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Ruská medievistika sovětského období jako badatelský problém

100%

Komendová J.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

2009

vol. 6

issue 1

83-100

This article is concerned with contemporary Russian research on Russian Mediaeval Studies in the Soviet era. Historians of Russian Mediaeval Studies faced repression in the twentieth century to an extent and for a length of time and in an intensity not experienced by historians in any other European country of those days. It is therefore understandable that researchers now look at the past of their own fi eld mainly through the lens of the history of repression. Though picture from outside the trampled field of scholarship (historians in particular and the fi eld in general), as well as victims of the totalitarian regime, is in many respects an accurate one, it has pushed to the background the fact that not only ideologists misused topics from history, but so did scholars themselves, who met this ‘social demand’ and actively took part in disciplining their own fi eld. These fundamental questions, however, have previously not been considered in Russian historiography to the extent they deserve.

Článek se zabývá současným ruským výzkumem ruské medievistiky za sovětské éry. Historici z ruských medievistických studií se museli ve dvacátém století vyrovnávat s represemi, které co do rozsahu, časové délky a intenzity nezažily žádní historici v jiné evropské zemi té doby. Je tedy pochopitelné, že badatelé nyní sledují minulost vlastního oboru především jako dějiny represí. I když je zvenčí tento obrázek potlačovaného výzkumu (zvláště co se týkalo historiků a jejich oboru obecně), stejně jako obětí totalitního režimu, v mnoha ohledech správný, nutí nás to k náhledu, že nejen ideologové zneužívali témata z minulosti, ale též mnozí badatelé sami, kteří tak vycházeli vstříc „společenské objednávce” a aktivně participovali na disciplinaci vlastního oboru. Těmto zásadním otázkám se však ruská historiografie dosud nepostavila tak, jak by si zasloužily.

Poslankyně neruského původu v sovětském parlamentu, 1989-1991: intersekcionalita v imperiální situaci

45%

Sablin I., Medková B.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

2021

vol. 28

issue 1

44-69

The study focuses on the position of female deputies of non-Russian descent in parliamentary debates on the perestroika in the last years of the existence of Soviet Union. The key issues the author examines concern the hardships – as defined by the English term “grievances”, which denotes a variety of sources of political deprivation resulting in collective acts – these female deputies were pointing out, and what potential solutions they were proposing to mitigate or eliminate them. The most important forum where these debates were taking place was the Congress of People’s Deputies (S’ezd narodnykh deputatov), which arose from partly pluralistic elections, was the highest body of state authority of the Soviet Union from 1989 to 1991, and meant a significant progress in Gorbachev’s reform Communist leadership’s efforts to democratize the political system. Gender-wise, the body was very unbalanced as women accounted for just 352 out of its 2,250 elected members. The author work with stenographic records of speeches of the female deputies of non-Russian descent delivered during five sessions of the Congress of People’s Deputies, viewing them through a prism of concepts of “intersectionality” and “imperial situation”, which permit capturing the diversity of its composition and acts in the form of relations between various social categories (nationality/ethnicity, gender, region, profession etc.), their overlapping and self-categorization of players. The speeches of the female deputies often accentuated national grievances and hardships, which fact is indicative of a considerable importance of nationalism in Soviet discussions about the perestroika and in the systemic crisis of the USSR at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. However, they also show that viewing problems in a nationalism-tinged perspectives did not necessarily mean seeking a nationalist solution, as many of the female deputies preferred looking for a solution within the Soviet Union to that consisting in sovereignty or even independence of its republics. The female deputies also insistently reflected urgent social, economic, professional, environmental, and local problems. The final part of the article describes political careers of the female deputies after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

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1 Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

1 Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

1 Komendová J.

1 Medková B.

1 Sablin I.

1 2021

1 2009

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Ruská medievistika sovětského období jako badatelský problém

Poslankyně neruského původu v sovětském parlamentu, 1989-1991: intersekcionalita v imperiální situaci