Search results

1

The production of present and absent presences in education

100%

Frelin A., Grannäs J.

Journal of Pedagogy

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2013

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vol. 4

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issue 2

139-161

EN

Drawing on the distinction between absent and present presences, this article contributes to our understanding of how new managerial and performative discourses are played out in a secondary school context in Sweden. The consequences of numerous educational reforms during the last 20 years include a surge of new independent schools and increased segregation between students due to individual school choice. Following international trends, a yearly national municipal school ranking is published, drawing much attention both in the media and on the policy level, intensifying pressure for results at the municipal level. A case study was conducted in one bottom-ranked Swedish secondary school over the 2012-13 school year, focusing on how relationships between students and staff were negotiated in informal spaces and places. The results illustrate how absent presences and present presences are produced in the practice of schooling. The present presences were publication of results, raising merit scores and grading pressure, and the absent presences were the role of the media in the self-image of schools, increased workload for teachers, the misuse of statistical data and demoralization and determination. The results contribute to the understanding of a) the challenges that teachers and schools are faced with as a consequence of the new managerial and performative discourses in educational settings, and b) the means they draw on to face and resist them in their everyday practices.

2

Figura žreca u Dežmanovu „Ljutovidu”

100%

Brunčić D.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2013

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issue 4

EN

This article analyses a construction of figure of žrec in the introductory canto of historical epic Ljutovid written by Croatian romantic writer Ivan Dežman. Žrec is a religious-magical figure which comprises functions of priest, prophet and magician. By applying reviewed readings of Austin’s speech acts theory, the article focuses on the performative dimension of žrec’s prophetic utterances, different types of prophetic speech and their effects of national integration.

3

Interpretacja humanistyczna dyskursów performatywnych

100%

Tarnowski J.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2018

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issue 18

345-363

EN

Jerzy Kmita’s conception of humanistic interpretation is an appropriate reconstruction of communicative discourses, but it does not allow reconstruction of the non-communicative ones. In order to extend the range of application, I have employed John L. Austin’s performative-constative distinction, but have expanded its scope from speech acts to any discourses. As a result, the classification of discourse is as follows: explicit and implicit constatives, and explicit and implicit performatives. The efficacy of the new categorisation has been demonstrated with selected discourses sourced from the history of aesthetics.

4

Facebook posts as performatives in Bulgarian political life: A sociolinguistic investigation

86%

Tincheva N.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2019

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vol. 19

EN

Facebook posts as performatives in Bulgarian political life: A sociolinguistic investigationThe paper provides a snapshot of how the Bulgarian political public interprets the notion of ‘political action’. The paper argues there are two basic notions (‘performing’ and ‘performativity’) which are fundamental to present-day interpretations of ‘political action’, and that these two notions need to be approached through quantitative analysis of actual respondents’ interpretations. The paper addresses this analytical niche and in doing so draws on a previous sociolinguistic study which strongly suggests that the modern genre of the Facebook post has special social and political significance in pro-active Bulgarian political life. The paper systematizes and discusses the results from a questionnaire-based study on Bulgarian recipients’ expectations about the communicative and political effect of the Facebook post. The results of the study reveal that Bulgarian political audiences perceive the Facebook post not simply as a genre in Bulgarian political discourse but, crucially, as a vehicle for actual political performance in present-day Bulgarian political life. Posty na Facebooku jako performatywy w bułgarskim życiu politycznym. Ujęcie socjolingwistyczneArtykuł dotyczy tego, jak bułgarska społeczność pojmuje ideę „aktu politycznego”. Autorka broni tezy, że istnieją dwie kluczowe idee – „publiczne przedstawienie” i „performatywność” (tj. wypowiedzi performatywne) – które determinują współczesne bułgarskie interpretacje „aktu politycznego” oraz że obie te idee należy badać jakościowo, poprzez analizę danych wziętych od realnych respondentów, będących zarówno nosicielami języka, jak i aktywnymi politycznie obywatelami. Podejmując próbę zapełnienia analitycznej niszy, autorka wskazuje, że współczesny gatunek, jakim jest post na Facebooku, ma szczególne znaczenie w życiu codziennym aktywnych politycznie i społecznie Bułgarów. W artykule zostały usystematyzowane i omówione rezultaty badania, które dotyczyło nastawienia i oczekiwań bułgarskich recypientów w odniesieniu do efektu komunikacyjnego i politycznego postów na Facebooku. Okazuje się, że bułgarska społeczność polityczna pojmuje ten nowy gatunek nie tylko jako narzędzie do uczestnictwa w dyskursie politycznym, ale także jako sposób na realne działanie polityczne.

