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Hieronimowa krytyka pelagianizmu w Dialogu przeciw pelagianom

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Mularczyk-Budzan A.
Polonia Sacra
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2014
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vol. 18
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issue 3
EN
Saint Jerome in the battle of pelagianism not differed essentially from other theologians of grace, for example St. Augustine. However Vulgata’s author had the opportunity to meet with Pelagius earlier than Augustine. He doesn’t avoid controversial statements, especially in disputes with pelagians. At the same time he was master of the beautiful expressions. Many times he was inconsistent in theological reflection. Probably therefore he doesn’t enjoy great popularity between contemporary theologians. This publication, based on the Dialogus contra pelagianos and Jerome’s Letters reaction against pelagianism and Pelagius. First of all, based on the Dialogus contra pelagianos and the Jerome’s Letters, is an attempt to show the Jerome’s reaction against pelagianism and Pelagius in the first half on 5th century. Using the method theological, historical and linguistical. First, I want to emphasize the most important theological problems about which he wrote. Next – I want to talk about distinguishing marks his criticism of pelagianism and show this criticism in context theology of grace West Church (Latin Church) the first half of the 5th century.
PL
Sam fakt krytyki zjawiska pelagianizmu przez Hieronima nie był niczym odkrywczym, oryginalnym. Idzie on bowiem po linii, którą prezentuje choćby św. Augustyn. Jednakowoż na szczególną uwagę zasługuje sposób, w jaki to czyni, specyfika jego podejścia. Strydończyk miał okazję zetknąć się z Pelagiuszem i jego poglądami wcześniej aniżeli biskup Hippony i od samego początku był na nie wyczulony. W swoich wypowiedziach nie waha się używać kontrowersyjnych, mocnych argumentów. Jednocześnie jest mistrzem pięknych, kwiecistych sformułowań. Wielokrotnie jest w swych teologicznych rozważaniach niekonsekwentny. Prawdopodobnie dlatego nie cieszy się dużą popularnością wśród współczesnych teologów. Niniejsza publikacja jest próbą ukazania reakcji Hieronima na herezję pelagiańską i samego Pelagiusza przede wszystkim w oparciu o Dialog przeciw pelagianom oraz Listy, z zastosowaniem metod teologicznej, historycznej oraz filologicznej. W pierwszej kolejności omówiono najważniejsze problemy teologiczne, o których pisał Strydończyk. Następnie nakreślono cechy szczególne podjętej przez niego krytyki pelagianizmu, po czym ukazano tę krytykę w kontekście szeroko rozumianego nurtu teologii łaski w Kościele zachodnim pierwszej połowy V wieku.
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Specyfika głównych ośrodków życia monastycznego w Galii w IV i V wieku

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Pochwat J.
Polonia Sacra
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2017
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vol. 21
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issue 3(48)
107-128
PL
Postaciami kluczowymi dla monastycyzmu Galii w IV i V wieku są: św. Marcin z Tours, Sulpicjusz Sewer, Jan Kasjan, Romanus i Lupicynius. Monastycyzm galijski odsłania inne podejście niż zasady wypracowane na Wschodzie. W samej Galii wykazuje również pewne zróżnicowanie. Monastycyzm Wschodu charakteryzował się tym, że był zdecydowanie ascetyczno-anachorecki, w odróżnieniu od monastycyzmu galijskiego o nastawieniu apostolsko-ewangelizującym. Oba te podejścia wcale się nie wykluczają, wręcz przeciwnie, uczą zasady jedności w różnorodności. Pokazują, że w życiu monastycznym chodzi o praktykowanie życia oddanego Bogu w pełnym jego wymiarze, zarówno duchowym, jak i cielesnym. Jednakże sposób realizacji tych założeń nie musi być wszędzie jednakowy, na szczyt prowadzi bowiem wiele dróg.
EN
The key figures for Gaul’s monasticism in the fourth and fifth century are: Martin of Tours, Sulpicius Severus, John Cassian, Romanus and Lupicinius. Monasticism in Gaul reveals a different approach to the principles developed in the East. In Gaul itself, some diversity can be observed. Monasticism of the East had a strong ascetic-anchoritic character, unlike Gallic monasticism with its apostolic and evangelical attitude. These two approaches do not contradict each other, quite the reverse, they both teach the principles of unity in diversity. They show that monastic life is about practicing a life devoted to God in its full dimension; both spiritually and bodily. The way of putting into practice these principles does not have to be the same. There are many routes leading to the aim.
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Marsyliusz z Padwy jako teolog

