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PL
The article is an attempt to describe the conception of androgyny in ZinaidaGippius’s work entitled Reflective wanderer. The main character of Reflective wandereris a modernistic philosopher, Vasily Rozanov. The aim of this article is to analyse the image of Rozanov and prove that he is an example of androgynous man being.
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PL
The text attempts to answer the question whether musicians need a philosophy of music. The answer to the question of what music contributes to philosophy - a question superordinate in relation to the investigations of the links between philosophy and music - can be formulated clearly, since we find it in the texts of the most prominent representatives of European philosophical thought, including Schopenhauer, whose ideas are discussed in the paper. These issues are also discussed in literature which explores philosophical issues, by such classics of the genre as Thomas Mann and Herman Hesse, whose profound descriptions bring us closer to an understanding of that which music does directly, by expressing spheres beyond words that cannot be expressed otherwise than through music. Karl Popper regards polyphony as the greatest discovery of European culture, and provides evidence of the closeness of science and philosophy. These three levels of approaching the relationship between philosophy and music lead to demonstrating the axiological essence of music, revealed by performers, who make it possible for music to exist to the full in its sonority, unveiling its metaphysical perfection to its listeners.
EN
The aim of the article is the presentation of Blessed Dorothy of Montau as a role model for the laity in the Polish-language hagiography of the 17th and 18th centuries. The material under discussion includes separate texts dedicated to the Blessed, biographies included in the then collections of the lives of saints, examples inserted in the period sermons and calendar entries
Vox Patrum
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2017
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vol. 67
573-597
EN
In his article, the author considers the main patristic sources and works of Orthodox saints, that were crucial in the formation of a well-known Orthodox theologian and spiritual seeker of the XX century the Archimandrite Sophrony Sakharov. He also reaches his writings, as well as the works and memoirs of con­temporaries, to show what was the archimandrite’s relationship to the heritage of the Holy Fathers, and which texts were most relevant to him. The author pays special attention to the role of the elder Silouan, Sakharov’s spiritual mentor, who formed his patristic theology vision.
UK
W swym artykule autor analizuje podstawowe źródła patrystyczne i dzieła świętych prawosławnych, które wpłynęły na kształt myśli znanego prawosławnego teologa i pisarza ascetycznego XX wieku – archimandryty Sofroniusza Sacharo­wa. Sięga też do jego pism, jak również dzieł i wspomnień współczesnych mu pisarzy, po to by ukazać, jaka była relacja archimandryty do dziedzictwa Świętych Ojców, oraz które teksty były dla niego najbardziej istotne. Szczególną zaś uwagę poświęca autor roli starca Sylwana, który był przewodnikiem duchowym Sacha­rowa i ukształtował jego patrystyczną wizję teologii.
EN
The purpose of the present article is to discuss two literary motifs that can be traced throughout Anton Holban’s prose works: music and the sea. Holban, who wrote also music reviews for newspapers, had a genuine passion for music, which is reflected in his novels and short stories. Music appears in Holban’s literature as the highest form of artistic expression, and, at the same time, as a special and unique code used by lovers to communicate with each other, which isolates them from other people. Music seems to be more important than a relationship with a woman and even than literary creation. It may become an obsession. Listening to music in solitude gives the narrator an opportunity to explore his inner world and to be himself. The sea means much more than a landscape in Holban’s works. Like music, it has a symbolic dimension, being for the protagonists a source of extatic, almost mistic experience, as well as a witness to their deepest and most intimate feelings. From philosophical point of view, the sea means infinity, eternal movement and perfection.
EN
The paper proposes a metaaxiological political framework, which is the ground for the thesis that the central idea that underlies politics is well-being and its improvement. Every political activity relies on certain goods, values and standards forming its opera-tional framework. The aim and essence of politics is to ensure the realization of consti-tutive values. These values include the normative concept of the human being and con-stitutive values underpinning the functioning of the state and political community (i.e. good life, justice, freedom, security, peace, identity, unity, rule of law, representation, sovereignty, legitimacy). On the one hand, the normative values represent preconditions that have to be present in every political sphere. On the other, they serve as ideals pur-sued by states and political systems. They are investigated by means of normative typo-logical categories.