5

Poststrukturalistyczne inspiracje w badaniu języka poezji współczesnej

86%

Skibski K.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2016

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issue 73/1

133-144

PL

The text is an attempt to look at the problem of the contemporary studies into poetic language through the prism of poststructuralist reflection. The discussion, which originally referred to the theory of literature, concerned the themes also present in the studies of linguists and resulting from a critical analysis of the assumptions of structuralist thought. The perspective adopted in this abstract made it possible to present a research proposal comprising the category of redundancy in literary communication, as well as – in more detail – the category of relationality of verse, syntactical hypotheses or special predication with regard to poetic language. Free verse is apprehended here with reference to the findings of modern scholars of verse, which involves a special way of thinking about syntax in poetry, and also – about the specific aspects of semantics. The attached examples (from a collection of modern Polish poetry) provide the necessary illustration of the linguistic phenomena demonstrated in the text.

6

Sličnosti i razlike u Wittgensteinovom i Derridaovom shvaćanju jezika kao djelovanja

86%

Peternai Andrić K.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2013

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issue 4

EN

This research paper offers a comparison of the concepts of language as action presented by J. Derrida and L.Wittgenstein, including the concept of „performative” by J.L. Austin. The conclusion is that they maintain a non-representational character of language. Relationship between sign and referent is arbitrary and signs can not have a direct reference to independent objects; rather they produce meaning through relationships with other signers. In social practice, through the use of „language games”, meaning can be stabilized and systematised by the habitual use of signs; however, this stabilization of meaning is always provisional. Regardless of the differences in the approaches by Wittgenstein and Derrida, in the end is turns out that their mutual similarities are more important. The concept of language derived from their theories has a significant role in the understanding of self and identity, which leads to a discursive-performative conception of the formation of identity. Also, some common arguments and theoretical apparatus by Wittgenstein and Derrida may contribute to a new way of thinking about democratic politics.

7

Performativna snaga imena u zbirci priča „Inšallah Madona, inšallah” Miljenka Jergovića

86%

Lujanović N.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2013

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issue 4

EN

The names play a main role in understanding of Miljenko Jergović’s literary works and it is argued through analysis of collection of stories called Inšallah Madona, inšallah. The names have their history, they describe and determine actors, and function as axioms with initial stabile meaning. By decoding of related code, new complex components of semantic field of the name as symbol are revealed to us. In chosen text, the names operate as curse in form of general principle. Through curse as a main motive, it is implied performative dimension of the names which symbolize pain or misery, evoke tragedy and in the end fulfill inscribed curse.

8

Skuteczność formalna i materialna performatywu

86%

Łukowski Ł., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. P. i. A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2015

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vol. 75

PL

Skuteczność performatywu jest zazwyczaj rozumiana jako spełnienie wszystkich warunków gwarantujących jego poprawną prezentację. Takie podejście jest uzasadnione na gruncie logiczno-filozoficznym. Na gruncie prawoznawstwa wydaje się jednak równie ważne rozważenie innego rodzaju skuteczności performatywu, przyznawanej ze względu na to, czy performatyw faktycznie prowadzi do orzekanej przez siebie zmiany rzeczywistości. Wyróżniona przez Searle’a skuteczność pierwszego rodzaju nazwana jest w pracy formalną, drugiego zaś – materialną. Kombinatoryczne połączenie osiągnięcia bądź nie tych dwóch skuteczności daje cztery przypadki. W warunkach państwa demokratycznego pożądane są przypadki spełnienia materialnego performatywów, które są również spełnione formalnie oraz niespełnienia materialnego performatywów, które nie są także spełnione formalnie. Pozostałe konfiguracje spełnienia performatywów są niepożądane. Jak pokazuje analiza konkretnych przypadków performatywów na gruncie prawa (norm prawnych), prawidłowość ta nie zachodzi w sytuacji, gdy funkcjonowanie demokracji doznaje uszczerbku. Fakt ten stwarza możliwość „performatywnego” zdefiniowania systemu demokratycznego rozumianego jako państwo prawa.

