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EN
This article focuses on the relationship between proverbs and pedagogical situations in bringing up children. The research deals with the life-stories that speak about the childhood in the early 20th century Finland. As research material two collections from the Folklore Archives of the Finnish Literature Society in Helsinki have been used. The themes of the proverbs in pedagogical speech were the following: 1) control of one’s own life and living with others; 2) work; 3) livelihood, support and care; 4) Christian way of living, and 5) proverbs without a context. As a conclusion it can be said that for a child proverbs are combinations of socio-cultural contexts, people, emotions and information in various situations. For a child as a listener the content of the proverb is, above all, connected with the situation and the person involved, and it serves primarily as a piece of concrete advice.
EN
The article provides an overview of the concept of language game. The linguistic language game in the speech of the teacher was studied with the help of a three-year sociolinguistic experiment with the use of dictaphone records, the method of included observation and questioning, which covered about 1,700 informers. The author examined the language game in the speech of the teacher from the position of linguoecology, developed the criteria for determining the linguoecological / non-linguistic nature of the result of the language game. In the article, all the level types of language games are consistently characterized, considering the sign of the linguoecological / non-linguoecological character of the evaluative statements of the teacher. It is shown that the language game is an effective way to create an atmosphere of creativity and cooperation in the class. It is determined that among the comic techniques the most linguoecological is antiphrasis. It is revealed that many methods of language play violate the linguoecological nature of speech, if the game vector is aimed at discrediting the learner, the statement is permeated with self-abasement or contains invectives «softened» by the language game method.
RU
В статье представлен обзор понятия языковой игры. Лингвистическая языковая игра в речи педагога исследована при помощи трехлетнего социолингвистического эксперимента с применением диктофонных записей, метода включенного наблюдения и анкетирования, охватившего около 1.700 информаторов. Автор рассмотрел языковую игру в речи педагога с позиции лингвоэкологии, разработал критерии определения лингвоэкологичности / нелингвоэкологичности результата языковой игры. В статье последовательно характеризуются все уровневые типы языковой игры с учетом признака лингвоэкологичности / нелингвоэкологичности оценочных высказываний педагога. Показано, что языковая игра является эффективным способом создания атмосферы творчества и сотрудничества на занятии. Определено, что среди приемов комического наиболее лингвоэкологичным является антифразис. Выявлено, что многие приемы языковой игры нарушают лингвоэкологичность речи, если вектор игры нацелен на дискредитацию обучающегося, высказывание проникнуто самоуничижением или содержит инвективы, «смягченные» приемом языковой игры.
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