Vox Patrum
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2005
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vol. 48
139-152
PL
Integralną część ambrozjańskiego nauczania odnoszącego się do ludzkiej doskonałości i szczęśliwości stanowi druga księga dzieła "De Iacob", ukazująca biblijne przykłady życia „sławnych ludzi", które stają się dla Biskupa Mediolanu nie tyle dodatkiem potwierdzającym teoretyczny wykład pierwszej księgi dzieła, ile raczej inspiracją dla niego i jego natchnieniem. To zdawałoby się potwierdzać oryginalność Ambrożego w formułowaniu niektórych twierdzeń natury ogólnej, a także swoistą niezależność od autorów, z których pism, i poglądów korzystał.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie, krótkie rozwinięcie oraz krytyka pedagogicznych implikacji transhumanizmu. Stawiam hipotezę, iż w odniesieniu do głównych postulatów tego, coraz bardziej znaczącego zarówno w kulturze popularnej jak i w środowisku akademickim, ruchu techno-progresywnego uzasadniona jest mowa o próbie urzeczowienia człowieka. Owe urzeczowienie polegałoby na biotechnologicznych interwencjach, mających na celu udoskonalenie ciała ludzkiego, co – jak będę chciał dowieść – kłóciłoby się z podstawowymi ideami i założeniami edukacji humanistycznej, a także posthumanistycznej pedagogiki rzeczy. W pierwszej części omówię kluczową dla transhumanizmu koncepcję „ulepszania człowieka” (Human Enhancement) oraz pojęcie ludzkiej doskonałości. Z kolei w drugiej części postaram się odnieść te idee do podstawowych dla pedagogiki humanistycznej obrazów człowieka jako homo absconditus i homo educandus. Wyniki moich refleksji mogą być postrzegane jako wyraz naglącej potrzeby powstania szerokiej debaty pedagogicznej nad możliwościami oraz zagrożeniami płynącymi z transhumanizmu, albowiem nawet częściowa realizacja jego postulatów mogłaby już w niedalekiej przyszłości przyczynić się do załamania się podstawowych zasad praktyki edukacyjnej.
EN
The aim of the article is presentation, short elaboration and critique of the pedagogical implications of transhumanism. My hypothesis is that it is valid to refer to the crucial postulates of this techno-progressive movement, which is contemporary gaining popularity within the pop culture and academic society, as an attempt to objectify the human being. This process would consist of biotechnological interventions aiming at perfection of the human body, which—as I will try to indicate—would clash with both the basic ideas and assumptions of humanistic education and the conception of pedagogy of things as well. In the first part I will elaborate the crucial transhumanist conception of “human enhancement” and the notion of human perfection. In the second part I will refer these ideas to the fundamental pedagogical images of a man as homo absconditus and homo educandus. The results of my reflections can be perceived as an enunciation of the exigency for establishing a broad pedagogical debate on the possibilities and dangers deriving from transhumanism, since even a partial realization of its postulates could eventually lead to a breakdown of crucial principles of educational praxis.
EN
The problem of reaching personal sanctity through Church, highlighted by the constitution Lumen Gentium issued by the Second Vatican Council, is one of key topics discussed in the theological works of the outstanding researcher Professor Father Wincenty Granat. He elaborated widely on the concept of Christian sanctity, which he identified with perfection. Drawing upon the texts of the Old and the New Testament, Father Granat emphasised that love is the foundation of sanctity. This is why, Father Granat taught about sanctity as friendship with Christ. Christ is an example of sanctity for all, this is why we all should follow Him. Servant of God Father Granat claimed strongly that the Church has its inner powers to transform sinners into saints, even though its full sanctity will come with eschatological times.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2018
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vol. 7
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issue 4
579-595
EN
The author considers the problem of beauty. He identifies beauty as an analogically understood property of reality, of human products (including art), and of the human mode of conduct, and as that which, in the tradition of Western culture, is expressed under the form of harmony, perfection, or splendor, which as beheld and for beholding arouses complacency or pleasure. The article discusses the following topics: classical theories of beauty, beauty in the metaphysical conception, beauty in aesthetics, the separation of beauty from reality, and the problem of ugliness.