EN

Effectiveness of the performative is usually understood as fulfillment of all the conditions ensuring its proper presentation. This approach is justified on the logical and philosophical basis. On the basis of jurisprudence it seems to be equally important to consider another kind of performative effectiveness which is granted irrespectively of the fact that the performative actually leads to predicate its reality changes. The first type of the effectiveness distinguished by Searle is called in this work formal effectiveness while the second type – material. Combinatorial connection of achieving or not these two kinds of effectiveness gives four cases. In a democratic state there are cases that meet the desired material performatives, which are also met formally, and non-compliance of the material performatives, which are also not formally met. Other configurations to meet performatives are undesirable. As the analysis of specific cases of performatives in the matter of law (legal norms) shows, this regularity does not occur when the functioning of democracy suffers. This fact implies a possibility of „performative” definition of a democratic system, understood as the rule of law.

9

Intercultural aspects of the speech act of promising from a relevance theoretic point of view

72%

Blass R.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2012

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vol. 8

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issue 1

131-154

EN

This study on the Speech Act of Promising builds on an article by Egner (2005) which claims that in many African Societies a promise is most often made not to be committed to its content but to be polite and save one's own or the addressee's face. While Egner opts for a Speech Act Theory approach to explain the phenomenon and comes to the conclusion that the speech act of promising may occur minus commitment, thus refuting the standard SAT claim, I have opted to treat the issue within Relevance Theory and claim that a true speech act of promising cannot be without commitment since it is a performative and institutional speech act which has to be committed by its very nature. I have rather explained that the concept PROMISE can be used as an ad hoc concept PROMISE* which conveys a speech act of "saying that" and which is a broadened version of the encoded concept to make commitment optional and include issues of politeness and face saving. While Egner claims that a committed speech act can be determined by linguistic indication most of the time I claim that the intended interpretation falls out naturally from the relevance theoretic comprehension procedure which is: "Follow the path of least effort in determining cognitive effects and stop when your expectation of relevance is fulfilled". Unlike Egner I claim that at the root of using non-committed promises as a face saving device are shame oriented cultures that need these kinds of mechanisms for politeness more than guilt oriented cultures.

10

Coming to terms with the North. Scandinavia in Polish culture at the turn of the 21st century

72%

Czapliński P.

Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia

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2023

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vol. 34

16-30

EN

The article deals with representations of Scandinavia in Polish literature from the 1980s to the second decade of the 21st century. The basic claim of the article is that a shift in the Polish imagination from the West to the North has occurred through literature and growing public interest. This shift began with efforts to transform the initial stereotype of Scandinavia as a land of prosperity. In subsequent stages, the imaginary was expanded by literature to include the themes of equality, social trust and self-correcting modernity. Complicating the image of Scandinavia made it into a viable alternative to Western modernity.

11

Poetyka performatywności w przekładzie – Ryszard Wojnakowski jako tłumacz liryki Friederike Mayröcker

71%

Sommerfeld B.

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2020

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vol. 26

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issue 1

103-120

EN

The article discusses some Polish translations of the lyrical texts of the Austrian poetress Friederike Mayröcker by Ryszard Wojnakowski in the perspective of the theory of the performative – in its initial version by J. L. Austin and in its poststructuralist revisions. It depicts the performative nature of Mayröcker’s poetry which consists in the theatralization of texts, ritualized speech acts that have an auto-reference character and iteration mechanisms. Translation is seen as a re-staging and re-citation of the meanings of the original. Translation is understood as a creative activity that emphasizes the role of the translator, whereas the performative view counteracts the “invisibility” of the translator (Venuti).

