend reversal. Fake signals, which represented cognitive biases, elicited similar predictions about trend continuation or reversal to real technical analysis signals. Originality: Market players assess momentum signals to have greater predictive power than contrarian signals and neutral signals to have the least predictive power. These results are independent of whether technical analysis signals were well-known to investors or made up by experimenters. The hardwired propensity of our brains to detect patterns combined with the non-natural environment of the stock market creates the illusion of expertise that is not easy to dispel.

3

Machine learning methods for classification problems

88%

Groenitz H.

Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

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2020

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issue 18 (24)

241-248

4

IMAGE PATTERN ANALYSIS WITH IMAGE POTENTIAL TRANSFORM

75%

Oleg B., Dikusar V.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2018

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vol. 19

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issue 1

12-27

EN

Pattern analysis with image transform based on potential calculation was considered. Initial gray-scale image is sliced into equidistant levels and resulting binary image was prepared by joining of some levels to one binary image. Binary image was transformed under assumption that white pixels in it may be considered as electric charges or spins. Using this assumption Ising model and Coulomb model interaction between white pixels was used for image potential transform. The transform was calculated using moving window. The resulting gray-scale image was again transformed to binary image using the thresholding on 0.5 level. Further binary images were analyzed using statistical indices (average, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) and geometric signatures: area, eccentricity, Euler number, orientation and perimeter. It was found that the most suitable geometric signature for pattern configuration analysis of Ising potential transform (IPT) and Coulomb potential transform (CPT) is area value. Similarly the most suitable statistics is distance statistics between white pixels.

5

Machine learning and essentialism

75%

Šekrst K., Skansi S.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2022

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issue 73

171-196

EN

Machine learning and essentialism have been connected in the past by various researchers, in order to state that the main paradigm in machine learning processes is equivalent to choosing the “essential” attributes for the machine to search for. Our goal in this paper is to show that there are connections between machine learning and essentialism, but only for some kinds of machine learning, and often not including deep learning methods. Similarity-based approaches, more connected to the overall prototype theory, spanning from psychology and linguistics, seem more suited for pattern recognition and complex deep-learning issues, while for classification problems, mostly for unsupervised learning, essentialism seems like the best choice. In order to illustrate the difference better, we will connect both paths to their sources in other disciplines and see how human psychology influences our decision in machine-learning modeling as well. This leads to a philosophically very interesting consequence: even in the setting of supervised machine learning, essences are not present in data, but in targets, which in turn means that the categories which purport to be essences are in fact human-made, and hand-coded in the targets. The success of machine learning, therefore, does not give any substantial evidence for the independent existence of essential properties. Our stance here is to state that neither the existence nor the lack of “essential” properties in machine learning can lead to metaphysical, i.e., ontological claims.

6

Decrease in entropy and simplicity as the rules of mechanical pattern recognition in Satosi Watanabe’s research

51%

Płonka J. S., Płonka J. S.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2018

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issue 1-4

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

1 Central European Management Journal

1 Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

1 Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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1 Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

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1 Białaszek W.

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1 Groenitz H.

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1 Młodkowski J.

1 Oleg B.

1 Płonka J. S.

1 Skansi S.