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Pawlak M.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
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2016
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vol. 25
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issue 3
77-95
EN
The article presents the theological theories of Marsilius of Padua, one of the most original thinkers of the late Middle Ages. This aspect of Marsilius thought is often overlooked, as most researchers tend to concentrate on his political ideas. The author of the article first analyzes the foundations of Marsilius’ theology – his vision of salvation, the quasi-pelagian notion of grace, the concept divine law and the definition of the Church. Also analyzed in detail is the notion of priesthood and the concept of authority in the Church – his conciliar theory and rejection of the papal primacy. According to the author, Marsilius’ theology was radically anti-papal, anti-clerical. To a certain degree it anticipated theological ideas of the Reformation.
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Dlaczego (neo)gnostycyzm i (neo)pelagianizm to błąd? Najnowsze dokumenty Kościoła katolickiego (Gaudete et exultate, Placuit Deo) wobec zagrożeń dotyczących łaski i świętości

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Krzych B. K.
Sympozjum
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2018
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issue 2(35)
267-283
PL
Współcześni chrześcijanie są narażeni na wiele duchowych niebezpieczeństw, które dotykają nie tylko treści wiary, ale mają również wpływ na praktykę i życie codzienne. Przekłada się to na złe pojmowanie łaski i świętości, a w konsekwencji zbawienia, którego nie poszukuje się w Bogu, ale w człowieku lub (tajemnej) wiedzy. Papież Franciszek zagrożenia te nazywa (neo)gnostycyzmem i (neo)pelagianizmem. W artykule omówione są najnowsze dokumenty Kościoła, zwłaszcza adhortacja apostolska Gaudete et exultate (kwiecień 2018) oraz list Kongregacji Nauki Wiary Placuit Deo (luty 2018). Analizy są umieszczone w szerszym, filozoficznym kontekście (posthumanizm i postnowoczesność), który pozwala przedstawiane zjawiska – w odniesieniu do magisterium Kościoła – należycie rozumieć i interpretować.
EN
Modern Christians are exposed to many spiritual dangers that touch not only the content of faith, but also affect practice and daily life. It transfers into a misunderstanding of grace and sanctity and consequently of salvation, which is not sought in God, but in man or (secret) knowledge. Pope Francis calls these threats (neo)gnosticism and (neo)pelagianism. This article aims to discuss the latest documents of the Church, especially the apostolic exhortation Gaudete et exultate (April 2018) and the letter of the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith Placuit Deo (February 2018). Analyzes are placed in a wider, philosophical context (posthumanism and postmodernity), which allows to properly understood and interpreted the presented phenomena – in respect to the magisterium of the Church.
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Synergizm Bożej łaski i ludzkiej wolności. Czy droga przebóstwienia człowieka w teologii wschodniej jest pelagiańska?

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Składanowski M.
Roczniki Teologii Ekumenicznej (Annals of Ecumenical Theology)
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2011
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vol. 3(58)
71-87
EN
According to the Holy Bible, God gives us unceasingly his grace in order to liberate humanity from sin and death. One of the most fundamental Christistian beliefs – which expresses the absolute primacy of God’s salvific will – says that God’s grace is necessary for salvation. The doctrine of divine grace was the main topic of the theological discussion between St. Augustine and Pelagius. The Augustinian doctrine presented clear opposition between the omnipotence of God’s grace and the weakness of the sinner. Augustine’s teachings prevailed in the Catholic doctine, although without its extremities. Meanwhile in the East, the Pelagian controversy was not understood and the Augustine’s doctrine of divine grace was not accepted. The Eastern theology speaks of synergism as a divine-human salvific cooperation. Is this not a Pelagian denial of the absolute salvific primacy of God? To answer this question, the article seeks the notion of divine grace in the doctrine of the Orthodox Church. The concept of God’s grace is in this doctrine associated with the concept of deification (theosis). Essentially, God’s grace is the same as God’s uncreated energies. It is some kind of active presence of the Holy Trinity in the world. Its manifestations are the sacraments of the Church. Its aim is the final fulfillment of human destiny and of the world. Man’s free will is also an important gift of grace. God’s salvific action toward mankind leads to theosis which is the purpose of human life. It is achievable only through a synergy (cooperation) between human will and God’s uncreated energies. The omnipotence of God’s grace does not destroy human freedom, because freedom of the human will itself is a God’s gift. The Orthodox doctrine of synergism, however, does not distinguish clearly God’s grace and human freedom. Man’s salvation is possible through the cooperation of grace and freedom, although ultimately divine Providence leads mankind to eternal fulfillment. There are still some important doctrinal differences between Catholic and Orthodox theologies. The Eastern thought emphasises the deification of man and the ultimate goal of the human life. The Catholic doctrine is more practical: it seeks the way of salvation for a sinner. However, it does not mean that these two concepts are totally incompatible. They both are based on the main Christian idea of God’s love toward mankind. The most important expression of this redemptive and salvific love is Christ’s Cross and Resurrection.
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Biskupi afrykańscy wobec herezji pelagianizmu