PL

Artykuł omawia niektóre polskie przekłady tekstów lirycznych austriackiej poetki Friederike Mayröcker autorstwa Ryszarda Wojnakowskiego w perspektywy koncepcji performatywności, począwszy od J. L. Austina do poststrukturalistycznych rewizji. Zostaje tu ukazany performatywny charakter poezji Mayröcker, polegający na teatralizacji tekstów, dokonujących się w nich zrytualizowanych aktów mowy, które mają charakter auto-referencyjny i podkreślają zdarzeniowość wierszy, oraz na uwalnianiu mechanizmów iteracji. W świetle performatyki przekład jawi się jako performatywna re-inscenizacja i re-cytacja znaczeń zawartych w oryginale, oraz jako podejmowanie gry znaczeń, toczącej się w poezji Mayröcker. Przekład jest pojmowany jako twórcze działanie, które uwypukla rolę tłumacza. Performatywne spojrzenie na proces translacyjny przeciwdziała zatem ‘niewidzialności’ tłumacza (Venuti).

12

Performatyw: suwerenna władza zamiast subwersji? (Austin, Derrida, Butler)

61%

Vatsov D.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2015

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issue 23

EN

In contrast to Derrida and Butler, who overemphasized the subversive force of performatives, here the focus is on the immanent (micro-)sovereign power of performative utterances. Hence, what is proposed here is a search for the basic concept of power at the micro-level of speech acts. Before being codified with reference to certain stable power relations or contexts and before being objectified in different forms of domination and/or violence, power must be analyzed at the level of immediate performatives, where the struggle for power-codification could be followed in vivo. A task like this requires a conceptual shift: the illocutionary force of speech acts must be reinterpreted as their immediate evaluative force, i.e. as illocutionary power. Taking into account Derrida’s critique of Austin’s theory of speech acts, we should recognize that performatives arenot singular or atomistic speech acts, nor are they pre-determined by certain already given contexts or procedures. They are embedded in a citation and trace signs, without any final or autonomous signification. And yet, performatives have a specific kind of sovereignty. It is not the sovereignty of the ‘act’ itself but of the act’s performance. The actual (in the sense of ‘ongoing’) performance has an immediate force that is irreversible and also non-citable. Even in the case ofa direct citation, a citing performance sediments into an irreversible arrow, thus immediately reordering and re-evaluating all points in its trajectory. This performance does not fulfill a perspective, but it irreversibly forms a perspective. This effect of the virtuosity of an immediate performance could be called the power effect since it not only demonstrates how we make things with words, but also how we re-evaluate the things that were made through words. If an ongoing performance is such an immediate source of micro-power, then its role is not only to be ironically subversive and resistant to the already existing macro-codifications of power and domination. Performatives have their own sovereign power and are therefore capable of a direct affirmation and re-affirmation of the intersubjective frames of our experience.

PL

In contrast to Derrida and Butler, who overemphasized the subversive force of performatives, here the focus is on the immanent (micro-)sovereign power of performative utterances. Hence, what is proposed here is a search for the basic concept of power at the micro-level of speech acts. Before being codified with reference to certain stable power relations or contexts and before being objectified in different forms of domination and/or violence, power must be analyzed at the level of immediate performatives, where the struggle for power-codification could be followed in vivo. A task like this requires a conceptual shift: the illocutionary force of speech acts must be reinterpreted as their immediate evaluative force, i.e. as illocutionary power. Taking into account Derrida’s critique of Austin’s theory of speech acts, we should recognize that performatives are not singular or atomistic speech acts, nor are they pre-determined by certain already given contexts or procedures. They are embedded in a citation and trace signs, without any final or autonomous signification. And yet, performatives have a specific kind of sovereignty. It is not the sovereignty of the ‘act’ itself but of the act’s performance. The actual (in the sense of ‘ongoing’) performance has an immediate force that is irreversible and also non-citable. Even in the case of a direct citation, a citing performance sediments into an irreversible arrow, thus immediately reordering and re-evaluating all points in its trajectory. This performance does not fulfill a perspective, but it irreversibly forms a perspective. This effect of the virtuosity of an immediate performance could be called the power effect since it not only demonstrates how we make things with words, but also how we re-evaluate the things that were made through words. If an ongoing performance is such an immediate source of micro-power, then its role is not only to be ironically subversive and resistant to the already existing macro-codifications of power and domination. Performatives have their own sovereign power and are therefore capable of a direct affirmation and re-affirmation of the intersubjective frames of our experience.

