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EN
The article in a person representing the trait of an individual trait and a person of a sports trainer with intellectual disability and a personality traits leader with an intellectual personality and a personality traits leader with an intellectual personality.
EN
The author emphasizes the influence of social attitudes towards an individual on his or her self-perception and also pays attention to what threatens the development of identity in people with intellectual disability. It is said that the most important thing in the process of identity formation is the fulfillment of three basic psychological needs during adulthood: the need for having positive relations with other people, the need for autonomy and the need for competence. The limited opportunities of adult women and men with intellectual disability to realize these needs are connected to attitudes towards people with intellectual disability such as over-protectiveness, compassion, focus on deficits, ignorance, segregation, control and judgments. These attitudes are generated by a set of social stereotypes, according to which a person with intellectual disability is an “ageless child”. People with intellectual disabilities are affected by a lack of autonomy, the impossibility of experiencing their own competence as well as limited social contacts as they stay under control of their closest social environment. These problems are concerned with the areas of sexuality and independent living. The author provides examples of discriminatory attitudes as well as current stereotypes and social beliefs which are an actual barrier to the psychosocial functioning of adult people with intellectual disability with respect to the realization of their sexual needs and needs for autonomy.
EN
The present article undertakes an attempt to present the contemporary concept of intellectual disability in the context of the social model of disability. Attention was focused on the definition of intellectual disability, its assumptions and the basic dimensions of the functioning of people with intellectual disability. In addition, it was attempted to assess their compatibility with the postulates included in the social model of disability. As a result of the analysis, it was established that placing a stronger emphasis in the concept of intellectual disability on the interrelations between how it is perceived and who a person with intellectual disability becomes would promote stressing the role of the social environment in their development, in addition to encouraging the support and strengthening the tendency to perceive intellectual disability in the socio-educational dimension.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę prezentacji współczesnej koncepcji niepełnosprawności intelektualnej w kontekście społecznego modelu niepełnosprawności. Zwrócono uwagę na definicję niepełnosprawności intelektualnej, jej założenia oraz podstawowe wymiary funkcjonowania osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, a także starano się ocenić ich zgodność z postulatami zawartymi w społecznym modelu niepełnosprawności. W rezultacie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, iż położenie większego nacisku w koncepcji niepełnosprawności intelektualnej na współzależność między tym, jak jest postrzegana, i tym, kim staje się osoba z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, sprzyjałoby w większym zakresie podkreśleniu roli otoczenia społecznego w jej rozwoju, a także zachęcało do udzielania wsparcia i utrwalało tendencje do postrzegania niepełnosprawności intelektualnej w wymiarze socjopedagogicznym.
PL
Do niedawna uważano, że niepełnosprawność intelektualna nie doty- czy dorosłych i ogranicza się jedynie do dzieci i młodzieży. W publikacjach naukowych ubiegłego wieku czytamy, że osoby te nie żyją dłużej niż 40 lat, a i to raczej wyjątkowo. Rzeczywistość zmieniła się między innymi wraz z postępem medycyny i wzrostem jakości opieki medycznej. Wydłużenie życia ludzkiego jest tendencją ogólną i ma swoje odzwierciedlenie również wśród osób z długotrwałą niepełnosprawnością. W efekcie populacja starych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną pojawiła się w historii po raz pierwszy. Celem artykułu jest wstępne rozpoznanie i przybliżenie problematyki starości i starzenia się osób z niepełnosprawnością in- telektualną, stanowiąc punkt wyjścia dla dalszych badań autorki w tym zakresie. W tekście przybliżono pojęcie niepełnosprawność intelektualna i geragogika specjalna, omówiono zmiany inwolucyjne towarzyszące procesowi starzenia się osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną i modele starości w tej subpopulacji.
EN
Until recently, it has been considered that intellectual disability does not concern adults and is only limited to children and youth. In scientific publications of the previous century one can read that these people do not exceed the age of 40, and even reaching that age is an exception. The reality has changed with the progress of medicine and the improvement of medical care quality. Higher life expectancy is a general tendency also among people with long-lasting disability. As a result, for the first time in history, we are dealing with a population of old people with intellectual disability. The objective of this article is the initial research into and introducing the problem of old age and ageing of intellectually disabled people, as a starting point for the author’s further research in this scope. In the text, the notions of intellectual disability and special geragogy are presented, involutional changes connected with the process of ageing of intellectually disabled people are discussed as well as ageing models of this subpopulation.
EN
In this paper university life for people with intellectual disability will be described across international boundaries, with a particular emphasis on the model of inclusion at the University of Sydney. How the latter model was developed, researched and implemented will be included in the presentation followed by a critique of positive and challenging outcomes reported by universities that have opened their doors to students with intellectual disability. The student voice and that of lecturing staff will be digitally heard within the presentation exemplifying how unity in diversity has enabled students to self-actualize, through increasing their responsibilities and autonomy as adult learners. In keeping with the philosophy of the Maria Grzegorzewska University it will be argued that inclusion at the higher education level means a “good university for all”. Within the presentation the work of the Inclusive Research Network (IRN) at the Centre for Disability Studies will illustrate how in real life both co-design and co-researching between people with intellectual disabilities and people without can add to the concept of both building unity across diversity and crossing the divide.
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