EN
The main idea of the considerance is to pay one’s attention at the ideal of a Christian, on the basis of St Paul’s Great Letters (1 Cor, Gal, 2 Cor, Rom). People are really eager to face sanctity: with God, with a holy man. The sanctity constitutes a kind of a pattern, an exempler to follow for an ordinary person – an exempler of its magnanimousness. The very basic human values can be definitely called as the Christian ones, as God dedicated his life in the name of the values defendence. The Christian sanctity is absolutely not about any sort of suerhumanity. It is about unusual skills, talents which not everyone is gifted with. The Christian sanctity is an obedience based not on its own greatness, but on the one that lets God to be gifted by his greatness. People have extremely serious expectations from different religions. One of them are ready answers on tough questions, concerning human existence, which deeply move human hearts: what the final and the wordless mystery is that overwhelms our existence, which we take our beginning from, towards which we constantly head for. One of the answers can be found in the New Testament, which the Great Letters of St Paul’s constitute a truly important part of.
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
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2013
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vol. 4
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issue 1
115-132
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Islam is defined as submission to the will of God. The believer should demonstrate his obedience by worshiping the One God and accomplishing His commands, following the right path, revealed to him through the Messenger Muhammad. This path is expressed in the five pillars of Islam: profession of faith in One God, prayer, alms, fasting and pilgrimage. It is the first step (islam) in religion, based on the principle of doing good and avoiding evil. The next step is the faith (iman) in the revealed articles of belief and culminates in a complete trust in God. In the third stage (ihsan) the believer stays in adoration before God and in His presence. He has also the awareness that his inability to see God does not mean that God does not see him. It is perfection, expressed in worship and charity and linking the internal and external dimension of religion in action and doing good. A perfect life on earth and good deeds of man are the way that leads, through the mercy of God, to the contemplation of His face.
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2019
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vol. 8
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issue 3
681-716
EN
The chief aim of this article is to show that St. Thomas Aquinas’s Fourth Way of demonstrating God’s existence can only be made precisely intelligible by comprehending it as a real, generic whole in light of its specific organizational principles. Considered as a real, generic whole, this argument is one from effect to cause (from a real order of more or less perfectly existing generic, specific, and individual beings [habens esse] more or less perfectly possessing generic, specific, and individual ways of being within qualitatively different, hierarchical, orders of existence to a first cause of this order of perfections). In addition, this article maintains that, to comprehend this complicated argument, readers mush be familiar with philosophical principles that St. Thomas repeatedly uses throughout his major works, but with which most of his contemporary students tend to be unfamiliar. Consequently, a secondary aim of this paper is to introduce readers unfamiliar with them to some of these principle so that they may be able better to comprehend what St. Thomas is saying in this demonstration and in other teachings of his as well.
EN
The normative character of the Bible based on postconciliar polish theology Holy Scripture is a written Word of God. For ages it has been the subject of interest by millions of people. It is the basis of God’s Revelation and Church Book. Both the Bible and Church itself were born from the breath of the Holy Spirit, and they are in inseperable way connected with saving mission of the Church. Next to Tradition, the Bible is the basic way of transmitting God’s Revelation because it contains the truth of salvation. It is always current for everyone who accepts it in faith and truth. It contains the word of God, the power of which is the reconciliation between God and man. It is also a place of dialogue between the Creators and everything what God has created. In the Holy Scripture there is no mistake or false, because it comes from God’s Inspiration. With the power of the Holy Spirit, who is presented in the word, this word is a living and effective word. From the Bible constantly flows truth and holiness, what makes it the basis of moral life. When we call the Bible a Holy Scripture, we do not always realize that same we confess our faith in holiness, which is a moral nobility of the Bible that is also unmatched in terms of holiness. The Bible has a special purpose. It gives man a plan of Salvation and a wa of its achievement.