13

Cognitive Pragmatics Ways into Discourse Analysis: the Case of Discursive Presuppostions

58%

de Saussure L.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2012

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vol. 8

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issue 1

37-59

EN

This paper aims at showing how pragmatics, today a discipline developing in close connection with cognitive science and evolutionary psychology, provides new ways to envisage Discourse Analysis. In this article, we first discuss the relationship between pragmatics and Discourse Analysis, focusing on the links between the process of utterance understanding, which is in the scope of pragmatic theories, and consenting to beliefs (influence), which is in the scope of Discourse Analysis (section 2). Next (section 3), we introduce an extended notion of presuppositions which we name discursive presuppositions, which are unexpressed contents but nonetheless propositions that need to be incorporated in the background and thus consented to in order to provide not meaning proper but relevance to the utterance. Last section (section 4) is dedicated to the examination of two examples where discursive presuppositions are exploited in persuasiveness.

14

Face/Façade: The Visual and the Ethical

58%

Kalaga W.

Town Planning and Architecture

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2010

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vol. 34

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issue 3

120-127

EN

Face and façade share not only the same etymological derivation, but also the appeal to the visual perceptual apparatus. Their operation as visual signs/texts, however, reaches far beyond the merely iconic; in the context of the Western culture, face and façade perform the role of the exterior as symbolically representing the interior. In spite of what they have in common, the two concepts connote different ethical values. Face, especially in the Levinasian sense, implies absolute sincerity and truthfulness; façade, as a "face of the building," is in fact a simulacrum of the interior; it implies excess and uses performative-rhetorical devices of deception. Yet the metonimical representation of the inside by the façade naturalizes - through semiotic conventions and games - its fraudulently excessive character; it is only when façade - in its derivative sense as mask - returns to the face and becomes its metaphorical substitute, that its negative ethical value comes to the fore. The paper explores and theorizes - with intercultural references - the semiotic operation of face and façade, as well as provide analyses of visual examples.

LT

Pasitelkiant tarpkultūrinius pavyzdžius ir semantinės analizės metodą straipsnyje tiriami Veido ir Fasado vaizdinių/sąvokų reikšminis ir etinis aspektai. Ieškoma panašumo tarp abiejų vaizdinių/sąvokų etimologijos ir vizualinio suvokimo struktūrų. Gilinamasi i Veidą ir Fasadą kaip i eksterjero ženklus, simboliniame lygmenyje reprezentuojančius interjerą. Straipsnyje išryškinama, kad tiriamos sąvokos konotuoja skirtingas etines vertes nepaisant dalinio jų tarpusavio panašumo. Veidui priskiriama nuoširdumo ir tikrumo reikšmė. Fasadas (pastato veidas) interpretuojamas kaip interjero simuliakras, todėl siejamas su netikrumu, apgaulingumu.

Refine search results

The production of present and absent presences in education

Figura žreca u Dežmanovu „Ljutovidu”

Interpretacja humanistyczna dyskursów performatywnych

Facebook posts as performatives in Bulgarian political life: A sociolinguistic investigation

Poststrukturalistyczne inspiracje w badaniu języka poezji współczesnej

Sličnosti i razlike u Wittgensteinovom i Derridaovom shvaćanju jezika kao djelovanja

Performativna snaga imena u zbirci priča „Inšallah Madona, inšallah” Miljenka Jergovića

Skuteczność formalna i materialna performatywu

Intercultural aspects of the speech act of promising from a relevance theoretic point of view

Coming to terms with the North. Scandinavia in Polish culture at the turn of the 21st century

Poetyka performatywności w przekładzie – Ryszard Wojnakowski jako tłumacz liryki Friederike Mayröcker

Performatyw: suwerenna władza zamiast subwersji? (Austin, Derrida, Butler)

Cognitive Pragmatics Ways into Discourse Analysis: the Case of Discursive Presuppostions

Face/Façade: The Visual and the Ethical