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EN
Currently, over a half of the world’s population lives in cities. It is estimated that by 2050 at least 85 per cent of Europeans will have lived in European cities. This trend is related to the fact that today cities are spaces of permanent learning in authentic contexts, which is fostered by the development of new technologies. However, little is known about the city-based learning concept, which is crucial for this type of technology-enhanced learning. Here, we discuss the theoretical background, basic assumptions and future contexts of development and implementation of this idea. Firstly, we demonstrate that city-based learning is contingent on such theories as urban studies, pedagogy of place, as well as urban education, explorative learning, learning outside the classroom, mobility of learning space or on-street activity. Secondly, we show that smartphones, tablets, GPS, educational cloud, and digital textbooks are technologies for city-based learning. We conclude that cities connected to an educational cloud (which is full of educational resources and serves as a platform for educational communication) are unique environments for students equipped with mobile tools. Finally, we point out a new project on a city-based learning implementation.
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EN
The text starts with a short introduction. Then the concept of place is defined and its inherent characteristics are described: its symbolism, multi-sided nature and multidisciplinary connotations. Afterwards the principles of place-based pedagogy are presented and it’s eclectic character is pointed out. Then, attempt explain idea of the memorial sites from the standpoint of history and pedagogy. In the final part the author relates to educational potential of (national) memorial sites and takes a stance on the role of memorial sites in citizenship education.
PL
The text starts with a short introduction. Then the concept of place is defined and its inherent characteristics are described: its symbolism, multi-sided nature and multidisciplinary connotations. Afterwards the principles of place-based pedagogy are presented and it’s eclectic character is pointed out. Then, attempt explain idea of the memorial sites from the standpoint of history and pedagogy. In the final part the author relates to educational potential of (national) memorial sites and takes a stance on the role of memorial sites in citizenship education.  
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88%
EN
The text starts with a short introduction. Then the concept of place is defined and its inherent characteristics are described: its symbolism, multi-sided nature and multidisciplinary connotations. Afterwards the principles of place-based pedagogy are presented and it’s eclectic character is pointed out. Then, attempt explain idea of the memorial sites from the standpoint of history and pedagogy. In the final part the author relates to educational potential of (national) memorial sites and takes a stance on the role of memorial sites in citizenship education.
EN
The purpose of the study was to analyze the term of university connectedness and to prepare the Polish adaptation of the University Connectedness Scale – a tool for measuring university connectedness among students. The psychometric characteristics of the Polish version of the scale, named “Skala Poczucia Akademickiej Wspólnoty” (SPAW), were examined in a sample of 720 students. The structure of the SPAW was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The SPAW includes 18 items making up two subscales: support and belonging. Correlations between university connectedness and other variables support the diagnostic validity of the SPAW. The scale has both a good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Overall, the SPAW is a reliable and valid tool which can be used to measure students’ university connectedness both for scientific and diagnostic purposes.
PL
Celem badania była analiza pojęcia poczucia akademickiej wspólnoty oraz przygotowanie polskiej adaptacji the University Connectedness Scale – narzędzia służącego do pomiaru poczucia akademickiej wspólnoty wśród studentów. Właściwości psychometryczne polskiej wersji skali, nazwanej Skalą Poczucia Akademickiej Wspólnoty (SPAW), przetestowano w próbie 720 studentów. Struktura polskiej wersji narzędzia została zbadana przy użyciu eksploracyjnej i konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej. SPAW składa się z 18 pozycji tworzących dwie podskale: wsparcie i poczucie przynależności. Korelacje z innymi zmiennymi potwierdzają trafność diagnostyczną SPAW. Zgodność wewnętrzna i stabilność bezwzględna narzędzia okazały się dobre. Podsumowując, SPAW jest rzetelnym i trafnym narzędziem, które może być wykorzystywane do pomiaru poczucia wspólnoty wśród studentów zarówno w celach naukowych, jak i diagnostycznych.
EN
Anthropological and sociological reflections over the city often stress its importance as a dynamic creation, that shapes the identity of its dwellers, hence it is a place of upbringing – locus educandi. It is, therefore, not ideologically-free area, and can serve as a point of departure for the reflections within the framework of pedagogy or cross-cultural education. The city is a symbolic sphere, where, as a part of the everyday life interactions, the encounter with the Other takes place. Thus, such area can make individuals familiar with the latter. At the same time the city becomes a material foundation for intercultural education, upon which (cross-cultural) social capital can be built. Such way of understating the city points to its properties as a phenomenological experience, what, in turn, makes relations with the place psychological and semantic. This paper analyzes selected theories of the city as a social and anthropological area, revealing its pedagogical potential. The latter – as exemplified by Sarajevo – can be used in various educational projects in culturally diverse communities.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą opisu przekazu dziedzictwa kulturowego na terenie Kurpiów, prezentacją roli wielopokoleniowych rodów, animatorów i stowarzyszeń w procesie edukacji regionalnej. Podjęte rozważania dotyczą także konieczności uwzględnienia w programach szkolnych ścieżki edukacyjnej, dzięki której realizowane byłyby zadania wychowania dla wspólnoty. Akcentuję potrzebę realizacji spójnej edukacji humanistycznej, dzięki wprowadzeniu w życie treści edukacji regionalnej wzbogaconej o wartości pedagogiki miejsca i edukacji międzykulturowej. Wnioskuję, iż wieloaspektowy system edukacyjny pozwoli zarówno na kształtowanie tożsamości kulturowej związanej z regionem, jak też na kreowanie tożsamości międzykulturowej. Mała ojczyzna pełni rolę zarówno mikroświata, jak też świata ogólnoludzkiego; stwarza korzystne warunki do wychowania dla wspólnoty. Materiał badawczy zebrano dzięki zastosowaniu cyklicznych badań o charakterze etnograficznym, za pomocą wiązki metod zawierającej sondaż diagnostyczny i metodę biograficzną.