DE
Der normative Charakter der Bibel anhand der polnischen nachkonziliaren Theologie Die Heilige Schrift ist das geschriebene Wort des Gottes. Seit Jahrhunderten ist es ein Objekt von Interesse fur Millionen von Menschen. Es ist die Grundlage fur Gottes Offen- barung und das Buch der Kirche. Sowohl die Bibel als auch die Kirche sind aus dem Atem des Heiligen Geistes entstanden. Bibel ist untrennbar mit der heilbringenden Mission der Kirche verbunden. Neben der Tradition ist sie der grundlegende Weg, die Offenbarung zu vermitteln, weil sie die Wahrheit der Erlosung enthalt. Bibel ist immer gultig fur Alle, die sie im Glauben und in der Wahrheit empfangen. Sie enthalt das Wort des Gottes, dessen Kraft es ist, Gott mit dem Mensch zu yersóhnen. Es gibt auch ein Ort des Dialogs zwischen Schópfer und Geschópf. In der Heiligen Schrift gibt es keinen Fehler oder keine Falschheit, weil sie von Gottes Eingebung kommt. Durch die Kraft des Heiligen Geistes im Wort ist es lebendig und wirksam. Aus der Bibel fliefien standig Wahrheit und Heiligkeit, was sie zur Grundlage des moralischen Lebens macht. Wenn man die Bibel den Heiligen Schriften nennt, ist man dessen nicht immer bewusst, dass man auf diese Weise den Glauben an die Heiligkeit bekennt, also den moralischen Adel der Bibel als meint, die auch in Bezug auf die Heiligkeit konkurrenzlos ist. Sie hat einen bestimmten Zweck. Sie soll dem Menschen einen Erlósungsplan geben, einen Weg, um ihn zu erreichen.
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Męstwo a świętość

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PL
W artykule Męstwo a świętość autor, zainspirowany hasłem X Dnia Papieskiego „Odwaga świętości”, który był obchodzony w Polsce 10 października 2010 r., próbuje określić relację pomiędzy cnotą męstwa a świętością. W pierwszej części rozważań analizie poddana zostaje cnota męstwa. Zostaje ona ukazana jako cierpliwe, wytrwałe i ufne stawienie oporu złu, oraz długomyślne i wielkoduszne dążenie do prawdy, dobra i piękna. Część druga jest poświęcona refleksji nad świętością. W świetle prowadzonych badań jawi się ona jako wartość, którą człowiek realizuje, dążąc do doskonałości. W ostatniej części zostają wskazane punkty, w których cnota męstwa i dążenie człowieka do doskonałości wiążą się ze sobą. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz autor dochodzi do przekonania, że kształtowanie w sobie przez człowieka cnoty męstwa należy uznać za strukturalnie konstytutywną część realizowania przez człowieka wartości świętości.
EN
In the article the author of “Courage and Holiness”, inspired by the theme of the X Pope Day “Courage of holiness”, which was celebrated in Poland on 10 October 2010, is trying to determine the relationship between the virtue of courage and holiness. In the first part of the discussion analyzed the virtue of fortitude. It has been shown to be patient, persistent and confident to resist evil and generous pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty. Part two is devoted to a reflection on holiness. In light of the studies, it appears as the value of which man realizes, striving for perfection. As indicated in the last part of people's attitudes, in which the virtue of courage and human desire for perfection coincide with each other. On the basis of analysis the author comes to the conclusion that the process of human striving for holiness is linked to the development of the human virtues of courage.