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Burczak K.
Vox Patrum
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2002
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vol. 42
437-461
EN
Haeresis Pelagii invenit in Africa ineunte saeculo quarto bonum fundamentum, quod disciplina Donatistarum erat. Episcopi Africae multis in synodis congregati anathematizabant Pelagium eiusque doctrinam. Novem canones synodi anno 418 Carthagine habitae anathematizant principales theses illius doctrinae. Dissertatiuncula haec post brevem introductionem, quattuor capitibus constat, quae inscribuntur: Situs historicus et legitimus Pelagii doctrinae, Ecclesia in Africa et haeresis Pelagii, Proprietates sententiarum in synodo contra Pelagianos constitutarum, Episcopi Africae et auctoritas Episcopi Romae; denique dissertatiuncula Appendicem habet, quae textum in lingua Latina eiusque primam in linguam Polonorum translationem canonum synodi anno 418 Carthagine habitae continet.
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Initium fidei w ujęciu Jana Kasjana

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Nocoń A.
Vox Patrum
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2014
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vol. 61
359-371
EN
The problem of the „beginning of faith” (initium fidei) was among those which vividly captured the attention of theologians at the beginning of the 5th century, particularly in the wider context of the controversy concerning the relationship be­tween free will and God’s grace in the work of salvation. Generally it is assumed that John Cassian, concerned, on the one hand, to show the Pelagians the neces­sity of grace and the radical Augustinians, on the other, the need for cooperation with the work of divine grace, failed to avoid errors which would subsequently be referred to as semi-pelagianism. With regard to the „beginning of faith”, his error is supposed to consist in the fact that the salvific initiative could derive from man. This view, however, derives from an over simplification of the thought of the Abbot of St. Victor: not only because most of his comments underline the neces­sity for grace in order for faith to begin in man (theological argument), but also because even in his rare „semipelagian” affirmations Cassian speaks of scintilla of good will in man, without however calling this the moment of faith strictly under­stood (philological argument). Above all, however, it is forgotten that for Cassian, who was educated in the spirit of oriental theology, salvation is simultaneously divine and human and lacks any form of „arithmetical” parity between God and man, which would make man an equal partner with God in the work of salvation. For Cassian, everything concerning the primacy of God in salvation is beyond question and human efforts are nothing other than the response expected by the Divine Pedagogue of His pupils as He leads them along the path of salvation, from the initium fidei to its end.
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Retoryka i filozofia w korespondencji św. Augustyna z Woluzjanem (Epistulae 132, 135, 137)

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Toczko R.
Vox Patrum
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2013
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vol. 60
449-459
EN
This paper takes under a detailed scrutiny some passages from the Letters 132, 135 and 137 among the Corpus of Augustine’s correspondence. The author casts some light on the cultural contexts of the Augustinian letters as it is presented in the contemporary research. In the outcome, a new reading of the correspondence with Volusianus is offered. The main thesis argumented for in this study is that what we encounter in these letters is a public philosophical dispute, in which both sides tried to discredit the counterparts as lacking in terms of ethical and strictly professional i.e. philosophical competences. The stake is the spiritual and intellec­tual authority of Augustine and the validity of Christian philosophy, especially of the Christian concept of divinity and its presence.
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Tischnera z Kołakowskim spór o łaskę i wolność

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Hołda M.
Logos i Ethos
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2021
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vol. 57
107-137
EN
The present text addresses one of the stages of the controversy over grace and freedom originated by Pelagius and Saint Augustine. The protagonists of this stage are Leszek Kołakowski and Józef Tischner. As he was reconstructing the 17th-century debates between Jansenists and Molinists, Kołakowski posed a question about the relevance in: of this controversy for the contemporary times. Tischner, as he was critical of Kołakowski’s views, put forward his own solution to the problem of grace and freedom, which was in line with the thought of Saint Augustine. In the present text I place Tischner’s dispute with Kołakowski against the backdrop of earlier stages of the controversy, and I discuss the views held by both the thinkers. I also attempt to resolve this dispute and point to its significance for the philosophy of education and the philosophy of politics.
PL
Niniejszy tekst traktuje o jednej z odsłon zapoczątkowanego przez Pelagiusza i św. Augustyna sporu o łaskę i wolność. Bohaterami tej odsłony sporu są Leszek Kołakowski i Józef Tischner. Kołakowski, rekonstruując XVII-wieczne dyskusje między jansenistami i molinistami, stawiał pytanie o znaczenie tego sporu dla współczesności. Tischner, krytykując poglądy Kołakowskiego, proponował własne, idące śladem myśli św. Augustyna, rozwiązanie problemu łaski i wolności. W niniejszym tekście umieszczam spór Tischnera z Kołakowskim na tle starszych odsłon sporu i omawiam poglądy obu myślicieli. Podejmuję także próbę rozstrzygnięcia tego sporu oraz wskazuję jego znaczenie dla filozofii wychowania i filozofii polityki.
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