EN
The author attempts to describe the transmission of cultural heritage in Kurpie region and it is also a presentation of the role that the multi generation families, animators and all sorts of associations play in the process of regional education. The ideas presented in the text also concern the educational path and its need to be respected in school curriculums, which leads to performing tasks of education for a given community. Moreover, it also emphasizes the need to implement a coherent humanistic education by introducing the task of regional education, enriched by the values of pedagogy of place and intercultural education. I’m concluding that multi-aspect educational system encourages both the process of shaping regional identity, as well as creating intercultural identity. The little homeland plays the role of a micro-world, as well as the one meant for the whole humanity in general, creating favorable conditions for education to community. The research materials were collected through the implementation of periodical ethnographical research by the means of the bundle of research methods, including diacritic survey and biographical method.
EN
Aim. From the point of view of the period of creation and historical development, we consider the streets of the historical core of Trnava to be the most dynamic, and why we focused on street name changes in the period from 1900 to the present in the area of the historical core of the city. Methods. As part of the methodology the classification by urbanonym, with the help of which we included the names of streets and squares into individual categories. A classification was used that divides urbanonyms into socially motivated and socially non-motivated, which are further divided into several subcategories. Urbanonyms are further divided into domestic and foreign. This classification is the most up-to-date of those mentioned and includes a category of religious names. Results. The category of socially significant street names, are divided at a lower level into the categories of politics, art and culture, church, science, crafts and trade, historical names and institutions. The most numerous is the group of names in the art and culture category, which includes 70 domestic and 10 foreign names, which together represent 25.89% of the total number of streets in the city. There are 15 streets in the categories of politics, church and science (4.85% of all 309 streets). Conclusion. Currently, Trnava can be characterised as a modern, dynamic city with a great influence on its surroundings. The restrictive measures taken in connection with the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 greatly affected the tourism sector and meant permanent closure for many businesses.
PL
Tekst przybliża problem aktywności Polonii oraz szkół polonijnych w Gruzji związaną z edukacją opartą na kultywowaniu języka i kultury polskiej przez pryzmat kategorii miejsca. Autorka prowadząc badania terenowe wśród gruzińskiej Polonii podjęła próbę przedstawienia złożonej rzeczywistości codziennego funkcjonowania dzieci, młodzieży i dorosłych, którzy mając polskie korzenie uczęszczają do polskich szkół i uczą się języka polskiego oraz Gruzinów z polskimi korzeniami, skupionych wokół towarzystw i związków polonijnych. Szkoły te i związki polonijne z jednej strony jawią się jako swoiste „epicentra” pielęgnowania polskiej tożsamości kulturowej, z drugiej zaś, jako miejsca nauczania języka polskiego, który gruzińskim potomkom Polaków daje szansę na „lepszą przyszłość” w Polsce – kraju Unii Europejskiej oraz scala pozostałe ślady polskości. Zaznaczyć należy, że sytuacja w Gruzji – w centrum oraz regionach pogranicznych, gdzie zamieszkują potomkowie Polaków i gdzie znajdują się punkty nauczania – szkoły polskie, jest trudna i charakteryzuje się dużym bezrobociem, niskim poziomem edukacji, małymi szansami na „lepszy standard życia” dorastającego młodego pokolenia. Polska szkoła daje więc szansę na uzyskanie możliwości dalszego rozwoju edukacyjnego.
EN
The text outlines the activity of Polish community associations and schools in Georgia connected with education based on the preservation of the Polish culture and language through the prism of the category of a place. Conducting her field research among the Polish community in Georgia the Author made an attempt to present the complex reality of the everyday functioning of children, youth and adults who, having Polish roots, attend Polish schools and learn the Polish language as well as Georgians with Polish roots centred around Polish community societies and associations. One the one hand, these Polish community schools and societies emerge as peculiar “epicentres” of fostering the Polish cultural identity, on the other hand, as places of Polish language education, which gives the Georgian descendants of Poles the chance “for a better future” in Poland – a European Union country, and unifies the remaining traces of Polish identity. It must be stressed that the situation in Georgia – in the centre and borderland regions where the descendants of Poles live and where educational centres – Polish schools – function, is difficult and is characterized by high unemployment, low quality education, low chances for “a better standard of living” of the growing young generation. Thus, the schools become a chance for further educational development.
EN
The aim of the article is to draw attention to the essence and values of learning and teaching children outside the school’s walls and to the pedagogy of the place, which refers to an alternative vision of the practice of outdoor education in an open space. The current theory and practice of education outside are influenced by cultural traditions and psychological theories of personal and social development. Taking into account the educational needs of contemporary young people struggling with serious social and ecological problems in a dynamically changing world, there is a need to re-invoke the idea of outdoor education and the idea of places that are the main dimension and problem of our being in the world.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na istotę oraz wartości uczenia się i nauczania dzieci poza murami szkoły oraz na pedagogikę miejsca, która odnosi się do alternatywnej wizji praktyki kształcenia na zewnątrz, w otwartej przestrzeni. Na obecną teorię i praktykę edukacji na zewnątrz wpływ mają kulturowe tradycje oraz psychologiczne teorie rozwoju osobistego i społecznego. Biorąc pod uwagę potrzeby edukacyjne współczesnych młodych ludzi, zmagających się z poważnymi problemami społecznymi i ekologicznymi w dynamicznie zmieniającym się świecie, zachodzi potrzeba ponownego przywołania idei edukacji na zewnątrz oraz idei miejsc, które stanowią główny wymiar i problem naszego bycia w świecie.
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