DE
In dem Artikel der Autor von „Mut und Heiligkeit“, inspiriert durch das Thema des zehnten Papstesteges „Mut und Heiligkeit“, der in Polen am 10. Oktober 2010 gefeiert wurde, versucht, die Beziehung zwischen der Tugend des Mutes und der Heiligkeit zu bestimmen. Im ersten Teil der Diskussion analysierte er die Tugend der Tapferkeit. Es hat sich gezeigt, geduldig zu sein, zuversichtliche Ablegnung des Böses und großzügige Streben nach Wahrheit, Güte und Schönheit. Der zweite Teil ist einer Reflexion über die Heiligkeit gewidmet. Im Licht der Studien ist sie der Wert für den Menschen und das Streben nach Perfektion. Die Tugend des Mutes und die Sehnsucht der Menschen nach Perfektion sind miteinander verbunden. Der Autor kommt zum Schluss, dass der Prozess des menschlichen Strebens nach Heiligkeit für die Entwicklung der menschlichen Tugenden sehr wichtig ist.
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2020
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vol. 9
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issue 4
651–661
EN
This article defends the teaching of Mortimer J. Adler that human education must aim at the betterment of human beings by forming good habits in us; and that, if intellectual and moral virtues, or good habits, are the same for all human beings because our natural capacities are the same and tend naturally to the same developments, then what logically follows is that the intellectual and moral virtues, or good habits, as the ends of education, are the absolute and universal principles on which education should always and everywhere be founded. This being the case, it concludes that, because of its essential foundation in the essentially flawed Enlightenment understanding of human nature, the New World Order can never be a cause of higher education, can, at best, cause a caricature of it.
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EN
An analysis of this text reveals the two essential issues handled in the epistle: (1) the constant presence of the theme of God considered from the viewpoint of His glory and (2) an ultimate Christocentrism of all content references in the image of God. The word “glory” (δόξα) appears five times, always in key places of the inspired text under study. The epistle exposes the theology of faith from the aspects of knowledge and calling, so as to successively reveal the mystery of Jesus Christ being the Divine Person – in the context of the Divine Trinity – and, furthermore, to disclose His subsequent Christological titles leading to a complete revelation in the expression: “Our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ” (κύριος ἡμῶν καὶ σωτήρ Ἰησοῦς Χριστός). At the same time, the epistle describes the main practical goal, i.e. “partaking of the divine nature” (cf. 2 Peter 1 : 4) through “God and Jesus, our Lord” (θεός καὶ Ἰησοῦς κύριος ἡμῶν), and the method of reaching this goal; it also warns against going a different way by contrasting the two dimensions of reality: the earthly and the eternal.
PL
Analiza przebiegu treści 2 Listu św. Piotra ujawnia poruszane w tekście dwie zasadnicze kwestie: (1) ciągła obecność tematu Boga w aspekcie Jego chwały i (2) ostateczny chrystocentryzm wszystkich odniesień treściowych w obrazie Boga. Pięciokrotnie pojawiające się słowo „chwała” (δόξα) można znaleźć zawsze w kluczowych miejscach omawianego tekstu natchnionego. List, przedstawiając teologię wiary w aspekcie poznania i powoływania, odsłania sukcesywnie tajemnicę Jezusa Chrystusa jako Osoby Boskiej – w kontekście Trójcy Świętej – na drodze ujawniania Jego kolejnych tytułów chrystologicznych aż po pełne tego objawienie w określeniu: „Pan nasz i Zbawiciel Jezus Chrystus” (κύριος ἡμῶν καὶ σωτήρ Ἰησοῦς Χριστός). Kreśli przy tym główny cel praktyczny i metodę jego osiągnięcia, jakim jest „uczestnictwo w Boskiej naturze” (por. 2 P 1, 4) dzięki „Bogu i Jezusowi Panu naszemu” (θεός καὶ Ἰησοῦς κύριος ἡμῶν) – z równoczesnym przestrzeganiem przed pójściem inną drogą – przeciwstawiając sobie dwa wymiary rzeczywistości: doczesny i wieczny.
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